• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2004

It is known that the transportation stress of market pigs can affect their carcass quality and that blood concentrations of glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are indicators of the transportation stress. Fifty-seven gilts and 57 barrows weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly assigned into six groups in a 3 [high (0.31 $m^2/100$ kg BW)-, medium (0.35 $m^2$)- and low (0.39 $m^2$)-stocking densities]${\times}2$[1 h vs. 3 h transportation time] arrangement of treatments. Blood samples were taken during transportation and after 2 h lairage. The percentage of "standing" animals during transportation was less in the low- than in the mediumor high-stocking density; the opposite was true for the "sitting" posture. Plasma concentrations of glucose, CK and LDH increased after loading and declined to the resting levels after lairage. Concentrations of CK and LDH were greater in the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation group. Moreover, the LDH concentration was less in the low- than in the medium- or high-density group. Also detected was a significant interaction between the stocking density and transportation time in all of these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass was greatest in the high-stocking density group. Interestingly, the PSE incidence increased following the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation at the low-density, but not at the medium-density. Results suggest that the medium-density may be preferable to the lowdensity in the long-distance transportation.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.362-366
• /
• 2014

In recent years, a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) has been used in various kinds of transportation applications for its relative high power density and efficiency. The general transportation system arranges the armature on the full length of transportation lines. However, when this method is applied to long distance transportation system, it causes increase of material cost and manufacturing time. Thus, in order to resolve this problem, we suggested stationary discontinuous armature PMLSM. However, the stationary discontinuous armature PMLSM contains the edges which always exist as a result of the discontinuous arrangement of the armature. These edges become a problem because the cogging force that they exert bad influences the controllability of the motor. Therefore, in this paper we proposed the combination of skewed magnets and stair shape auxiliary teeth to reduce the force by edge effect. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of the design factors by using a 3-D finite element method (FEM) simulation tool.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2008

Video image processing systems (VIPS) offer numerous benefits to transportation models and applications, due to their ability to monitor traffic in real time. VIPS based on a wide-area detection algorithm provide traffic parameters such as flow and velocity as well as occupancy and density. However, most current commercial VIPS utilize a tripwire detection algorithm that examines image intensity changes in the detection regions to indicate vehicle presence and passage, i.e., they do not identify individual vehicles as unique targets. If VIPS are developed to track individual vehicles and thus trace vehicle trajectories, many existing transportation models will benefit from more detailed information of individual vehicles. Furthermore, additional information obtained from the vehicle trajectories will improve incident detection by identifying lane change maneuvers and acceleration/deceleration patterns. However, unlike human vision, VIPS cameras have difficulty in recognizing vehicle movements over a detection zone longer than 100 meters. Over such a distance, the camera operators need to zoom in to recognize objects. As a result, vehicle tracking with a single camera is limited to detection zones under 100m. This paper develops a methodology capable of monitoring individual vehicle trajectories based on image processing. To improve traffic flow surveillance, a long distance tracking algorithm for use over 200m is developed with multi-closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras. The algorithm is capable of recognizing individual vehicle maneuvers and increasing the effectiveness of incident detection.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 2016

Shipping related services is attracting attention as a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) application with the recent economy has been generally accepted drones. UAV of the existing military-driven logistics delivery, aerial photography, wireless Internet connection, broadcasting, disaster research, digital maps, transportation, advertising, meteorological, border surveillance, agricultural use, such as hobbies range of uses from up military are diverse and growing. The advantage of delivery drones seems to be an important feature of delivery of the goods, including labor-saving, long-distance transportation in cold weather. UAV is demanded by competitive performance development for commercialization. Privacy issues that may arise during the drone operation, ensuring marketability issues, control system, regulations, operational standards and specifications, etc. should be addressed. Development direction of Korea UAV based in current technology, regulation, and growth potential presented by deriving from the idea of 'GIF 2016 Gang-won Hackathon.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.959-965
• /
• 2009

To meet the demand increasing passengers in railway vehicles, railway transportation service companies are increasing the numbers of cars per train-set. Two solutions, Variable train-set formations and Multiple train-set operation, are common way to increase the transportation capability. These kind of long distance train-set can effect train-set command and control system, and sometimes the digital signals using train line from master cabin can not reach to the systems located the other extremity slave car. This is so called Voltage Drop. This phenomenon is originated from the electrical power consumption and electrical cable resistance, and cause to the equipments or cars located end of the electrical cable way, malfunction or abnormal operations. This voltage drop happens not only in train lines but also Battery Power Lines. The purpose of this investigation is to design high reliability railway vehicles by clarifying the possibility of happening these events case by case, by analyzing the reasons, and finally by finding the best solutions.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.128-135
• /
• 2020

