• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2012

본 연구는 주요 동계사료작물인 청보리와 청호밀을 이용한 TMR 급여가 한우 거세우의 생산성과 사료비, 그리고 도체특성과 등급판정 및 배최장근의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 한우 거세우 송아지 80두를 대상으로 육성기에서 비육후기까지 총 680일에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 시험사료는 배합사료와 볏짚을 분리 급여하는 관행사양구(Control), 청보리 사일리지 TMR을 비육 중기까지 자유채식토록 하고 비육 후기에는 관행사양구와 동일한 사료를 급여하는 처리구(BS-TMR I), 청보리 사일리지 TMR을 비육 후기까지 자유채식토록 하는 처리구(BS-TMR II), 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 비육 중기까지 자유채식토록 하고 비육 후기에는 관행 사양구와 동일한 사료를 급여하는 처리구(RS-TMR I), 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 비육 후기까지 자유채식토록 하는 처리구(RS-TMR II)로 구성하였다. 각 처리 당 거세된 송아지 16두 씩을 배치하였고, 처리 당 거세한우 송아지를 4두씩 4개의 pen에 수용하였으며, 완전임의배치 방법으로 각 처리구의 pen을 배치하였다. 한우 거세우의 증체량은 관행사양구에 비해 육성기 및 비육전기에서 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구에서 다소 높았고 비육 중기에서 현저히 높았으나(P<0.0001) 비육 후기에서는 RS-TMR II를 제외하고는 관행사양구의 한우에서 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한우 두당 kg 증체 당 사료비는 관행사양구의 한우에 비해 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 한우에서 다소 낮았다. 또한 비육 후기까지 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구(BS-TMR II 및 RS-TMR II)에 비하여 비육 중기까지 사일리지TMR을 섭취하고 비육 후기에는 관행사료를 섭취한 처리구(BS-TMRI 및 RS-TMR I)에서 두당 kg 증체 당 사료비가 다소 감소 되었다. 사일리지 TMR이 관행사료 급여에 비해 한우 거세우의 도체중, 등지방 두께 및 배최장근 면적을 다소 증가시켰으나 육량지수를 낮추었다(P<0.047). 다른 시험사료에 비해 청보리 사일리지 TMR이 근내지방도를 다소 낮추었으나 육질 1등급 이상 출현두수에는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 한우 거세우 내 배최장근의 화학적성분, 도체특성, 대부분의 육질 특성, 육색 및 지방산 조성은 시험사료에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 전단력은 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 한우에 비해 관행사양 방법으로 비육된 한우에서 낮았으나(P<0.046) 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구 간에는 차이가 없었다. 본 시험의 결과로 미루어 보아 배합사료와 볏짚 중심의 관행사양방법에 비하여 BS 또는 RS를 이용한 TMR 급여가 거세한우의 육질에 크게 영향하지 않은 반면 증체를 개선하고 사료비를 절감할수 있을 것이라 여겨진다. 또한 전체적으로는 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR의 사료적 가치는 거의 비슷한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

In order to investigate the differences of nutrient intakes by the economic status and different age groups and to identify the nutritional risk group and its specific nutrition problem, 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The subject's numbers of 9,391 were classified into four classes such as low (14.2%), medium (37.2%), high (26.0%), and high above (22.6%) on the basis of the family monthly income and the 2001 Korean minimum cost of living according to the family size. Mean intakes of energy and all nutrients assessed by the RDAs, lipid-energy %, and MAR were increased as the economic status were going up. Na intake expressed per 1,000kcal was in reverse. Nearly a half(45.5%) of the low-income people seemed to take nutritionally inadequate diet in consideration with MAR values. Deficiencies of iron and even energy in the toddlers (1 to 2 years) of low-income class were of great concern. Adolescent age group has been observed that their calcium and iron intakes, and possibly energy, were appeared to be the most deficient among all the age groups regardless of the economic status. For the elderly in all the economic status except high-above class, calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were commonly deficient nutrients. Calcium deficiency was appeared throughout nearly all the ages except toddlers and all the economic classes. Even in the high-above class 57.3% took insufficient amount of calcium.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the diet with the amount and the qualitative assessment of nutrient intakes by the economic level. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, Subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1％), middle class (40.7％) and low class (23.1％). Chi-square-test and Analysis of Variance following Duncan's multiple range test were used to test the difference in nutrient intake pattern among three groups ($\alpha$ = 0.05). The amount of nutrient intake and nutrient intake adequacy were statistically different by the economic level (p<0.01). The ratio of energy intake from carbohydrate is higher than the criteria of WHO recommendation in all economic levels. Especially people in the low class depended much on the carbohydrate for the energy intake. The ratio of energy from the protein and fat are lower in the middle and low class than that of the high class. The Intake level of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ were lower than those of the Recommended Dietary intake level, regardless of economic status. It also showed differences in major food sources of nutrients by the economic level Consequently, it seems that the nutrition policy and program should be prepared according to their economic status. Also, there should more detailed studies to find out the nutrient intake pattern, their determinant, and health consequences.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the general status and conditions of the kimchi industry in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the information of a desirable kimchi market by analyzing the distribution, price, market, and consumers of kimchi based on the current status and status of the kimchi industry in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: This study basically conducted research design and analysis based on theoretical consideration and kimchi market data. Results: The conclusion of the study is that in order to globalize kimchi, it is expected that a strategy to target overseas markets with relatively low competition through a low-salt diet and premium strategy along with the image of Western health is expected. Conclusions: In Korea, small and medium-sized companies can target the B2B (Business-to-Business) market first and then target department stores or convenience stores at a stable time in the future to expand sales channels and profitability through premium or low-cost policies. Another strategy is to target overseas markets as soon as the company stabilizes through B2B. Therefore, in the kimchi industry, it is necessary to establish a sales/marketing strategy according to what position and position of one's own company in the kimchi industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2013

