• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2016

Korean government enacted the 1st Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing in 2005 due to the long-lasting ultra-low birth rate. Based on the Act, Korean government set up a step-by-step strategic goal and establish a basic plan, every five years, to achieve the sustainable development of society corresponding to low fertility and aging society. Over the past decade, the 1st Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing (2006-2010) and the 2nd Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing (2011-2015) was executed. This year, based on the achievements and limitations of the 1st and 2nd Basic Plan, the 3rd Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing begins. In this manuscript, I discuss the background of the 3rd Basic Plan and its significance in oral health area.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.105-106
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• 2018

Korea, which entered the aged society in 2018, is accelerating the progress of the aged society due to the rapid decrease in birth. Although the low birth rate is the important issue, comprehensive measures to cope with the aged society should be established. In particular, the reform of the healthcare system in response to the aged society is very urgent. The reorganization of the healthcare system in response to the aged society should focus on improving the functional abilities of the elderly and should be transformed into integrated older person-centered health service. The benefit package of National Health Insurance should be diversified and appropriate payment of each benefit package should be applied. The ageism should be overcame, and it is important to recognize that the measures for the older person are investments in future society. The reform of healthcare system for older person are very urgent in Korea, which is advancing into a rapidly aged society.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy rate and time to pregnancy after timed coitus with or without superovulation in infertile young women younger than 35 years old with low serum $anti-M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH) levels ( < 25th percentile). Methods: A total of 202 patients younger than 35 years old were recruited retrospectively between 2010 and 2012. Ninety-eight women had normal serum AMH levels (25-75th percentile), 75 women had low serum AMH levels (5th ${\leq}$ & < 25th percentile) and 29 women had very low serum AMH levels ( < 5th percentile), according to reference values for their age group. Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was positively associated with AMH levels, but this trend did not reach statistical significance (43.9% vs. 41.3% vs. 27.6% in the normal, low, and very low AMH groups, respectively). The time to pregnancy was longer in the very low AMH group than in the normal AMH group ($13.1{\pm}10.9months$ vs. $6.9{\pm}6.1months$, p= 0.030). The cumulative live birth rate over 18 months was lower in the very low AMH group than in the normal AMH group, with marginal significance (20.0% vs. 55.9%, p= 0.051). The duration of infertility was negatively correlated with achieving pregnancy (odds ratio, 0.953; 95% confidence interval, 0.914-0.994; p= 0.026). Conclusion: Conservative management, such as timed coitus with or without superovulation, should be considered in young patients who have low ovarian reserve without any infertility factors. However, for women with a long duration of infertility or very low serum AMH levels, active infertility treatment should be considered.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1989

임신 간격이 선생아 체중에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대구시내 종합병원 산부인과와 소아과에 내원한 두번 이상의 출산 경험을 가진 25-40세의 여성들은 대상으로 훈련된 간호전문 대학생들이 별도로 고안된 설문서를 통해서 조사 대상 여성의 연령, 산모의 출산시 연령, 임신전 체중, 첫째아 및 둘째아 출산시 선생아 체중, 임신 기간, 신생아의 성별, 임신간격, 조사대상 여성의 학력수준, 남편의 직업유형, 의료보장의 종류, 흡연 및 음주의 습관, 기왕병력 등을 조사하였다. 임신간격별 신생아 평균체중은 6개월 단위로 분류해서 비교하면 6개월 이하 군에서 3,250 grams로 최저치를 보였고 점차 증가하여 25-30개월 군에서 3,357grams로 최고치를 기록 하였다. 일원 분산 분석을 사용하여 평균체중의 차이를 검정한 결과 유의한 수준의 차이는 없었다(P=0.47). 연속변수인 첫째아의 출산시 체중, 임신 전 산모의 체중, 산모의 출산시 연령, 임신 기간과 임신 간격 및 신생아 체중과의 상관계수는 임신 간격과 산모의 연령, 임신 기간과 신생아 체중, 임신전 체중과 신생아 체중, 첫째아의 출산시 체중과 신생아 체중 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보였으나(각각 r=0.39, 0.30, 0.16, 0.44) 산모의 연령, 임신 기간, 임신 전 체중, 첫째아의 출산시 체중이 혼란변수로는 작용하지 않았다. 이산변수인 산모의 교육수준, 남편의 직업 유형, 의료보장의 종류, 신생아의 성별과 임신 간격과의 관계는 유의한 수준의 관련성이 없었고 (각각 p=0.59, 0.75, 0.75, 0.82) 따라서 이들 변수들이 혼란변수로는 작용하지 않았다. 출산시 신생아 체중을 종속변수로 하는 stepwise방식의 다중 회귀 분석 결과 유의한 회귀 계수를 가지는 독립변수는 첫째아의 출산시 체중, 임신 기간, 신생아의 성별, 임신전 체중의 4가지 변수였고, 이들 변수들이 가지는 설명력은 28.7%였다. 1,347명의 조사대상 신생아 중 저 체중아인 경우 27명으로 저 체중아 출산율은 2%였으며 임신 간격 별로는 7-12개월 군이 3.6%로 가장 높았고 13-18개월 군이 0.6%로 가장 낮았으나 임신 간격과 관련하여 일정한 증 감의 경향은 보이지 않았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2010

