• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.918-926
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• 2008

It is well known non-drug therapy for hypertension patients can reduce blood pressure. These types of therapy include maintaining ones ideal body weight, quitting smoking, consuming large amounts of fruits and vegetables consuming low levels of saturated fat and salt and regular exercise. Fermented milk protein derived biologically active peptides such as isoleucine-proline-proline_(IPP) or valine-proline-proline_(VPP) have been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. This study was conducted to investigate the antihypertensive effects of medical nutritional therapy _(MNT) in accordance with the consumption of fermented milk enriched with IPP and VPP. To accomplish this, we conducted a randomized case-controlled study of 43 subjects who had blood pressure levels greater than 120/80 mmHg. The subjects in the study group were randomly allocated into two groups, an MNT + fermented milk (100mL/day) group (n=21) and an MNT+L. helveticus fermented milk with tripeptides (IPP=2.2mg, VPP=2.6mg/100mL) group (n=22). The MNT included weight management, reduction of sodium, total fat and saturated fat intake, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of low fat dairy products. The treatments were administered for 12 weeks during which time no drug interventions were conducted. The daily intakes of total calories, fats, cholesterol and Na decreased significantly after 12 weeks of MNT in the control and the experimental groups. In addition, the systolic blood pressure de creased significantly in the control and experimental groups; however, the diastolic blood pressure only decreased significantly in the experimental group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the intake of fermented milk containing IPP and VPP in conjunction with MNT exerted positive effects on the blood pressure of pre- and hypertensive subjects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.268-279
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• 2018

The ALCYONE multidimensional fuel performance code codeveloped by the CEA, EDF, and AREVA NP within the PLEIADES software environment models the behavior of fuel rods during irradiation in commercial pressurized water reactors (PWRs), power ramps in experimental reactors, or accidental conditions such as loss of coolant accidents or reactivity-initiated accidents (RIAs). As regards the latter case of transient in particular, ALCYONE is intended to predictively simulate the response of a fuel rod by taking account of mechanisms in a way that models the physics as closely as possible, encompassing all possible stages of the transient as well as various fuel/cladding material types and irradiation conditions of interest. On the way to complying with these objectives, ALCYONE development and validation shall include tests on $PWR-UO_2$ fuel rods with advanced claddings such as M5(R) under "low pressure-low temperature" or "high pressure-high temperature" water coolant conditions. This article first presents ALCYONE V1.4 RIA-related features and modeling. It especially focuses on recent developments dedicated on the one hand to nonsteady water heat and mass transport and on the other hand to the modeling of grain boundary cracking-induced fission gas release and swelling. This article then compares some simulations of RIA transients performed on $UO_2$-M5(R) fuel rods in flowing sodium or stagnant water coolant conditions to the relevant experimental results gained from tests performed in either the French CABRI or the Japanese NSRR nuclear transient reactor facilities. It shows in particular to what extent ALCYONE-starting from base irradiation conditions it itself computes-is currently able to handle both the first stage of the transient, namely the pellet-cladding mechanical interaction phase, and the second stage of the transient, should a boiling crisis occur. Areas of improvement are finally discussed with a view to simulating and analyzing further tests to be performed under prototypical PWR conditions within the CABRI International Program. M5(R) is a trademark or a registered trademark of AREVA NP in the USA or other countries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2013

This study examined how achievement of session goals contributes to outcomes of subjects after participation in a 12-week lifestyle intervention program in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty office workers with MetS, aged $47.2{\pm}6.6$ years, participated in this study, from March to July, 2011. The intervention program included face-to-face counseling five times during the 12-week period. Counselors and subjects designed session goals for each round. The average of the goal achievement rate was calculated based on compliance for each round. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their tertiles of achievement rate: Low-compliance group (LC, < 59%), medium-compliance group (MC, 59-70%), and high-compliance group (HC, > 70%). Anthropometry, biochemical index, and nutrient intake were examined at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention program. After the intervention, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed a significant decrease in the LC group, and waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrease in the MC group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) showed a significant decrease in the HI group. Changes in SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Changes in LDL were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). Results for intake of total energy, protein, fat, and sodium, as well as rates of carbohydrate and fat intake, showed a significant decrease in all participants (p < 0.05). The change in fiber was significantly higher in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). The change of fruit serving size showed a significant increase in the HC group (p < 0.01). The number of risk factors for MetS showed a significant decrease in the LC and HC groups (p < 0.05), however, no significant mean differences were observed among the three groups. In conclusion, participation in this intervention program resulted in positive effects on risk factors for MetS, nutrient intake, and dietary habits, especially in the High-compliance group.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2018

