• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of roasting and extrusion on nutritional value of conventional and low-inhibitor soy beans for nurser-age pigs. In Exp. 1, 100 weaning pigs (7.5 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35-d growth assay to determine the effects of processing method (roasting in a Rast-A-Tron$^{TM}$ raster vs extrusion in an Insta-Pro$^{TM}$ extruder) on the nutritional value of Williams 82 soybeans with (+K) and without (-K) gene expression for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Treatments were 48% soybean meal with added soybean oil, +K roasted, +K extruded, -K roasted and -K extruded. All diets were formulated to contain 3.5 Mcal DE/kg, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14 and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 35 of the experiment. The lysine concentrations were 80% of NRC (1988) recommendations to accentuate difference in response to protein quality and lysine availability. For d 0 to 14, pigs fed extruded soybeans (+K and -K) had greater ADG (p<0.001), ADFI (p<0.09) and gain/feed (p<0.01) than pigs fed roasted soybeans. For d 14 to 35 and overall, the same effects were noted, i.e., pigs fed extruded soybeans had greater ADG, ADFI and gain/feed than pigs fed roasted soybeans (p<0.03). Also, pigs fed -K soybeans were more efficient (p<0.008) than pigs fed +K soybeans. In Exp. 2, 150 weanling pigs (7.0 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35-d growth assay. All diets were formulated to contain 3.5 Mcal DE/kg, with 1.25% lysine for d 0 to 14 and 1.10% lysine for d 14 to 35 of the experiment. The lysine concentrations were formulated to be in excess of NRC recommendation to determine if differences in nutritional value of the soybean preparations could be detected in protein-adequate diets. For d 0 to 14 (p<0.06), 14 to 35 (p<0.03) and 0 to 35 (p<0.02), pigs fed extruded soybeans had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed roasted soybeans. Apparent digestibilities of DM, N and GE were greater for diets with extruded soybeans than diets with roasted soybeans and diets with soybean meal and soybean oil were intermediate. The response to extrusion processing was greater with -K than +K soybeans, with pigs fed extruded -K soybeans having the greatest growth performance and nutrient digestibilities and lowest skin-fold thickness of any treatment. In conclusion, extrusion yielded a full-fat soy product of greater nutritional value than roasting. Also, selection against genetic expression of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor improved nutritional value of the resulting soybean preparations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in four sources of full-fat soybeans (FFSB) and in one source of soybean meal (SBM). The FFSB had different concentrations of trypsin inhibitor units (TIU) and included two sources of conventional FFSB, and two sources of a soybean variety that was selected for a reduced concentration of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. The conventional FFSB was either low temperature-processed (LT-FFSB-CV; 37.7% CP, 35.4 TIU/mg) or high temperature-processed (HT-FFSB-CV; 40.5% CP, 4.4 TIU/mg). The low-Kunitz FFSB was also either low temperature-processed (LT-FFSB-LK; 36.2% CP, 23.5 TIU/mg) or high temperature-processed HT-FFSB-LK; (38.2% CP, 4.0 TIU/mg). The SBM contained 47.5% CP and 3.20 TIU/mg. Twelve weanling barrows (initial BW: $11.1{\pm}1.3\;kg$) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. Pigs were allotted to a replicated $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with six diets and six periods per square. Five diets were prepared using each of the soybean sources as the only source of AA in the diet. An N-free diet was also included in the experiment to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. The two low temperature-processed FFSB had lower (p<0.05) AID and SID values for all indispensable AA than the two high temperature-processed FFSB and SBM. The SID values for all indispensible AA except Trp were greater (p<0.05) in LT-FFSB-LK than in LT-FFSB-CV, but the SID of AA in HT-FFSB-CV and HT-FFSB-LK were not different. The SID of AA in SBM were not different from the SID in HT-FFSB-CV and in HT-FFSB-LK. Results of this experiment show that a reduction of the TIU from 35.4 to 23.5 TIU/mg will improve the SID of AA, but this reduction is not sufficient to completely ameliorate the negative impact of trypsin inhibitors. Results also show that the SID of AA in high temperature-processed FFSB is similar to that in de-hulled SBM.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2019

콩[Glycine max (L.) Merr. 2n=40]은 국내에서 벼 다음으로 많이 재배되고 있는 식량작물이며 성숙 콩 종실에는 3대 영양소외 페놀성 화합물, 이소플라본, 사포닌, 루테인 토코페롤, 피틴산, 루테인, 안토시아닌등 생리활성 물질이 다양하게 존재하지만 기능성과 가공 적성 및 품질을 저해시키는 성분들도 다수 존재한다. 성숙 콩 종실에서 품질, 기능성 및 가공 적성을 저하시키는 KTI 단백질이 없으면서 난소화성 올리고당인 stachyose 함량이 낮은 속 푸른 검정콩 유전자형을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 3개의 모본으로 육종집단을 창성하여 검정종피, 녹색자엽 및 KTI 단백질이 없는 11개의 $F_2$ 종자를 얻었고 stachyose 함량이 낮은 2개의 계통을 선발하여 농업형질 평가를 통하여 검정 종피, 녹색자엽, stachyose 함량이 낮은 titirs2rs2 유전자형을 가진 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 계통의 초장은 66 cm 정도였으며 백립중은 28.4 g으로 대립이었으며 종피색과 제색은 모두 검정색이었고 성숙 자엽색은 녹색이었다. 선발된 계통의 stachyose 함량은 일반품종(13.01-16.81 g/kg)보다 매우 낮은 2.59(g/kg)이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 선발된 계통은 Kunitz Trypsine Inhibitor (KTI) 단백질이 없으며 난소화성 올리고당인 stachyose 성분의 함량이 낮고 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 기능성 고품질 유색콩 육성을 위한 중간모본으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.