• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

This work tackles the problem of conventional reinforcement learning scheme which has a relatively long training time to reduce energy consumption in underwater network. The enhanced scheme adjusts the learning range of reinforcement learning based on distance estimation. It can be reduce the scope of learning. To take account the fact that the distance estimation may not be accurate due to the underwater wireless network characteristics. this research added noise in consideration of the underwater environment. In simulation result, the proposed AQ-NAV scheme has completed learning much faster than existing method. AQ-NAV can finish the training process within less than 40 episodes. But the existing method requires more than 120 episodes. The result show that learning is possible with fewer attempts than the previous one. If AQ-NAV will be applied in Underwater Networks, It will affect energy efficiency. and It will be expected to relieved existing problem and increase network efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to examine how decline of visual function affects visual perception by assessing visual perception after improving visual function through visual training, and observing the change in the cognitive ability of visual perception. Methods: This study analyzes the visual perceptual evaluation (TVPS_R) of 23 children below age 13($8.75{\pm}1.66$) who have visual abnormalities, and improves visual function after conducting vision training (vision therapy) of the children. Results: Convergence increased from average $3.39{\pm}2.52{\Delta}$ (prism) to $13.87{\pm}6.04{\Delta}$ in the measurement of long-distance disparate points, and from average $5.48{\pm}3.42{\Delta}$ to $18.43{\pm}7.58{\Delta}$ in the measurement of short-distance disparate points. Short-distance diplopia points increased from $25.87{\pm}7.33cm$ to $7.48{\pm}2.87cm$, and as for accommodative insufficiency, short-distance blur points increased from $19.57{\pm}7.16cm$ to $7.09{\pm}1.88cm$. In the visual perceptual evaluation performed before and after improving visual function, 6 items except visual memory showed statistically significant improvement. By order of significant improvement, response gap was highest with $17.74{\pm}16.94$(p=0.000) in visual closure, followed by $15.65{\pm}17.11$(p=0.000) in visual sequential-memory, $13.65{\pm}16.63$(p=0.001) in visual figure-ground, $12.74{\pm}18.41$(p=0.003) in visual form-constancy, $6.48{\pm}10.07$ (p=0.005) in visual discrimination, and $4.17{\pm}9.33$(p=0.043) in visual spatial-relationship. In the visual perception quotient that added up these scores, the response gap was $15.22{\pm}8.66$(p=0.000), showing a more significant result. Conclusions: Vision training enables efficient visual processing and improves visual perceptual ability. It was confirmed that improvement of visual function through visual training not only improves abnormal visual function but also affects visual perception of children such as learning, perception and recognition.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2000

The main purpose of this thesis was to provide a basis to investigate the effectiveness of regular exercises on basic physical fitness for middle school students. 40 second graders from a middle school were chosen randomly and divided into 4 groups-wrestling group, basketball group, jogging group, and control group. The first three groups have been trained 4 times per week for 18 weeks after class to be compared with the comparison group. Pre and post measurements of physical fitness of the subjects were processed by means of the SPSS program. The average and the standard deviation of the measurements of each group were covered with the ANOVA test, according to the periods and the types of training. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was performed to identify the significance of the relationship between training period and improvement in basic sports ability. The conclusions as follows; 1. In the 50 meter sprint, only the wrestling group showed statistical significance, while the other groups showed gradual progress in general. 2. In the standing long jump, there is no group that showed any improvement. 3. In the forward flexion of the trunk, no significance was to be found. 4. In 30-second sit-ups, the wrestling group showed statistical significance. The wrestling group made greater progress than the other groups, and the basketball group and the jogging group also showed rather great progress. 5. In push-ups, statistical significance was found in the groups of wrestling, basketball, and jogging. And the wrestling group came in first, the basketball group second, and the jogging group third on the progress level. 6. In the distance run, the jogging group showed statistical significance and the jogging group made considerable progress. Steady improvement was to be found in the groups of wrestling and basketball.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2023