In this experiment the effect of supplemental lighting on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Fresh') plants during low radiation period of winter season were investigated in glasshouses using common high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and newly developed plasma lighting system (PLS) lamps. Plants grown without supplemental lighting were considered as a control. Supplemental lighting was provided from November 20th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016 to ensure 14-hour photoperiod (natural+supplemental light), also lamps were operated automatically when the outside sun radiation levels were less than $100W{\cdot}m^{-2}$. Spectral analysis showed that HPS lamp had a discrete spectrum, lacked of the radiation in the 400-550 nm wave band (blue-green light), but had a high output in the orange-red region (550-650 nm). A higher red light output resulted in an increased red to far-red (R/FR) ratio in HPS lamp. PLS had a continuous spectrum and had a peak radiation in green region (490-550 nm). HPS has 12.6% lower output in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but 12.6% higher output in near infra-red (NIR) spectral regions compared to PLS. Both HPS and PLS lamps emitted very low levels of ultra-violet radiation (300-400 nm). Supplemental lighting both from HPS and PLS lamps increased plant height, leaf number, internode number and dry weight of cucumber plants compared to control. Photosynthetic activity of cucumber plants grown under two supplemental lighting systems was comparable. Number of fruits per cucumber plant (fruit weight per plant) in control, PLS, and HPS plots were 21.2 (2.9 kg), 38.7 (5.5 kg), and 40.4 (5.6 kg), respectively, thereby increasing yield by 1.8-1.9 times in comparison with control. An analysis of the economic feasibility of supplemental lighting in cucumber cultivation showed that considering lamp installation and electricity costs the income from supplemental lighting increased by 37% and 62% for PLS and HPS lamps, respectively.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2014

To prepare the hollow fiber nanofiltration composite membranes, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane was hydrophilized with $K_2Cr_2OH$ and $KMnO_4$ aqueous solutions. And then the composite membrane was synthesized on that membrane surfaces using interfacial polymerization with piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The resulting membranes were characterized in terms of the rejection and flux for NaCl, $CaSO_4$, $MgCl_2$ 100 ppm solution and 300 ppm of NaCl and $CaSO_4$ mixed solution by varying the coating time, drying time, and the concentration of the coating materials. As a result, the higher rejections were shown for $K_2Cr_2OH$ solutionas a hydrophilization material, and the flux was enhanced while the rejection reduced as the hydrophilization time is longer. Also, the rejection increased and the flux reduced as the concentrations of triethyl amine (TEA) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were higher. Typically, the rejection 50% and flux 40 LMH for NaCl 100 ppm solution, and the rejection 55% and flux 48 LMH for $CaSO_4$ 100 ppm solution were obtained for the PVDF hollow fiber composite membrane prepared with the conditions of PIP 2 wt% (Triethyl amine (TEA) 7 wt%, SLS 20 wt% mixed solution against PIP concentration) and TMC 0.1 wt%.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1995

This study was carried out to remove the iron and impurities usmg hydrocyclone and HGMS for recycling of sludge from the granite stone cutting and polishing industrγ in the basic of chemi떠1 analysis and minerallogical investigation. This sludge consist of 70.9% $SiO_2$ 13.6% $Al_2O_3$ and It also contained 2.52% of $Fe_2O_7$ and 0.29% of $TiO_2$, as a main impurities to decrease the whiteness. As the result of hydrocyclone experiment, It was very good condition that are 100~150 g/l of sludge amount, 2.0~ 2.5 mm of underflow nozzle size, and 1.2~1.6 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of pressure for 85% sludge product with the $-37{\mu}\textrm{m}$ size. $Fe_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, contents by treatment of HGMS were decreased with 0.65% and 0.07% each at 10,000 gauss of magnetic field strength, and addih$\upsilon$n of Sodium tripolyphosphate as a dispersant was effected to get low grade F Fe,Ol and TiO, concentrate. PhYSIcal properties of this stone sludge product were showed 58.5% of whiteness, 1 13.4% of firing shrinkage and 3.0812 $\textrm{m}^2$/g of specific surface area.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

