• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제54권9호
• /
• pp.567-569
• /
• 2005

NARX(Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous input) neural network was used for prediction of nuclear reactor behavior which was influenced by control rods in short-term period and also by the concentration of xenon and boron in long-term period in load following operations. The developed model was designed to predict reactor power, xenon worth and axial offset with different burnup states when control rods and boron were adjusted in load following operations. Data of the Korea Next Generation PWR were collected by ONED94 code. The test results presented exhibit the capability of the NARX neural network model to capture the long term and short term dynamics of the reactor core and the developed model seems to be utilized as a handy tool for the use of a plant simulation.

• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term care hospital nurse's recognition and performance level of hospital infection control. The subjects of the study were 147 long-term care hospital nurses. The period of data collection was from April 1 to 30, 2013. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 program. The result are as followed; First, the total average scores of the recognition and performance by long-term care hospital nurses of hospital infection control were $4.64{\pm}0.32$ and $4.21{\pm}0.23$. Second, recognition of hospital infection control was significantly different according to position and hospital infection control education experience. Performance of hospital infection control was significantly different according to education level and hospital infection control education experience. Third, there was a positive correlation between the degree of recognition and performance of hospital infection control. Therefore, it is suggested to apply the concrete education program to enhance the recognition in order to improve the performance of hospital infection control of the Long-term hospital nurses.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.107-125
• /
• 2016

Long-term variations of $PM_{10}$ and the characteristics of local meteorology related to its concentration changes were analyzed at 4 air quality sites (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, Donghong-dong, and Gosan) in Jeju during two different periods, such as PI (2001-2006) and PII (2007-2013), over a 13-year period. Overall, the long-term trend of $PM_{10}$ was very slightly downward during the whole study period, while the high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in PII were observed more frequently than those in PI. The concentration variations of $PM_{10}$ during the study period was clarified in correlation between $PM_{10}$ and meteorological variables, e.g. the low (high) $PM_{10}$ concentration with large (small) precipitation or high (low) radiation and in part high $PM_{10}$ concentrations (especially, Donghong-dong and Gosan) with strong wind speed and the westerly/northwesterly winds. This was likely to be caused by the transport effect (from the polluted regions of China) rather than the contribution of local emission sources. The $PM_{10}$ concentrations in "Asian dust" and "Haze" weather types were higher, whereas those in "Precipitation", "Fog", and "Thunder and Lighting" weather types were lower. The contribution of long-range transport to the observed $PM_{10}$ levels in the urban center (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, and Donghong-dong), if estimated by comparison to the data of the background site (Gosan), was found to explain about 80% (on average) of its input.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.132-144
• /
• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the medical expense change and influencing factors after introducing longterm care insurance system. The study period was 2 years before and after introduction of the system. Methods: We analyzed data collected from two divided group lived in Incheon. Four hundred and eighty-five elderly who received long-term care wage for one year were selected for experimental group. For control group, 1,940 elderly were selected by gender and age stratified random sampling. Difference-In-difference analyses was used for evaluating policy effectiveness. Also multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with total medical expenditures. The control variables were demographic variables, economic status, diseases, and medical examination variables. Results: Difference-in-difference analyses showed that total average medical expenses among long-term patients has decreased by 61.85%. Of these, the hospitalization expenses have decreased by 91.63% and the drug expenses have increased by 31.85%. Multiple regression analyses results showed that total average medical expenses among long-term patients have significantly decreased by 46.5% after introducing the long-term care insurance. The hospitalization expenses have significantly decreased by 148.5%, whereas the drug expenses have increased by 53.6%. And outpatient expenses have increased by 10.4%, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that total medical expenses and hospitalization expenses have decreased after introducing the long-term care insurance. These results could support the opinion that the health insurance spending among long-term patients will be reduced gradually by long-term care insurance through changing medical demand.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 한국 노인장기요양 서비스 이용 상태의 결정요인과 상태 의존성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 자료를 이용하여 시간이 지남에 따른 서비스 이용 상태간 전환 패턴을 랜덤효과 다항로짓 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 노인장기요양 서비스 이용 상태에 있어 강한 상태 의존성을 확인하였다. 특히 초기 상태에서 노인장기요양보험 이용자는 상태가 지속되는 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 개인의 인구통계학적 특성 중 연령이 높을 수록 노인장기요양보험 이용 상태일 확률이 높아지는 반면 혼인상태에 있는 경우 유의하게 낮았다. 거주지역 경우 도농 복합군 거주자는 준거지역에 비해 노인장기요양보험 이용 상태일 확률이 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 노인장기요양 서비스 이용자가 강한 상태 의존성을 가진다는 사실은 향후 수요예측에 있어 기존 이용자의 이용 기간 증가도 충분히 고려하는 것이 중요함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2005