혈액투석 식사요법을 실천하고 있는 말기 신부전 환자들을 대상으로 식사관련 삶의 질을 측정하고 식사관련 삶의 질과 식사요법 실천정도, 건강관련 삶의 질, 위장관 증상과의 관계를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 대상자들의 평균 연령은 53.0세, 남성의 비율이 58.4%, 운동을 하는 대상자는 55.4%, 흡연비율은 11.9%, 음주비율은 10.9%로 대체적으로 자기관리를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대상자들의 66.3%가 영양교육 경험이 있었다. 합병증으로 당뇨가 38.6%, 고혈압이 32.7%이었고, 위장관 증상으로 대상자의 72.3%가 변비, 14.9%가 과민성 장 증후군인 것으로 나타났다. 2) 식사요법 실천정도는 55점 만점에 35.4점으로 나타났고, 식사요법 실천정도가 상승할수록 식사요법과 관련된 비용, 자기관리에 대한 만족감 영역의 삶의 질이 증가 (p < 0.05)하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 식사관련 삶의 질은 건강관련 삶의 질과 여러 항목들과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), 특히 만족감 영역, 정신적 영역에서의 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 4) 변비가 있는 대상자의 식사관련 삶의 질은 변비가 없는 대상자에 비해 맛, 편의성, 식사에 대한 부담감 영역의 식사관련 삶의 질이 유의적으로 낮았고 (p < 0.05), 과민성 장 증후군이 있는 대상자의 맛, 식사에 대한 부담감 영역 (p < 0.05)의 식사관련 삶의 질이 유의적으로 낮았다. 5) 대상자들의 식사관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변수들에 대한 다중회귀 분석 결과, 건강관련 삶의 질 (p < 0.05)과 변비 (p < 0.01)가 식사관련 삶의 질에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 식사요법을 실천중인 혈액투석 환자들은 식사요법 실천정도가 높았으나, 식사요법으로 인한 부담감이 크고 전반적인 건강영역의 삶의 질이 저하되어 있고, 더불어 위장관 증상에 따라 식사관련 삶의 질의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 영양교육 시에는 개개인의 식사관련 삶의 질, 식사요법 실천정도, 건강관련 삶의 질, 위장관 증상 등을 고려한 균형 있는 영양관리, 삶의 질 관리가 요구된다. 또한 식사 관련 삶의 질은 혈액투석 환자가 식사요법으로 인해 받는 사회적, 심리적 영향을 잘 반영할 수 있어 앞으로 영양교육이나 식사요법의 효과를 다각도로 평가하는데 있어서 좋은 도구로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 810 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-${\alpha}$Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p<0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p<0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p>0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2001

Eighteen Murrah male buffalo calves were allotted into three groups of six each. The calves in group I (control) were fed with whole milk, skim milk, calf starter and green maize fodder. The calves in group II (high butyric acid) and group III (low butyric acid) were fed with the same diet as control along with 24 ml and 12 ml of butyric acid/calf/day for 120 days, respectively for 120 days. Dry matter intake was higher in group II and III as compared with group I. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose was the highest in group II followed by group III and the control group. Body weight gain and conversion efficiency of dry matter, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients were better in group II. Cost of feed for per unit of live weight gain was the lowest in group II. It was concluded that dietary addition of butyric acid (24 ml/day) was economical and had positive effect on the performance of Murrah buffalo calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2001