목 적 : 본 연구에서 저자들은 $Synagis^{(R)}$ 접종으로 극소 저체중 출생아에서 respiratory syncytial virus 감염으로 인한 재입원이 감소하는지 여부와 이러한 접종이 특히 효과적인 세부 그룹을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 3년간 서울 삼성병원 신생아 중환자실에서 입원 치료 후 생존하여 퇴원한 출생체중 1,500 g 미만의 극소 저체중 출생아 350명을 대상으로 퇴원후 1년까지 후향적으로 조사하여 생후 28일째 보조적 산소투여가 필요하였던 기관지폐이형성증 유무 및 $Synagis^{(R)}$ 접종 여부에 따라 RSV 재입원율을 비교하였고, BPD의 중증도 와 재태연령 및 출생체중을 세분하여 각 군별 RSV 재입원율의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 전체 350명중 11명(3.1%)가 RSV로 인해 재입원하였고, 시나지스 미접종군에서 재입원율이 5.0%였던 반면, 접종군에 서 재입원율은 0.7%로 시나지스 접종에 의해 RSV 재입원율이 86% 감소하였다(P =0.02). 기관지폐이형성증이 있는 환아에서의 재입원율은 접종군에서 0.7%, 미접종군에서 5.2%로 접종군에서 유의하게 감소되었고(P =0.045), 기관지폐이형성증이 없는 환아에서의 재입원율 또한 통계학적 유의성은 확인할 수 없었으나(P =0.35), 접종군에서는 0%, 미접종군에서는 4.9%로 접종군에서 감소하였다. 결 론 : 극소 저체중 출생아에서 시나지스 접종은 RSV로 인한 재입원율을 감소시켰고, 기관지폐이형성증 유무 및, 출생주수, 출생체중에 상관없이 재입원율의 감소 추세가 확인되었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2005

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the current breast feeding rates in Jeju Province and to identify factors which influence breast feeding duration after birth. Method: The subjects were 189 women with a child between 12 months and 24 months old. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from October 2003 to January 2004. Measures used in this study included general characteristics, delivery related characteristics, breast feeding related characteristics and the feeding type over a 12-month period after birth. Result: The study showed that the breast feeding rate in the first month was 63.1%, later dropping to 30.9% in the sixth month. In addition, only 14.2% of subjects were still breast feeding the baby at twelve months of age. The mean of breast feeding duration was 4.77 months. The factors which influenced breast feeding duration were wanted pregnancy, breast feeding education, planning of breast feeding and breast feeding experience. Conclusion: Considering the low rate of long-term breast feeding, the importance of breast feeding should be emphasized to promote and support the continuation of breast feeding in addition to at its initial stage. Based on the results, programs on breast feeding promotion and continuation need to be developed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

In recent years, reductions in infant mortality have mainly been accomplished by improving the survival of premature and low birth weight infants, however premature infants still remain at great risk. The purpose of this study was to review the maternal child health service related to premature infants and to provide a future direction for improving maternal child health (MCH) in Korea. We reviewed two MCH services which are directly related to premature infants: 1) a registry and financial support program for families with a premature infant, and 2) financial support to build neonatal intensive care units in rural public hospitals. Suggestions are made for the development of a national vital signs record system to identify high risk infants and to monitor the trends in infant mortality due to prematurity. Prevention efforts and preconception care for childbearing women is also an important strategy to reduce the rate of preterm births. Finally, we need consider long-term follow-up plans for premature infants for a successful transit to the special education system. Developing MCH policy related to premature infants that decreases the occurrence of premature may decrease infant mortality, and also improve maternal and child health services.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are regularly used in intensive care units, and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in preterm infants. Increased survival rate of extremely-low-birth-weight infants can be partly attributed to routine practice of CVC placement. The most common types of CVCs used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) include umbilical venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheters, and tunneled catheters. CRBSI is defined as a laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (BSI) with either a positive catheter tip culture or a positive blood culture drawn from the CVC. BSIs most frequently result from pathogens such as gram-positive cocci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and sometimes gram-negative organisms. CRBSIs are usually associated with several risk factors, including prolonged catheter placement, femoral access, low birth weight, and young gestational age. Most NICUs have a strategy for catheter insertion and maintenance designed to decrease CRBSIs. Specific interventions slightly differ between NICUs, particularly with regard to the types of disinfectants used for hand hygiene and appropriate skin care for the infant. In conclusion, infection rates can be reduced by the application of strict protocols for the placement and maintenance of CVCs and the education of NICU physicians and nurses.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2017

On May 9th 2017, the 19th presidential election was held. This election was historically significant because of the impeachment of the former president. This election was held in a relatively short period of time, unlike the normal presidential elections. Therefore, there was not enough time to deliberate pledges for candidates and review pledges for the people. South Korea has suffered from many healthcare problems associated with low-birth rate, population aging, and low economic growth rate. In this paper, we compared the '10 main pledge' of the major five candidates of the 19th presidential election and discussed focusing on the healthcare issue. As a result of comparing the 10 main pledge of the major candidates, it was difficult to find healthcare parts whereas there were lots of welfare parts existed. We need enough time to review and discuss pledges in the next election.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

Astronauts are constantly exposed to space radiation at a low-dose rate during long-tenn stays in space. Therefore, it is important to determine correctly the biological effects of space radiation on human health. Space radiations contain various kinds of different energy particles, especially high linear energy transfer (LET) particles. Therefore, we have to study the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of space radiation under microgravity environment which may change RBE from a stress for cells. Furthermore, the research about space radiation might give us useful information about birth and evolution of life on the earth. We also can realize the importance of preventing the ozone layer from depletion by use of exposure equipment to sunlight at International Space Station (ISS).