• Title/Summary/Keyword: Low fertility policy

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Health Policy Regarding Pregnancy Care in two "Lowest-Low" Fertility Social Contexts: A Comparison between Korean and Japanese Policies

  • Noh, Gie Ok;Park, M.J.
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2021
  • To develop policies regarding fertility and pregnancy that will be effective in preventing further declines in fertility rates in the context present-day Korea, current policies in Japan were analyzed and compared with those now being implemented in Korea. This study was structured to involve (a) comparison of maternal health projects in Korea and Japan, and (b) comparison of infertility support policies based in regional cities in Korea and Japan. Korea's Health Plan 2030 emphasizes strengthening healthcare for high-risk pregnant women, expanding investments to benefit vulnerable groups, and establishing a support system for infertile couples. In Japan, government programs involving treatment targeting infertility specifically were implemented nationwide in 2006. Wide dissemination of accurate knowledge related to pregnancy is emphasized. Also, counseling centers specializing in infertility were established by 67 local governments. We have confirmed that Korean policies include decentralization, while Japan is implementing the central government's infertility policy uniformly in all regions. Japan also adjusted its policy out of concern that problems related to infertility and childbirth will worsen due to the social disaster of COVID-19. The results indicate that providing additional support for psychological counseling may be preferable to increasing the number of in-vitro fertilization procedures. The physical burden on women may be minimized by benchmarking policies in Japan. Step-by-step application of these procedures should be systematically supported to achieve the best results.

The Effects of Fertility Policies on Childbirth by Birth Order (저출산 대응정책이 출산순위별 출산에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoo, Gye-Sook
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.191-201
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    • 2009
  • The Korean Government has recently prepared the comprehensive five-year basic plan (2006-2010) to deal with low fertility and population ageing. The basic plan aims at recovering the fertility rate to the appropriate level and improving the social and economic systems in preparation for the aged society. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of fertility policies on childbirth by birth order. The data came from 1,729 adults who gave birth to babies in 2007 and 991 adults as the control group. The serial logistic regression analyses revealed that establishing the health and nutrition system for maternity and children, and expanding of tax and social insurance benefit were effective policy measures to increase childbirths of first children, while the policy measures establishing the health and nutrition system for maternity and children, supporting for daycare and pre-school education, and work-life balance were effective to childbirths of second or third children in 2007. However, the policies of supporting for costs of test-tube baby and expanding childcare infra didn't have any significant influences on childbirths in 2007. The implications of study results were discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Low Fertility Policy and the Public Perceptions using Text-Mining Methodology (텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 저출산 정책과 대중인식 비교)

  • Bae, Giryeon;Moon, HyunJeong;Lee, Jaeil;Park, Mina;Park, Arum
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.29-42
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    • 2021
  • As the low fertility intensifies in Korea, this study investigated fundamental differences between the government's low fertility policy and public perception of it. To this end, we selected four times 'Aging Society and Population Policy' documents and news comments for two weeks immediately after announcement of the third and fourth Policy as analysis targets. Then we conducted word frequency analysis, co-occurrence analysis and CONCOR analysis. As a result of analyses, first, direct childcare support during the first and second periods, and a social structural approach during third and fourth periods were noticeable. Second, it was revealed that both policies and comments aim for the work-family compatibility in 'parenting'. Lastly it was showed public interest in environment of raising children and the critical mind to effectiveness of the policy. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed the public perception using big data analysis, and it will help improve the direction for the future low fertility policy.

Analysis of Regional Fertility Gap Factors Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (설명 가능한 인공지능을 이용한 지역별 출산율 차이 요인 분석)

  • Dongwoo Lee;Mi Kyung Kim;Jungyoon Yoon;Dongwon Ryu;Jae Wook Song
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2024
  • Korea is facing a significant problem with historically low fertility rates, which is becoming a major social issue affecting the economy, labor force, and national security. This study analyzes the factors contributing to the regional gap in fertility rates and derives policy implications. The government and local authorities are implementing a range of policies to address the issue of low fertility. To establish an effective strategy, it is essential to identify the primary factors that contribute to regional disparities. This study identifies these factors and explores policy implications through machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. The study also examines the influence of media and public opinion on childbirth in Korea by incorporating news and online community sentiment, as well as sentiment fear indices, as independent variables. To establish the relationship between regional fertility rates and factors, the study employs four machine learning models: multiple linear regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression. Support Vector Regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest significantly outperform linear regression, highlighting the importance of machine learning models in explaining non-linear relationships with numerous variables. A factor analysis using SHAP is then conducted. The unemployment rate, Regional Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Women's Participation in Economic Activities, Number of Crimes Committed, Average Age of First Marriage, and Private Education Expenses significantly impact regional fertility rates. However, the degree of impact of the factors affecting fertility may vary by region, suggesting the need for policies tailored to the characteristics of each region, not just an overall ranking of factors.

A Study of the Effectiveness of Policies in Response to Low Fertility (저출산 정책의 효과성에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Sung-Ho
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.31-52
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of policies in response to low fertility in Korea. Using a recent nationwide survey on marriage and fertility, this study analyzes the effect of low fertility policies on plan of further birth among young married women according to the number of their children. Awareness of polices in response to low fertility is relatively high, showing the great differences among policy measures. In contrast, the degree of polices in response to low fertility is very low. ranging from 2.0% to 27.6%. The distribution of awareness and experience is different according to the number of children. The results of logistic regression analysis show that awareness of polices in response to low fertility such as economic support, promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects on plan of further birth. However, this effects disappear when we apply parity specific approach. For example, the plan for first child is quite universal as no difference is found by their awareness of policies in response to low fertility. Similar results are found in married women having plan for second child and third child. With respect to the degree of experience of policies in response to low fertility, the results show that economic support, work-family coexistence, and promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects the plan of further birth. Like awareness of policies in response to low fertility, these effects disappear as we apply parity specific approach. The results indicate that the effect of policies in response to low fertility differs by the current number of children. Thus, consideration of such difference would help us deepen our understanding of fertility behaviors and polices in response to low fertility.

