• Title/Summary/Keyword: Loss of area

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Earthquake Loss Estimation of the Gyeongju Area using the Deterministic Method in HAZUS (HAZUS의 결정론적 방법을 이용한 경주지역의 지진재해예측)

  • Kang, Su-Young;Kim, Kwang-Hee;Suk, Bong-Chool;Yoo, Hai-Soo
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.597-600
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    • 2008
  • Observed ground motions from the January 2007 magnitude 4.9 Odaesan earthquake and the events occurring in the Gyeongsang provinces are compared with the previously proposed ground attenuation relationships in the Korean Peninsula to select most appropriate one. The selected relationship from the ones for the Korean Peninsula has been compared with attenuation relationships available in HAZUS. Then, the attenuation relation for the Western United States proposed by Sadigh et al.(1997) for the Site Class B has been selected for this study. It has been used for the earthquake loss estimation of the Gyeongju area located in southeast Korea using the deterministic method in HAZUS with a scenario earthquake (M=6.7). Application of the improved methodology for loss estimation in Korea will help decision makers for planning disaster responses and hazard mitigation.

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Utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Technique Comparative Analysis of Soil Erosion Risk in the Geumhogang Riparian Area (범용토양유실공식(RUSLE) 기법을 활용한 금호강 수변지역의 토양유실위험도 비교 분석)

  • Kim, Jeong-Cheol;Yoon, Jung-Do;Park, Jeong-Soo;Choi, Jong-Yun;Yoon, Jong-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.34 no.2_1
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    • pp.179-190
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is an analysis of the risk of soil erosion before and after the maintenance of riparian area using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model based on GIS and digitizing data. To analysis of soil erosion loss in the study area, land cover maps, topographical maps, soil maps, precipitation and other data were used. After digitizing the riparian area of the Geumhogang, the area is divided into administrative district units, respectively. Amount of soil loss was classified into 5 class according to the degree of loss. Totally, 1 and 5 class were decreased, and 2-4 class were increased. Daegu and Yeongcheon decreased the area of 5 class, and Gyeongsan did not have area of 5 class. The reason for this is thought to be the decrease of the 5 class area due to the park construction, expansion of artificial facilities, and reduction of agricultural land. Simplification of riverside for river dredging and park construction has increased the flow rate of the riverside and it is considered that the amount of soil erosion has increased.

Physalin D inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss via regulating calcium signaling

  • Ding, Ning;Lu, Yanzhu;Cui, Hanmin;Ma, Qinyu;Qiu, Dongxia;Wei, Xueting;Dou, Ce;Cao, Ning
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.154-159
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    • 2020
  • We investigated the effects of physalin A, B, D, and F on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). The biological functions of different physalins were first predicted using an in silico bioinformatic tool (BATMAN-TCM). Afterwards, we tested cell viability and cell apoptosis rate to analyze the cytotoxicity of different physalins. We analyzed the inhibitory effects of physalins on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis from mouse bone-marrow macrophages (BMMs) using a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain. We found that physalin D has the best selectivity index (SI) among all analyzed physalins. We then confirmed the inhibitory effects of physalin D on osteoclast maturation and function by immunostaining of F-actin and a pit-formation assay. On the molecular level, physalin D attenuated RANKL-evoked intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation by inhibiting phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) and thus blocked the downstream activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK)IV and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). An animal study showed that physalin D treatment rescues bone microarchitecture, prevents bone loss, and restores bone strength in a model of rapid bone loss induced by soluble RANKL. Taken together, these results suggest that physalin D inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss via suppressing the PLCγ2-CaMK-CREB pathway.

Off-design performance analysis of radial inflow turbines with or without variable area guide vane (가변안내깃이 존재하거나 없는 구심터빈의 탈설계 성능해석)

  • 한기수;김광호
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.2171-2180
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    • 1991
  • An analysis model for off-design performance of radial inflow turbines with or without variable area guide vane is developed, where two important factors in loss models, total pressure ratio between variable area guide vane exit and scroll casing inlet and rotor loss coefficient are determined without experimental data. The analysis results show that the predicted trends with or without variable area guide vane are consistent with the experimental observations. The comparison of present method with the well-known NASA off-design performance analysis program shows that the mass flow rate and static efficiency by present analysis are in good agreement with those by the NASA program. Therefore, this method can be used to predict off-design performance of radial inflow turbines with validity of the loss models used by present analysis.

Analytical Study on the Compressure Flow Through a Double Orifice (이중 Orifice를 지나는 압축성 유동에 관한 해석적 연구)

  • 김희동;김태호;우선훈
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 1997
  • The flow choking in a double orifice is expected to depend on cross-sectional area ratios of the orifices, upstream Mach number and total pressure loss between the orifices. However, no research has been reported on the problems of the compressible flow through a double orifice so far. The present study investigated analytically the choke conditions of the compressible gas through a double orifice, using a simple compressible theory. The orifice area ratio, upstream Mach number, and total pressure loss were involved to find the effects that they have on the flow choking. The results of analytical method show that for orifice area ratios below 1.0, flow choking moves from the first to the second orifice as the total pressure loss increases, however, for orifice area ratios over 1.0, it occurs only at the second orifice.

