• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin with increased transepidermal water loss. Both an abnormal inflammatory response and a defective skin barrier are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is activated by both trypsin and a specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV-$NH_2$. PAR2 is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis and regulates inflammatory responses and barrier homeostasis. In this study, we show that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits the PAR2-mediated signal pathway and plays a role in skin barrier recovery in atopic dermatitis. Specifically, NDGA reduces the mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes by down-regulating inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-8, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Also, NDGA decreases the protein expression of involucrin, a differentiation maker of keratinocyte, in both HaCaT keratinocytes and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We examined NDGA-recovered skin barrier in atopic dermatitis by using an oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model in hairless mice. Topical application of NDGA produced an increase in transepidermal water loss recovery and a decrease in serum IgE level, without weight loss. Accordingly, we suggest that NDGA acts as a PAR2 antagonist and may be a possible therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.214.3-215
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objective: This study observed the effects of cooking method and final core temperature on cooking loss, lipid oxidation, aroma volatiles, nucleotide-related compounds and aroma volatiles of Hanwoo brisket (deep pectoralis). Methods: Deep pectoralis muscles (8.65% of crude fat) were obtained from three Hanwoo steer carcasses with $1^+$ quality grade. Samples were either oven-roasted at $180^{\circ}C$ (dry heat) or cooked in boiling water (moist heat) to final core temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ (medium) or $77^{\circ}C$ (well-done). Results: Boiling method reduced more fat but retained more moisture than did the oven roasting method (p<0.001), thus no significant differences were found on cooking loss. However, samples lost more weight as final core temperature increased (p<0.01). Further, total saturated fatty acid increased (p = 0.02) while total monounsaturated fatty acid decreased (p = 0.03) as final core temperature increased. Regardless the method used for cooking, malondialdehyde (p<0.01) and free iron contents (p<0.001) were observed higher in samples cooked to $77^{\circ}C$. Oven roasting retained more inosinic acid, inosine and hypoxanthine in samples than did the boiling method (p<0.001), of which the concentration decreased as final core temperature increased except for hypoxanthine. Samples cooked to $77^{\circ}C$ using oven roasting method released more intense aroma than did the others and the aroma pattern was discriminated based on the intensity. Most of aldehydes and pyrazines were more abundant in oven-roasted samples than in boiled samples. Among identified volatiles, hexanal had the highest area unit in both boiled and oven-roasted samples, of which the abundance increased as the final core temperature increased. Conclusion: The boiling method extracted inosinic acid and rendered fat from beef brisket, whereas oven roasting intensified aroma derived from aldehydes and pyrazines and prevented the extreme loss of inosinic acid.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1111-1133
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• 2015

Rebar corrosion in concrete is one of the main causes of reduction of service life of reinforced concrete buildings. This paper presents the influence of rebar corrosion on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings subjected to strong earthquake ground motion. Different levels of rebar corrosion scenarios were applied on a typical four story RC frame. The deteriorated conditions as a result of these scenarios include loss in cross-sectional area and loss of mechanical properties of the reinforcement bars, loss in bond strength, and loss in concrete strength and its modulus of elasticity. Dynamic analyses of the frame with different corrosion scenarios are performed with selected strong earthquake ground motion records. The influences of degradation in both concrete and reinforcement on structural behavior are investigated by comparing the various parameters of the frame under different corrosion scenarios with respect to each other. The results show that the progressive deterioration of the frame due to rebar corrosion causes serious structural behavior changes such as change in failure mode. The intensity, propagation time, and extensity of rebar corrosion have very important effects on the level of degradation of steel and concrete, as well as on the earthquake behavior of the structure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1976

한국(韓國)의 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실자(勞動能力喪失者)의 빈도(頻度)와 원인(原因)을 조사(調査) 파악(把握)함으로써 그 관리방안(管理方案)의 모색(模索)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 함이 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 목적(目的)이다. 조사대상(調査對象)은 1974년(年) 전국대학생(全國大學生) 하계연합봉사국(夏季聯合奉仕國)의 활동지역(活動地域)이었던 81개군내(個郡內)의 대상(對象) 지역사회(地域社會)에서 제비를 뽑아 선택(選擇)된 총(總) 4,174가구(家口)의 전가일원(全家日員)인 총(總) 27,172명(名)이었다. 조사원(調査員)으로서의 대학생(大學生) 1명당(名當) 1가구(家口)씩을 방문(訪問)하여 가구원중(家口員中)의 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실자(勞動能力喪失者)의 유무(有無), 있는 경우 그 원인(原因) 및 시작연령(始作年齡) 등을 조사(調査)하였으며 그 성적(成績)의 개요(槪要)는 다음과 같다. 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실자(勞動能力喪失者)(가구당(家口當) $1{\sim}4$명(名))가 있는 가구(家口)는 전체적(全體的)으로 8.9%로 나타났다. 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실자(勞動能力喪失者)의 전체적(全體的)인 조유병률(粗有病率)은 1,000당(當) 15.1로 나타났으며, 연령표준화율(年齡標準化率)로 본 성별(性別) 유병률(有病率)(1,000당(當))은 남(男) 16.3, 여(女) 13.4로 나타났다. 그리고 그 율(率)은 연령(年齡)의 증가(增加)에 따라 점차 증가(增加)되었다. 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실(勞動能力喪失)의 원인별(原因別) 유병률(有病率)(1,000당(當))을 보면 노쇠(老衰) 10.2, 사지장애(四肢障碍) 2.4, 내장기계(內臟器系)의 만성질환(慢性疾患) 1.2, 근육골격계(筋肉骨格系)의 기타(其他) 이상(異常) 0.5, 양면맹(兩眠盲) 0.4, 척추장애(脊椎障碍) 0.2, 정신병(精神病) 0.2 및 전간(癲癎) 0.1의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 그중(中) 사지장애(四肢障碍)의 원인(原因)으로는 뇌졸중증(腦卒中症), 폴리오, 사고(事故), 관절염(關節炎) 및 전상(戰傷) 등으로 나타났다. 원인별(原因別) 및 성별(性別)로 종신적(終身的) 노동능력상실(勞動能力喪失)의 발생연령별(發生年齡別) 빈도비(頻度比)도 계산(計算) 관찰(觀察)하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1999

