• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 1997

The visual acuity of filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer was studied through a series of experiments by observing their responses to target plates. The fish were trained to respond to the target plates made of white acrylic resin with a vertical black line 5cm long in the center. The width of the black line ranged from 0.2mm to 8.0 mm. The line width was diminished unto the fish could no longer distinguish the line at a distance of 100 cm from the target plate. This was repeated under light intensities of 400, 20, 5, 3 and 1 lx at the water surface. Fish were rewarded with bait in front of the target plate if the fish went to the target date (i.e., success).The results show that the training effect of 1lensh had a success rate of over 80% and that the reach times to the target plates were 4~5 seconds over 210 experimental tunes. The success rate was high using the thick line with strong apparent contrast, but was low at the 1 lx. The visible critical width of line became thick with decreasing light intensity, 0.24mm at 400 lx, followed by 0.30mm at 20 lx, 0.40mm at 5 lx, 0.46 mm at 3 lx and 2.87mm at 1 lx. The apparent contrast for visible critical width of line increased with decreasing light intensity, 0.01 at 400 and 20 lx, 0.02 at 5 lx, 0.03 at 3 lx and 0.09 at 1 lx. The line acuity of filefish was best 1.21 at the 400 lx, followed by 0.97 at 20 lx, 0.73 at 5 lx, 0.63 at 3 lx and sharply decreased to 0.10 at 1 lx. The visible ranges for 1mm and 6mm in width of line were about 4.2 m and 25.0 m at the 400 lx light intensity and decreased m 1/14 times and 1/12 times of the 400 lx at 1 lx, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine beauty shop workers' views of job. Data were collected from the workers in Seoul, Daegu, Pohang, Junjoo, and Kimhae from June 1, 2000 to August 31, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 28,7% of them was female; 94.2% 'specialized in hair'; 46.4% 'below twenty nine years old'; 47.1% 'married'; 59.7% 'highschool graduate'; 33.9% 'worked for below three years'; 28.5% 'monthly income of five hundred thousand to nine hundred ninety thousand won'; 62.3% 'working for above twelve hours a day' ; 41.0% 'above five workers' ; 40.6% 'working in city'. 2. 54.8% of the respondents thought that they were in good health. 76.3% of them smoked and 54.8% drank. 62.8% of them did not exercise and 78.7% was under stress. 61.5% responded that they chose the job because of its possibility of professional vocation. 91.0% of them obtained the beauty skill from beauty schools. 3. Among the factors which influenced job satisfaction, 'stable job and life security' was highest(43.9%), while 'interest in the job and amount of pay' was lowest(3.2%). 'Personal ability and use of originality' was 19.4% and 'harmonious relationship with fellow workers' was 18.1%. 'Job environment' was 7.1% and 'harmonious relationship with higher workers' was 4.5%. 4. The level workers' view of job was $113.8{\pm}17.3$ points on the basis of 150 points. On the basis of 75 points, each item showed it points in order of self-development($22.3{\pm}3.8$), service for customers($20.1{\pm}3.1$), vocational mission($15.6{\pm}3.1$), harmony with the others($18.9{\pm}3.5$), working environment($18.6{\pm}3.6$), and working condition($14.3{\pm}5.1$). 5. Among the reasons why they considered leaving the job, 24.0% of them considered it because they could not free time, while 15.4% considered it because undesirable living environment or long distance from home. 15.0% thought it because they could not receive proper treatment as much as they worked and 12.8% thought they overworked. 6. When they move into new working places, they consider such factors as good working environment(24.1%), good place to open their own beauty shops(16.7%), good beauty shop to learn beauty skill(15.6%), chance to have job training(9.5%), and close place from home(9.0%). 7. 40.6% of the respondents wanted to leave the job, while 32.3% of them did not want to leave the job. The intention of leaving the displayed significant difference in the variables of age, working period, monthly income, marital status, the number of workers, location of the shop, rank, and reason of selecting the job. 8. According to the results of a regression analysis of factors which influenced job satisfaction, it was affected significantly by intention of leaving job, the number of workers, health condition, level of stress, and monthly income. The beauty shop workers showed low satisfaction level with working environment, working condition, and working mission, They considered leaving the job because of lack of free time, overwork, poor working environment, improper treatment, etc. Therefore, related professionals and organizations must device adequate measures in order to make them work with pride as creators of beauty.