In middle- and long-distance imaging systems, due to the atmospheric turbulence caused by temperature, wind speed, humidity, and so on, light waves propagating in the air are distorted, resulting in image-quality degradation such as geometric deformation and fuzziness. In remote sensing, astronomical observation, and traffic monitoring, image information loss due to degradation causes huge losses, so effective restoration of degraded images is very important. To restore images degraded by atmospheric turbulence, an image-restoration method based on improved compound multibranch feature fusion (CMFNetPro) was proposed. Based on the CMFNet network, an efficient channel-attention mechanism was used to replace the channel-attention mechanism to improve image quality and network efficiency. In the experiment, two-dimensional random distortion vector fields were used to construct two turbulent datasets with different degrees of distortion, based on the Google Landmarks Dataset v2 dataset. The experimental results showed that compared to the CMFNet, DeblurGAN-v2, and MIMO-UNet models, the proposed CMFNetPro network achieves better performance in both quality and training cost of turbulent-image restoration. In the mixed training, CMFNetPro was 1.2391 dB (weak turbulence), 0.8602 dB (strong turbulence) respectively higher in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and 0.0015 (weak turbulence), 0.0136 (strong turbulence) respectively higher in terms of structure similarity compared to CMFNet. CMFNetPro was 14.4 hours faster compared to the CMFNet. This provides a feasible scheme for turbulent-image restoration based on deep learning.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effect of twelve-week Taekwondo and walking exercises on the double-leg balance control by dividing elderly females into Taekwondo, walking exercise and control groups. In total, 30 elderly females were randomly divided into Taekwondo, walking exercise, and control groups, with 10 subjects in each group. Subjects participating in this study were 10(age $69.4{\pm}5.8$ years), 10(age $71.4{\pm}7.6$ years) and 10(age $70.6{\pm}4.8$ years) in the three groups, respectively. Although the AP measures were not significantly different among the groups and times, the ML RMS distance and ML velocity, among the ML measures showed a significant difference among the groups and times. Average velocity and 95% confidence ellipse area were also significantly different among the groups and times. Twelve-week Taekwondo and walking exercises were found to be effective in improving static balance control. Future studies on the development of a Taekwondo intervention program tailored for the elderly with many subjects conducted by using a long-term training program are expected.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.294-299
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to find out the housing history of Sakhalin returnees since leaving hometown under the Japanese ruling period. Face to face interview had been done with 20 returnees in the community center during October to December, 2008. Personal life as well as housing histories were differed by the reason to move into Sakhalin, which still influenced the returnee' life in Ansan. The housing they had lived changed from barracks like a training camp, to Japanese small wooden cottage/row house, and then Russian brick house/apartment. Housing alteration and addition were common to renew the old house. The boundary of residing area was mostly limited to the first residing location throughout one's life without a long distance move. Housing satisfaction was very high in Gohyangmaeul because of the improvement of housing facilities and residence itself as well as convenience of housing management compared to the residence in Sakhalin. Economic and emotional aspect of life satisfaction were also high through about 8 years of living in. Forced movers still require the compensation on hand no matter the amount.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.2785-2799
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• 2020

We propose a novel speaker adaptation method using acoustic model clustering. The similarity of different speakers is defined by the cosine distance between their i-vectors (intermediate vectors), and various efficient clustering algorithms are applied to obtain a number of speaker subsets with different characteristics. The speaker-independent model is then retrained with the training data of the individual speaker subsets grouped by the clustering results, and an unknown speech is recognized by the retrained model of the closest cluster. The proposed method is applied to a large-scale speech recognition system implemented by a hybrid hidden Markov model and deep neural network framework. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the word error rates using Resource Management database. When the proposed speaker adaptation method using i-vector based clustering was applied, the performance, as compared to that of the conventional speaker-independent speech recognition model, was improved relatively by as much as 12.2% for the conventional fully neural network, and by as much as 10.5% for the bidirectional long short-term memory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 1986

It is very important for a navigator on bridge to know the maneuverability of his ship sufficiently at sea. Generally, the data of a turning circle test have long been used to study and evaluate the maneuverability of a ship. But referring only the data of the turning circle test method, he can not evaluate his ship's maneuvering characteristics sufficiently. So nowaday the test method added Z test to turning circle test for more detail references is considered to be desirable. In this paper, the authors performed PAL test and Z test together in order to study the maneuverability of M. S.Pusan 403, training ship of the National Fisheries University of Pusan. According to the results of PAL test, the rudder effect in port rudder angle of the M. S. Pusan 403 was found to be more effective than that in starboard one, because her changing amounts of angular velocity, turning radius and tangent speed in port rudder angles were found to be larger than those of them in starboard rudder one in unsymmetry. The relation between her drift angle(.8) and rudder angle (0) was found to be changing with .8=0.640 in direct proportion. As it appeared that her calculated K'-values were smaller than the standard K'-values of different kinds of ships in accordance with her Z test, her turning ability was found to be lower. The running distance of a turn in her 10$^{\circ}$ Z test was about 8.3 times her own length and was found not to be exceeded the standard maneuvering distance, therefore she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2016

To satisfy the needs of high-level intelligent surveillance system, it shall be able to extract objects and classify to identify precise information on the object. The representative method to identify one's identity is face recognition that is caused a change in the recognition rate according to environmental factors such as illumination, background and angle of camera. In this paper, we analyze the robust face recognition of face image by changing the distance through a variety of experiments. The experiment was conducted by real face images of 1m to 5m. The method of face recognition based on Linear Discriminant Analysis show the best performance in average 75.4% when a large number of face images per one person is used for training. However, face recognition based on Convolution Neural Network show the best performance in average 69.8% when the number of face images per one person is less than five. In addition, rate of low resolution face recognition decrease rapidly when the size of the face image is smaller than $15{\times}15$.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

As a method of providing lifelong educational opportunities to working professionals, some legal provisions allowing for the establishment and management of an entrusted education system linked with college and corporation was duly approved in 1994. According to the recent trend in the military organization, to provide higher educational opportunities to noncommissioned officers and warrant officers with the purpose of inspiring their spirit and improving military capabilities has been much increased. Professional soldiers such as noncommissioned officers and warrant officers have a lot of problems to continue their attendance at school because of regular military maneuvers, constant alert status and long-term outdoor military training. Even more serious problem is that the current curriculums and some departments in college are not concurrent with the present job specifications and the military specialties of the individual soldier as well. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to introduce a newly revised educational model that provides more viable academic courses and curriculums to military professionals along with a proposal for the establishment and management of long distance educational system within barracks, utilizing the latest information and telecommunication technology.