The effect of irradiation of heat treatment either alone or in combination on the shelf-life of mixed mountain edible herb drinks (MMEHD) was investigated during storage. The MMEHD made from fresh Spuriopinella bracycarpar, Ligularia fischeri and Aster scaber was gamma -irradiated at doses of 0.1 kGy to 1 kGy. Microbial population, color change, vitamin C content, and sensory quality were evaluated during storage at 4, 25 and 35oC. Heated MMEHD induced the growth of total counts, mold and yeast as compared to the non-heated MMEHD. While some reduction in the microbial growth was observed in 1kGy-irradiated groups of both with or without heating. In both groups, L and b values decreased, but a value increased during storage. Also, heating drinks showed increased L and b values and reduced a value, compared to the non-heating drinks. Non-heated drinks showed 82% loss of vitamin C, whereas 25% loss of vitamin C was occurred in the irradiated drinks during storage at 4oC for 4days. In the meanwhile, non-irradiated heating drinks showed 99% loss of vitamin C, but irradiated heating drinks showed 58-65% reduction of vitamin C. Non-irradiated drinks without heating showed more bright color than irradiated ones, but irradiated drinks showed more enhanced brightness during storage. Also, irradiated drinks showed better falvor, sensory quality, and overall acceptability than non-irradiated drinks.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

Soy protein isolate (SPI)-based edible coating, with and without carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were used to reduce oxidative degradation of cut pork stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The SPI coating reduced (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV), compared with controls. The inhibition of TBARS and PV for SPI-coated porks with and without CMC, compared with the control was 19.1 and 23.9, and 25.7 and 37.7%, respectively. The SPI coating prevented loss of $L^*$ and $a^*$ values of porks compared to the control. The ability of the SPI coating to provide a moisture barrier for the porks was reduced (p<0.05). The SPI-coated porks with and without CMC reduced moisture loss by 37.3 and 44.6%, respectively, over the control. However, SPI coating of porks did not inhibit the growth of either total plate counts or L. monocytogenes. The result revealed that SPI can effectively be used as a natural antioxidative coating to extend quality and shelf life of pork.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.616-621
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• 2001

Flow-accelerated corrosion(FAC) is a phenomenon that results in metal loss from piping, vessels, and equipment made of carbon steel. FAC occurs only under certain conditions of flow, chemistry, geometry, and material. Unfortunately, those conditions are in much of the high-energy piping in nuclear and fossil-fueled power plants. Also, for domestic NPP secondary pipings whose operating time become longer, more evidences of FAC have been reported. The authors are studying on FAC management using CHECWORKS, computer code developed by EPRI. This paper is on the prediction results of metal loss by FAC in the one of CANDU type NPP secondary piping systems.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 정기총회 및 창립40주년기념 학술대회 학회본부
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• pp.296-299
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• 1987

The purpose of this paper is to increase the lamp efficacy by filling the optimal Nitrogen gas pressure in the outer enclosure of metal halide lamp. This study presents a new model of Langmuir in the outer enclosure of discharge lamp. In this paper, in the first place, the diameter of Langmuir sheath and the total gab loss were calculated. Secondly, the each gas loss was computed if the arbitrary gas pressure is filled, With the calculated data, flash over which affects the lamp efficacy, lamp life and color rendering was considered. In case of the established discharge lamp, the gab pressure has been filled by experience only roughly. The gas loss is converted into the radiation output. Therefore, the lamp efficacy is improved by reducing the gas loss.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2024

Utilization of additively manufactured parts in intended applications is limited by surface roughness. Roughness reduction in internal surface area of AM parts is exponentially more challenging. Reported methodologies for roughness reduction, result in material loss and limits the operational life of these parts. Herein, we explored electropolishing to reduce surface roughness of SLM manufactured 316L steel. Furthermore, the mass loss incurred during electropolishing is deduced as a function of polishing time. The change in roughness, wettability and surface passivation were studied and discussed in detail.