In this study, it is performed that mix design of grouting materials which high strength, durability and environmentally safe materials for 2 types of suspension, solution grouting. The laboratory model tests such as permeation, solidification tests are performed to find injection effects by the injection pressure, soil condition. And environmental effects of the grouting materials is analyzed through the heavy-metal leaching tests. From the results, micro cement of suspension grouting superior permeation, solidification injection to Portland cement, and phosphoric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate in solution grouting were similar to micro cement of suspension grouting. When compare to strength of grouted soils, micro cement of suspension grouting showed high compression strength to Portland cement. While, solution grouting showed very low compression strength comparing suspension grouting. Also, in the heavy-metal leaching tests results were satisfied with the environmental regulation standard for raw grouting materials and grouted soil by 7, 14, 28days curing.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.610-619
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• 2008

In order to investigate if the employment of housewives may affect the nutritional status of their family members, an analysis was made for the data of 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition survey. Housewives aged 20 or over were divided into two groups of the working (W, 44.3%) and the non-working (NW, 55.7%), and household income levels were divided into 4 groups of low, middle, high, and high above according to the minimum cost of living in the year of 2001. Nutrient intakes were assessed by using dietary recommended intakes for Koreans of 2005. Working housewives showed similar levels to those of non-working housewives in most nutrients intakes except energy and vitamin C. However their families excluding housewives of W, than those of NW, took less protein, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C when assessed as % of recommended intakes and took more sodium. Such differences were very strong in children and adolescents, and in the middle income households. More % of the families of W than those of NW consumed nutrients below the estimated average requirements. Percents of hypertension classified by both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in adult family members of W than in those of NW. This tendency seemed to be more significant in the family members aged 30 to 49. Both obesity and under-weight rates of school children ($7{\sim}12\;yrs$) in W were higher than those in NW. The above resuIts suggested that employment of housewives could have negative influences on the nutritional status of their family members, especially of their children and in the middle income class.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.310-315
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• 2010

The amount of salt intake of Korean people is 11.4 grams per a day, which is 2.3 times of the recommended daily salt intake by WHO - 5 grams of salt a day. The relationship between high salt consumption and increased risk of high blood pressure, observed not only in hypertensive but also in normotensive patients. High salt intake is also associated with an increased risk of heart attack, cerebral ischemia and osteoporosis. Therefore, this research is for developing a salt taste sensor to reduce sodium consumption and improve meal habits for the perception of a more bland taste of most foods. When the sensor was put into food sample, current intensity achieved with distribution cables. Current intensity was correlate with a simple equivalent of salt taste stimulus intensity. The salt taste sensor consists of salinity & temperature measuring probe, signal processing circuit and LCD display & LED warning light. When salinity is going over a set point, LCD displayer indicate salt taste on LCD panel by percent value (%), and at the same time, blue LED light change to red LED light. So we could know the grade of salt taste in soup before meals conveniently and objectively. The results show that operating range of 10 to $80^{\circ}C$ and accuracy of ${\pm}0.1%$ were achieved with an analysis time of about 2 or 3 sec. Moderate reductions in salt intake can help to avert adult diseases and lead a healthy life.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 2014

Growth and flowering of Cymbidium 'Red Fire' and 'Yokihi' plants were examined in a greenhouse with cooling systems in summer, and with night interruption (NI) lighting in winter as a forcing culture system. The greenhouse was divided into two sections with separate cooling controls during the summer season. One section was cooled by a mist system (mist), while the other section was cooled by a shade screen (shade). During the winter, the greenhouse was redivided into three sections within each cooling system. Plants were grown with NI either at a low light intensity of $3-7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(LNI) or a high l ight intensity of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(HNI) u sing h igh-pressure sodium l amps during the 22:00-02:00 HR. The control plants were grown under 9 h short-day condition. NI for 16 weeks and cooling for 9 weeks were employed twice during the 2 years of the experimental period. The air temperature was approximately $2^{\circ}C$ lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity was 80 ${\pm}5%$ in the mist compared to $55{\pm}5%$ in the shade. The daily light integral in the mist section was 48% higher than in the shade section. The time from initial planting to flowering pseudobulb emergence decreased with both LNI and HNI for both cultivars, regardless of the cooling treatments. Under NI conditions, however, between 60% and 1 00% of plants of both cultivars flowered in the mist, whereas no or 20% of 'Red Fire' or 'Yokihi' plants, respectively, flowered in the shade treatment over 2 years. Plants grown under the mist had bigger pseudobulbs than those grown in the shade under both NI treatments. These results show that commercial use of NI in winter and a mist cooling system in summer would decrease crop production time to 2 years and increase profits in Cymbidium forcing culture.