Nine tons of fresh rice straw from early-maturing varieties was ensiled with 50 g urea $kg^{-1}$ DM straw in plastic bags immediately after threshing. Five months after storage, preserved straw was used to partially replace elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumach) for lactating cows. Eight crossbred Holstein lactating cows (75% of Holstein blood) in their second to fourth lactation and in mid-lactation were arranged in a balanced design with two squares consisting of $4\;periods{\times}4\;treatments$ (100% grass ad lib. as a control; 75% grass+urea treated fresh rice straw (UTrFRS) ad lib.; 50% grass+UTrFRS ad lib.; 25% grass+UTrFRS ad libitum) in one square. A concentrate supplement was given at a rate of 400 g per day per kg of milk produced. Samples of fresh straw taken in the field and UTrFRS and elephant grass taken at feeding time were evaluated in a degradation trial with 3 fistulated heifers (undefined blood ratio of crossbred of Sindhi and local yellow cattle). Straw preserved for 5-9 months was in nearly all cases of good quality. Crude protein (CP) content was increased 2.1 fold and 48 h dry matter loss (DML) was 20% higher compared to dry straw. Elephant grass cultivated intensively was low in DM content and 10% higher in 48 h DML compared to UTrFRS. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher for the mixture of UtrFRS and Elephant grass, and highest when one-third of the roughage was UTrFRS. Higher DMI of mixed roughage diets was probably due to the low DM content of elephant grass in the sole grass roughage diet. Increasing substitution of elephant grass with UTrFRS up to 75% of the roughage component increased milk fat content and had no effect on milk yield and other milk composition parameters. Feeding UTrFRS, partially replacing elephant grass in the diets of lactating cows in the dry season can reduce the cost of roughage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

As a result of the cost of grains, the replacement of grains by co-products (i.e. DDGS) in feedlot diets is a common practice. This change produces diets that contain a lower amount of starch and greater amount of fibre. Hypothetically, combining feed grade urea (U) with slow release urea (Optigen) in this type of diet should elicit a better synchrony between starch (high-rate of digestion) and fibre (low-rate of digestion) promoting a better microbial protein synthesis and ruminal digestion with increasing the digestible energy of the diet. Four cannulated Holstein steers ($213{\pm}4$ kg) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to examine the combination of Optigen and U in a finishing diet containing different starch:acid detergent fibre ratios (S:F) on the characteristics of digestive function. Three S:F ratios (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0) were tested using a combination of U (0.80%) and Optigen (1.0%). Additionally, a treatment of 4.5 S:F ratio with urea (0.80% in ration) as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used to compare the effect of urea combination at same S:F ratio. The S:F ratio of the diet was manipulated by replacing the corn grain by dried distillers grain with solubles and roughage. Urea combination did not affect ruminal pH. The S:F ratio did not affect ruminal pH at 0 and 2 h post-feeding but, at 4 and 6 h, the ruminal pH decreased as the S:F ratio increased (linear, p<0.05). Ruminal digestion of OM, starch and feed N were not affected by urea combination or S:F ratio. The urea combination did not affect ADF ruminal digestion. ADF ruminal digestion decreased linearly (p = 0.02) as the S:F ratio increased. Compared to the urea treatment (p<0.05) and within the urea combination treatment (quadratic, p<0.01), the flow of microbial nitrogen (MN) to the small intestine and ruminal microbial efficiency were greater for the urea combination at a S:F ratio of 4.5. Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved (2.8%, p = 0.02) postruminal N digestion. As S:F ratio increased, OM digestion increased, but ADF total tract digestion decreased. The combination of urea at 4.5 S:F improved (2%, p = 0.04) the digestible energy (DE) more than expected. Combining urea and Optigen resulted in positive effects on the MN flow and DE of the diet, but apparently these advantages are observed only when there is a certain proportion of starch:ADF in the diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2000

The use of the dairy male calf for beef production has been found to be economically unprofitable during the past due to high cost of feeds and relatively low beef price. However, due to current shortage of domestic beef supply and rising beef price, this research aimed to assess feeding methods and costs and returns in raising dairy male calves for beef production under changing economic conditions. Two diets were compared: calves on an optimal feeding level were given milk replacer for 44 d and a concentrate (with ad lib. hay) to 150 kg bodyweight that contained 16% crude protein; those given a sub-optimal diet, more appropriate for smallholder farms, received milk replacer for 30 d and 14% CP concentrate. Twelve pairs of dairy male calves (average age 32 days) of Holstein-Friesian high grades were used, each pair having similar influencing factors such as weight, age, and genotype. Each animal was kept in a separate feeding stall until reaching the final weight of 150 kg. The results from this experiment showed that the differences of traits concerning growth performance and feed efficiency of the animals raised under the two feeding regimes were statistically nonsignificant. The optimal group was just slightly better, but the cost of production of the sub-optimal group was 24 percent lower (4,667 vs. 6,144 baht per animal) and the cost difference was highly significant. The results from this investigation showed that beef production from dairy male calves can be economically viable when sub-optimal feeding method is used and market beef price is at current level.