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The Influences of Loss Experiences and Depression on Ego-integrity and Transcendence of Elderly Korean Men and Women (남녀노인의 상실경험과 우울이 자아통합감과 초월에 미치는 영향)

  • An, Jeong-Shin;Park, Gyu-Ri
    • The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.405-418
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to explore the influences of loss experiences and depression on ego-integraty and transcendence of elderly Koreans and to identify gender differences in the relationships among loss experiences, depression, ego-integrity, and transcendence from 146 men and 194 women aged over 60 years in Busan, Gyeong-Nam, and Gyeong-Buk area. The main results were as follows: elderly men reported more loss experiences and transcendence than elderly women. Next, loss experiences influenced ego-integrity and depression mediated the relationship between loss experiences and ego-integrity. Also, ego-integrity had a direct effect on transcendence. Last, depression of elderly men fully mediated the relationship between loss experiences and transcendence. The relationship between loss experiences and ego-integration was partially mediated by depression for elderly women. These results were discussed in terms of gero-education and elderly welfare.

Estimation of Soil Loss by Land Use in the Geum River Basin using RUSLE Model (RUSLE 모델을 이용한 금강 유역의 토지 이용별 토사유출량 추정)

  • Park, Jisang;Kim, Geonha
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.619-625
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    • 2006
  • Amount of soil loss is important information for the proper water quality management, In this research, annual average soil loss of the Geum River basin was estimated using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and GIS (Geographic Information System). Input data were manipulated using ArcGIS ver. 8.3. From crop field which constitute 8.2% of the Geum River Basin, annual average soil loss was estimated as 53.6 ton/ha/year. From the rice paddy field which constitutes 20% of the Geum River Basin, soil loss was estimated as 33.5 ton/ha/year, In comparison, forestry area which constitutes 61.8% of the basin discharged 2.8 ton/ha/year, It could be known from this research that appropriate measures should be implemented to prevent excessive soil loss from the agricultural areas.

An Estimation of Head Loss Coefficients at Continuous Circular Manhole (연속 맨홀에서의 손실계수 산정)

  • Yoon, Young-Noh;Kim, Jung-Soo;Han, Chyung-Such;Yoon, Sei-Eui
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.731-734
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    • 2008
  • Urban sewer systems are designed to operate in open-channel flow regime and energy loss at circular manholes are usually not significant. However, the energy loss at manholes, often exceeding the friction loss of pipes under surcharge flow, is considered as one of the major causes of inundation in urban area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the head loss associated with manholes, especially in surcharge flow. Hydraulic experimental apparatus with two circular manholes was installed for this study. The range of the experimental discharges were from $1.0\ell/sec$ to $4.4\ell/sec$. Head loss coefficient was maximum because of strong oscillation of water surface when the range of manhole depth ratios$(h_m/D_{in})$ were from 1,2 to 1.25. The average head loss coefficients for upstream manhole and downstream manhole were 0.58 and 0.23 respectively. Head loss at upstream manhole is nearly 2.5 times more than one at downstream manhole.

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Estimation of Soil Loss Changes and Sediment Transport Path Using GIS and Multi-Temporal RS data (GIS 및 다시기 RS 자료를 이용한 토양손질량 변화 및 이동경로 추정)

  • 권형중;박근애;김성준
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.139-152
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to estimate temporal soil loss change according to long-term land cover changes using G1S and RS. Revised USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation) factors were prepared by using point rainfall data, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), soil map and land cover map. During the past two decades, land cover changes were traced by using Landsat MSS and TM data. As a result, forest area in 2000 has decreased 25.3 $km^2$ compared with that in 1990. Soil loss has decreased 3751.2 tou/yr. On the other hand, upland area has increased 22.5 $km^2$. Soil loss of upland has increased 5395.4 to/yr. Therefore, soil loss in 2000 increased 6.3 kg/$m^2$/yr compared with that in 1990. This was mainly caused by the increased upland area.

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Application of RUSLE to Estimate Annual Soil Loss from Small Agricultural Watersheds (농업 소유역의 토양유실량 예측을 위한 RUSLE의 적용)

  • 최중대;양재의;최병용;최경진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 1999.10c
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    • pp.771-776
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    • 1999
  • RUSLE was applied to estimate annual soil loss from two small agricultural watersheds in Kangwon-do, Korea. GIS input parameters were prepared by using DEMs and soil maps prepared by the NGIS project and Rural Development Adminstration, respoctively. RUSLE parameters were prepared based on existing data and equations. Estimated annual soil loss was graphically presented to easily visualize the large soil loss area. Uplands and vineyards proved to be the two greatest sources for soil erosion. It was suggested to develop effective management practices to reduce the soil erosion from uplands and vineyards.

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