Long-term shipping contracts represent the cooperative and coexisting relationships between the shipping and steel industries. Yet, differences between the contract forms for iron ore and steel products have emerged. Specifically, the large proportion of consecutive voyage charters (CVC) is being applied in the iron ore trade, whereas the contract of affreightment (COA) is proportionally higher for shipping steel products. The literature review and in-depth interviews in this study identified through the research model, the characteristics of the shipping and market structure in both markets have significantly contributed to the preference of different long-term contracts. It has been determined that the mutual oligopoly market structure and the characteristics of shipping such as, the small number of suitable vessels in the market, the single fixed load/discharge ports, the long-distance voyages, and the potential risks for fatal accidents because of cargo liquefaction, for the iron ore trade, provide higher contribution to the preference of CVC contracts. In contrast, the consignor oligopoly market structure and the shipping characteristics, such as the greater number of suitable vessels available in the market, the variation in ports, the cargo quantity per shipment, the various load/discharge ports, and the need for experienced carriers for steel product loading in the steel product trade has shown higher preference on the COA contracts as the consignors with superiority over the shipowners, resulting in favorable contract types and conditions for the consignors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.452-461
• /
• 2022

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure. In South Korea, the need for transporting ECMO patients is increasing. Nonetheless, information on urgent transportation and its outcomes is scant. Methods: In this retrospective review of 5 years of experience in ECMO transportation at a single center, the clinical outcomes of transported patients were compared with those of in-hospital patients. The effects of transportation and the relationship between insertion-departure time and survival were also analyzed. Results: There were 323 cases of in-hospital ECMO (in-hospital group) and 29 cases transferred to Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital without adverse events (mobile group). The median transportation time was 95 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 36.5-119.5 minutes), whereas the median transportation distance was 115 km (IQR, 15-115 km). Transportation itself was not an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.818; IQR, 0.381-1.755; p=0.605), long-term mortality (OR, 1.099; IQR, 0.680-1.777; p=0.700), and failure of ECMO weaning (OR, 1.003; IQR, 0.467-2.152; p=0.995) or survival to discharge (OR, 0.732; IQR, 0.337-1.586; p=0.429). After adjustment for covariates, no significant difference in the ECMO insertion-departure time was found between the survival and mortality groups (p=0.435). Conclusion: The outcomes of urgent transportation, with active involvement of the ECMO center before ECMO insertion and adherence to the transport protocol, were comparable to those of in-hospital ECMO patients.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.373-383
• /
• 2006

Logistics is one of the most important factors to manage a stream of materials in economic environment. Establishing effective logistics system needs to consider some constraints which are fluctuation of materials volume, a long distance between makers and consumers, one way logistics and small quantity batch production. It is estimated that Unit Load System should be a powerful method to cope with those problems. It helps to realize the key issues which are Standardization and Logistics Pool System The Material Unification of Logistics System is able to participate in all kinds of industries including manufacturing, distribution and logistics. This system has some merits which are a long distance transportation cost down, product recovery, and treatment in the unbalance of demand and supply caused by unstable materials volume. Four strategies of Material Logistics Model are Packing Rationalization, Logistics Pool System, JIT System application and establishing effective infrastructure. The Material Unification Of Logistics System based on Unit Load System achieves efficiency of logistics and largely decreases moving cost.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.07d
• /
• pp.2393-2395
• /
• 2001

The mobile robot is used as an instrument of transportation in automated plant. But the greater part of the moving method is the wheel-type. The wheel-type robot is easier control than the track-type, However the track-type is better than the wheel-type in bad landform(bend landform, an incline plane, stairs). In this paper, we propose the navigation algorithm of track-type robot in order to improve a defect of wheel-type. We experiment in bend landfrom and even ground to differentiate the navigation method. To estimate robot pose, we use the 80196 in a close distance and the vision-board in a long distance. Each data is managed in main PC and then the part of managing correspond to every sensor. We also use twelve supersonic wave-sensors to recognize external surroundings. As the result of experiment, we analyze the algorithm of control and make possible surroundings-adaptation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.583-588
• /
• 2009

Generally, the container road transportation can be divided into three types; short distance, long distance and shuttle transportation. Specially, the shuttle service occurs several amounts of container which is same as O/D pairs. Also container vehicle can be divided into three types according to the chassis types of vehicle; only 20-feet container, only 40-feet container and combined chassis trailer. Combined chassis trailers can load two 20-feet containers or one 40-feet container. This paper deals with Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for delivering containers considering shuttle service. This problem is similar to the previously studied Shin and Oh (2008), but the characteristics of shuttle service must be considered additionally. We formulate the container shuttle transportation planning problem using combined chassis trailers based on VRP with pick-up and delivery which can visit each node more than one time, and propose an efficient solution procedure.