배경: 관상동맥 우회술 후 장기 생존율에 대한 우리의 보고는 많지 않다. 이 연구는 관상동맥 우회술 시작 초기에 수술 받은 환자들의 장기 생존율을 알아보았다. 대상 뜻 방법: 1990년 12월부터 1995년 12월까지 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 114예(남 79예, 여 35예, 평균연령 58.4세)를 대상으로 하였다. 대부분의 환자가 체외순환 하에 좌측 속가슴동맥과 하지 복재정맥으로 우회로술을 받았고 대동맥 차단상태에서 근위부 및 원위부 문합을 시행하였다. 결과: 평균 $135.5{\pm}17.9$개월의 추적 기간 동안 모두 37예$(32.5\%)$가 사망하였으며, 사망자 중 심장사망은 10예$(27\%)$뿐이었다 수술 후 전체 사망에 대한 1년, 5년, 10년, 13년의 생존율은 각각 $95.6\%,\;85.1\%,\;71.8\%,\;57.9\%$였고, 심장사망에 대한 1년, 5년, 10년, 13년의 생존율은 각각 $97.4\%,\;94.5\%,\;92.1\%,\;81.3\%$였으며, 장기 생존율에 대한 예상인자로는 성별 및 연령이었다 수술 후 관상동맥 조영술 및 중재술의 예상인자는 수술 전의 고혈압, 당뇨병, 고지혈증 등이었다. 결론: 초기의 관상동맥 우회술 후 장기생존율은 다른 보고와 비슷하였으며, 여성에서 장기생존율이 우수하였고 수술 전 고지혈증을 가진 환자에서 수술 후 관상동맥 중재술이 더 많았다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.395-406
• /
• 2006

임상시험 연구나 역학 연구에서 환자들의 예후는 흔히 생존을 추정을 통해 수량화 되곤 한다. 하지만 코호트 분석이나 완전분석에 의한 생존율 추정량들은 수년 전에 진단된 환자에 크게 의존하기 때문에 실제 생존율보다 더 낮게 추정하곤 한다. 본 연구에서는 최근의 생존정보를 잘 반영하는 생존을 추정을 위해 기간분석 방법을 통한누적한계 추정량을 제안하였고, 그 방법을 1993년 1월-1997년 12월 사이에 조사된 서울시 암등록 자료(Ahn등, 2002)에 적용하여 결과를 고찰하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the changes of rice qualities during 4 years storage of paddy in warehouse of normal temperature condition. As storage period go by, head ratio was deduced and broken rice was increased according as a change of temperature during the long term storage. A color of rice was became more dark gray than that of entering time as L value was decreased from 64.07 to 61.62 a 4 years late. As a results of studies on the cooking quality of milled rice, water uptake ratio and expanded volume were increased in proporation to storage period, wherease total solids and iodine blue value were decreased. In the characteristic of texture of cooked rice, viscosity/hardness ratio(-H/H) had a decreasing tendency, while adhesiveness and cohesiveness increased with increased storage time. The qualities of cooked milled rice studied were sensory attributies of odor, taste, stickiness and appearance which were evaluvated by multiple comparsion method. The sensory results showed that all of descriptions were deterirated with a increased storage period. The taste and stickiness were changed from good score to bad score a 2 years later.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2008

In order to clarify characteristics of variation in wind energy over a long-term period, an investigation was carried out at Seoguang site on Jeju island. The wind data for 10 years from Automatic Weather System (AWS) were analyzed for each year. The variation in the annual energy production (AEP) for the 2 MW wind turbine was estimated through statistical work. The result shows that the range of the yearly average wind speed at 15 m above ground level for 10 years was from -22.6% to +13.7%, which is wider range than that in Japan. The coefficient of variation for the AEP was 22.7%, which is about twice of that for the yearly average wind speed. Therefore, for estimating the wind energy potential accurately at a given site, the wind data should be analyzed over a long-term period based on the data from the meteorological station.

• 비만대사연구학술지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2023

Compensatory changes in energy consumption and neuro-hormonal changes following weight loss make it difficult to maintain the reduced weight and may cause weight regain. Therefore, establishing a long-term weight control plan and strategy starting from the initial weight loss period is necessary. Both the patient and doctor should know that weight loss cannot occur continuously, and that maintaining weight after the weight loss period is the basic course of obesity treatment. No single dietary pattern is effective for weight maintenance, and a variety of dietary control methods - such as calorie restriction and healthy proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and meal replacements - should be used to target an integrated and healthy dietary habit. An increase in physical activity is needed for weight loss and maintenance; however, rather than recommending an excessive amount of exercise, it is better to set realistic and long-term achievable goals. It is necessary to reset the goal according to the patient's weight maintenance stage and continuously apply behavioral therapies, such as self-monitoring and stress management. In previous studies, since the degree of weight loss and changes in behavioral patterns over the course of one year were important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss, obesity therapists should closely examine patient data and behavioral patterns across a period of one year and actively intervene when needed.