• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of customized foot orthotics on lower extremity muscle activity and fatigue during march in combat boots. Four volunteers with normal foot and five volunteers with excessive pronation foot among soldiers on service were fitted with foot orthotics. The electromyography signal from activity of low extremity muscles were collected with surface electromyography device during walking on the treadmill. The walk on the treadmill was performed with a speed of 4.5 km/h. The experiment design for reseach wes composed two experimentation. The first experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between normal foot and excessive pronator foot during march. The second experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between wearing orthotics and no wearing orthotics. These data were analyzed by the averaged integral EMG and the mean power frequency. The analyzed results were compared by independent T-test method and paired T-test method of SPSS(windows version 12.0). The result of the study were the muscle activity on pronator foot tend to increase during march but a statistically significant increase in muscle fatigue of vastus lateralis and fibularis longus. A statistically significant decrease in muscle activity of anterior tibialis and fibularis longus and fatigue occurred using the customized foot orthotics in volunteers with excessive pronation foot compared to volunteers with normal foot. Clinically, the application of orthotics for the soldiers with excessive pronation foot appears to delay muscle fatigue and prevent from variable foot injuries. This may contribute to enhancing fighting efficiency.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the lower extremity function of stroke patients. Methods : Domestic data were gathered from studies that conducted clinical trials associated with transcranial direct current stimulation and its impact on lower extremity function of stroke patients. A total of 592 studies published between 2012 and 2020 were identified, with 7 studies satisfying the inclusion data. The studies consisted of patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) data. The search outcomes were items associated with muscle activity, balance, muscle strength and walking ability. Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) was used to evaluate the quality of 3 randomized control trials. The quality of 4 non-randomized control trials was evaluated using risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies (RoBANS). Effect sizes in this study were computed as the corrected standard mean difference (SMD). A random-effect model was used to analyze the effect size because of the high heterogeneity among the studies. Egger's regression and 'trim-and-fill' tests were carried out to analyze the publishing bias. Results : The following factors had a large total effect size (Hedges's g=2.10, 95 %CI=1.54~2.66) involving transcranial direct current stimulation on stroke patients: muscle activity (Hedges's g=2.38, 95 %CI=1.08~3.68), balance (Hedges's g4=2.41, 95 %CI=1.33~3.60), walking ability (Hedges's g=1.54, 95 %CI=0.49~2.59), and muscle strength (Hedges's g=2.45, 95 % CI: 0.85~4.05). Egger's regression test showed that the publishing bias had statistically significant differences but 'trim-and-fill' test showed that there was still statistical difference. Conclusion : This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the lower extremity in terms of muscle activity, balance, walking ability, and muscle strength in stroke patients. However, due to the low quality of studies and high heterogeneity factors, the results of our study should be interpreted cautiously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.1032-1045
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• 2022

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in elderly patients. Lower-extremity CT angiography (LE-CTA) can be useful for detecting PAD and planning its treatment. PAD can also be accurately evaluated on reconstructed monoenergetic images (MEIs) from low kiloelectron volt (keV) to high keV images using dual-energy CT. Low keV images generally provide higher contrast than high keV images but also feature more severe image noise. The noise-reduced virtual MEI reconstruction algorithm, called the Mono+ technique, was recently introduced to overcome such image noise. Therefore, this pictorial review aimed to present the imaging findings of PAD on LE-CTA and compare low and high keV images with those subjected to the Mono+ technique. We found that, in many cases, the overall and segmental image qualities were better and metal artifacts and venous contamination were decreased in the high keV images.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.135-142
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate on the hominis placenta pharmacopuncture of FBSS patient who were diagnosed as the cauda equina syndrome which has been described as a complex of low back pain, bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia and hypoesthesia in the lower extremity with bladder and bowel incontinence. Methods : The patient was treated with hominis placenta parmacopuncture at Samchosu($BL_{22}$), Shinsu($BL_{23}$), Sangryo($BL_{31}$), Charyo($BL_{32}$), Jungryo($BL_{33}$) and Haryo($BL_{34}$) with oriental medical conservative treatment. We estimated by visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index and nerve level dermatome test for evaluate the effect of Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture with oriental conservative treatment. Results : After treatment, patient's visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index score, bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia and hypoesthesia in the lower extremity with bladder and bowel incontinence were generally decreased. Conclusions : The hominis placenta pharmacopuncture with oriental medical conservative treatment might be an effective method to treat the FBSS patient who were diagnosed as the cauda equina syndrome.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 2010