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Factors associated with Lowest Low Fertility and Strategies for the Policy of Family-friendly Environments for Fertility Increase in Busan Metropolitan City (부산광역시 초저출산의 가족학적 요인 및 가족친화환경 조성을 위한 정책적 제안)

  • Yoon, Gyung-Ja
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.137-163
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    • 2010
  • This study examines how individual, familial, and social factors are associated with persistent very low fertility in Busan Metropolitan City and contemplates family-friendly environments and social strategies for fertility increase. Fertility decline in Busan Metropolitan City recorded the lowest birth rate nationwide recent years among metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea. Birthrates are low partly because of multiple factors such as high age at childbearing and at marriage, decline in marriage, high divorce rate, the phenomena of marriage avoidance among unmarried women, traditional gender role attitude of men, low domestic work participation of husbands among dual career couples, low marital satisfaction and family life satisfaction, abortion, and more broader attiributes such as family policy, availability of childcare, education expenses, and family-friendlyness of a society. In addition, women of dual career couples in Busan strained from domestic work overload under traditional norms of gender role, and marital satisfaction recorded below average nationwide along with espeacially low marital satisfaction of wives compared to that of husbands. Major aspects of implications and considerations for higher birth rate and family friendly policy in Busan are discussed.

Family Impact Analysis on the Policies to Low Fertility in Korea (저출산 대책의 가족영향평가 연구)

  • Jang, Bo-Hyun;Yoo, Gye-Sook
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.24 no.6 s.84
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    • pp.161-176
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to conduct a family impact analysis to examine the effects of policies to lower fertility in families in Korea. Data were collected from a purposive sample of three groups of government officials, family scholars, and staff at family-related organizations and associations. 105 family policy professionals responded to the self-report questionnaire. The family impact analysis scale was formulated by the researcher based on Ooms'(1995)'A checklist for assessing the impact of policies on families' and Lawson & Lawson's(2001)'An example on family impact analysis checklist or inventory.' The results showed there were eight factors in the family impact analysis on the policies to low fertility in Korea; strengthening family membership and stability; providing various convenient public services; recognizing family interdependence; recognizing the efficiency of implementing policies and support of vulnerable families; strengthening the family function of childbirth; recognizing family relationships; preventing family problems and empowering families; and recognizing family diversity. The conclusions and implications of these findings were also discussed.

Education and Application for low Fertility.Aged Society in Home Economics Education (가정교과에서의 저출산.고령사회를 위한 교육과 실천 사례)

  • Jun, Mi-Kyung;Oh, Kyung-Seon
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.95-116
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society. Hence home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society was estsblished extracting the contents from both Revised 2007 Home Economics Curriculum and government. policy for low fertility Aged Society. Also home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society("Home Economics Class for both parents and Children") implemented in Healthy Family Support Center. The main results of the study are as follows. Firstly, Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society should be emphasized with the contents such as marriage of one's choice, family life reinforcement, healthy family culture and neighborhood living together. Secondly, the goal of home economics education is very similar to the action plans of Saeromaji Project 2010 which are 'social responsibility reinforcement for marriage, birth and child rearing', 'balancing family and work', 'family-friendly culture' and 'security for the aged with health and care'. It has also much in common with the project plans by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education 'family-friendly culture and filial duty education reinforcement', 'school education reinforcement regarding Low Fertility-Aged Society' and 'values education reinforcement for gender equality society'. Thirdly, "Home Economics Class for both parents and Children" applied in Healthy Family Support Center in Jung-gu, Seoul. This ensures home economic education can play a leading role in the social education filed.

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The Effect of Non-regular and Female Employment Rate on Total Fertility Rate(TFR) in OECD Countries (비정규직 고용률과 여성 고용률이 출산율에 미치는 효과: OECD 국가를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jaehee;Park, Jinbaek
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to analyze effects of non-regular employment rate and female employment rate on fertility rate in OECD county. We adopted dynamic panel model after classifying OECD county to high and low fertility rate. The results of analysis showed that the higher non regular employment rate, the lower female employment rate, and the lower economy growth rate decrease fertility rate especially in low fertility rate country. While, only the higher house rental decrease in high fertility country. This results indicate that low fertility country including Korea should improve a labor policy such as strengthening employment security and encouraging female employment to increase fertility rate.

Low Fertility Era and Maternal Health Promotion (저출산 시대와 모성의 건강증진)

  • Jeon, Byeong-Joo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.162-173
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    • 2014
  • Among OECD countries, Korea is the only country which has continuously recorded total birthrate below 1.3 person for over 10 years. Since 2006, the Korean government has promoted the population policy in full scale. But, the fertility rate which became low has not shown any sign to go up again. Thus, Korea can be understood as having fallen into 'low fertility trap'. Such a low fertility can cause serious problems such as weakening of national competitive power and even survival of the country. In Korea, due to studies and finding jobs among young women, their childbirths are kept being postponed. In some cases, poor working conditions where women work can cause physical conditions not appropriate for pregnancy. Thus, it is very important to let childbearing women, pregnant women take care of their health. Accordingly, conscious of this low fertility era, this study examined major international organizations and countries' health promoting strategies-with focus on motherhood and suggested some methods to effectively improve health for motherhood.