Purpose: One of the most common cause of upper extremity lymphedema is breast cancer surgery. We experienced the nerve entrapment syndrome which was associated with postmastectomy lymphedema. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of lymphedema induced nerve entrapment syndrome on upper extremity in Korea. Methods: A 54-year-old woman presented with a tingling sensation on her right hand, which had been present for 1 year. On her history, she had a postmastectomy lymphedema on her right upper extremity for 20 years. Initial electromyography (EMG) showed that the ampulitude of the median, ulnar, and dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve were decreased, and conduction block was also seen in median nerve across the wrist. In needle EMG, incomplete interference patterns were observed in the muscles innervated by median and ulnar nerves. In conclusion, electrophysiologic study and clinical findings suggested right median and ulnar neuropathy below the elbow. Therefore, we performed surgical procedures, which were release of carpal tunnel, Guyon's canal, and cubital tunnel. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful until the first two years. The tingling sensation and claw hand deformity were improved, however, the motor function decreased progressively. In 7 years after the operation, patient could not flex her wrist and thumb sufficiently. EMG which was performed recently showed that ulnar motor response was of low ampulitude. Moreover, median, ulnar, dorsal ulnar cutaneous, lateral antecubital cutaneous and median antebrachial cutaneous sensory response were unobtainable. Abnormal spontaneous activities were observed in upper arm muscles. In conclusion, multiple neuropathies were eventually developed at above elbow level. Conclusion: On treating nerve entrapments associated with lymphedema, medical professionals should be fully aware of the possibility of unpredictable results after the surgery, because of the pathophysiologic traits of chronic lymphedema.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the 8.5seconds cut-off of the 8-foot up-and-go test as a predictor of falling and a good discriminator of fallers and non-fallers in women in their 60s to 80s. METHODS: The final subjects of this study were 98 elderly women from six senior centers of B metropolitan city. The 8-foot up-and-go test evaluated agility and dynamic balance. The chair-stand test measured the muscle strength for of the lower body. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were measured to assess the ankle mobility of the subjects in this study. RESULTS: The below 8.5seconds group showed significantly low values in age and high values in chair-stand (times/30 s), plantar flexion ($^{\circ}$), and K-MMSE (score) compared to the over 8.5seconds group. This group was significantly faster compared to the over 8.5seconds group. In the below 8.5seconds group, only plantar flexion ($^{\circ}$) of all the items showed significantly higher values among those in their 60s compared to those in their 70s and 80s. CONCLUSION: The 8.5seconds cut-off on the 8-foot up-and-go test as a good discriminator and predictor of falling showed differences among fall risk factors (age, lower extremity strength, cognition, and ankle mobility) in women in their 60s to 80s without having regular exercise and a fall experience over the past ones year.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.321-325
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• 1978

Coarctation of the aorta was rare condition among the congenital cardiovascular defects in Korea. We experienced a case of coarctatlon of the aorta [postductal type], which was successfully corrected by resection and end to end anastomosis. This patient, 21 years male patient, was admitted to the medical department for evaluation of hypertension, headache and exertional dyspnea during 4 years, and transferred to the department of chest surgery for operation. On physical examination, blood pressures were measured on both extremity, measuring 190/100mmHg on the arm and 100/80mmHg on the leg. Systolic murmur was heard on 2nd to 3rd left intercostal space and left sternal border. On simple chest x-ray, rib notching was seer/on low border of right 3rd and left 4th rib. Final preoperative diagnosis was made by the retrograde aortic catheterization and aortography, which showed the typical configuration of postductal type of coarctation with poststenotic dilatation of the aorta. On 20th, July, 1978, under the general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, resection of coarctation of the aorta and end to end anastomosis was performed. During clamp for resection, blood pressure of upper extremity was elevated to 200/140mmHg, and controlled by Arfornad. During recovery, blood pressure over 160ramrig in systole was controlled by Reserpine for 8days postoperatively. At discharge, postoperative 8th day, brachial and femoral artery pressure was 145/85 mmHg and 135/80mmHg. After discharge, there was no evidence of specific symptoms and hypertension without antihypertensive drug.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.826-841
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the functional utility of movement in sleeve from an ergonomic viewpoint. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are. 1. The expansion rate of upper extremity was higher in length than in circumference mesurements. The amounts of expansion were, especially high (more than 60mm) for inner arm length, axillary arm circumference, and outer arm length. Therefore, a lot of ease is necessary for these parts. On the other hand, armhole circumference, forearm circumference, and wrist circumference had low rates of expansion. The sleeve cap length was also contracted in all motions. 2. The expansion rate and the range of expansion and contraction were higher in the upper arm than in the forearm. The main points of expansion were the axillary and elbow parts. The segment of maximum expansi (rate of 44.8%) was Iii of axillary parts. As the body surface expands mainly in some segments, it is desirable to allow ease to the main segments of expansion. 3. In a basic sleeve, necessary ease was lacking in the measurements for outer arm length and axillary arm circumference, while it was too large in armhole circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference, and sleeve cap length. Therefore, a basic sleeve is inadequate as a functional sleeve for hard work in point of functional utility of movement. Wider application of these findings would lead to an improvement in the comfort of workers.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

Thigh perforator flaps are used popularly, because they have a small thickness, a long vascular pedicle and a low rate of donor site morbidity. Among thigh perforator flaps, anterolateral thigh perforator flaps are generally used, but it is not easy to dissect the vastus lateralis muscle to find the vasuclar pedicle. The authors have planed 11 anteromedial thigh perforator flaps that have septocutaneous perforators. We were able to find anteromedial thigh perforators in 8 cases(72.7%). The perforators originated from the medial descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in 2 cases and a branch to the rectus femoris muscle in 6 cases. Of this type of surgery, 7 flaps survived. However, 1 flap failed because of arterial insufficiency. We believe the anteromedial thigh perforator flap is a good option when the thigh region is decided as a donor site, but surgeons should keep in mind that the perforator of anteromedial thigh flap may be absent.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.314-323
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to identify skin hydration status and skin surface pH according to the body parts of the aged with immobilization. Methods: The subjects were 101 aged patients in a hospital and a institution for the elderly in Seoul. Data for skin hydration and skin surface pH were collected using corneo-meter and skin pH-meter. The body parts of measurement were 10 parts; face, forearm, back of the hand, flank, upper abdomen, leg, back of the foot, heel, scapular, and sacrum. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Skin hydration status were relatively low especially on lower extremity and back of body, and skin surface pH of scapular and sacrum were high. There was significant negative correlation between skin hydration status and skin surface pH on the 6 body parts. Conclusion: Skin hydration status and skin surface pH, especially on scapular, sacrum, and lower extremity need to be considered as important control factors for increasing skin health status of the aged with immobilization.