• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

Objective : Essential tremor(ET) is the most common movement disorder, however, there has been little agreement in the neurologic literature regarding diagnostic criteria for ET. Familial ET is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as an isolated postural tremor. The main feature of ET is postural tremor of the arms with later involvement of the head, voice, or legs. In previous studies, it was reported that ET susceptibility was inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance. As previous results, it would suggest that ET might be associated with defect of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Recent studies are focusing on molecular genetic detection of movement disorders, such as essential tremor and restless legs syndrome. Moreover, authors have analysed mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from the blood cell of positive control(PC) and ET patients via long and accurate polymerase chain reaction(LA PCR). Materials & Methods : Blood samples were collected from PC and 9 ET patients. Total DNA was extracted twice with phenol followed by chloroform : isoamylalcohol. For the analysis of mtDNA, LA PCR was performed by mitochondrial specific primers. Results : With this technique, deletions of large quantities were detected within several regions of mtDNA in ET patients except for D-loop and CO I regions. Conclusion : The authors believe that ET is a genentic disorder with deficiency of mitochondrial DNA multicomplexes and mitochondiral dysfunction could be one of major causative factors of ET. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis and possibility of disease progression among familial group with ET patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2022

Malaria elimination and control require prompt and accurate diagnosis for treatment plan. Since microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are not sensitive particularly for diagnosing low parasitemia, highly sensitive diagnostic tools are required for accurate treatment. Molecular diagnosis of malaria is commonly carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 18S rRNA gene, while this technique involves long turnaround time and multiple steps leading to false positive results. To overcome these drawbacks, we compared highly sensitive cytochrome oxidase gene-based single-step multiplex reaction with 18S rRNA nested PCR. Cytochrome oxidase (cox) genes of P. falciparum (cox-III) and P. vivax (cox-I) were compared with 18S rRNA gene nested PCR and microscopy. Cox gene multiplex PCR was found to be highly specific and sensitive, enhancing the detection limit of mixed infections. Cox gene multiplex PCR showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. This approach can be used as an alternative diagnostic method as it offers higher diagnostic performance and is amenable to high throughput scaling up for a larger sample size at low cost.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2023

The rapid detection of bacteria in the oral cavity, its species identification, and bacterial count determination are important to diagnose oral diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The existing clinical microbial diagnosis methods are time-consuming as they involve observing patients' samples under a microscope or culturing and confirming bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits, making the process complex. Therefore, it is required to analyze the development status of substances and systems that can rapidly detect and analyze pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity. With research advancements, a close relationship between oral and systemic diseases has been identified, making it crucial to identify the changes in the oral cavity bacterial composition. Additionally, an early and accurate diagnosis is essential for better prognosis in periodontal disease. However, most periodontal disease-causing pathogens are anaerobic bacteria, which are difficult to identify using conventional bacterial culture methods. Further, the existing PCR method takes a long time to detect and involves complicated stages. Therefore, to address these challenges, the concept of point-of-care (PoC) has emerged, leading to the study and implementation of various chair-side test methods. This study aims to investigate the different PoC diagnostic methods introduced thus far for identifying pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity. These are classified into three categories: 1) microbiological tests, 2) microchemical tests, and 3) genetic tests. The microbiological tests are used to determine the presence or absence of representative causative bacteria of periodontal diseases, such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. denticola. However, the quantitative analysis remains impossible, and detecting pathogens other than the specific ones is challenging. The microchemical tests determine the activity of inflammation or disease by measuring the levels of biomarkers present in the oral cavity. Although this diagnostic method is based on increase in the specific biomarkers proportional to inflammation or disease progression in the oral cavity, its commercialization is limited due to low sensitivity and specificity. The genetic tests are based on the concept that differences in disease vulnerability and treatment response are caused by the patient's DNA predisposition. Specifically, the IL-1 gene is used in such tests. PoC diagnostic methods developed to date serve as supplementary diagnostic methods and tools for patient education, in addition to existing diagnostic methods, although they have limitations in diagnosing oral diseases alone. Research on various PoC test methods that can analyze and manage the oral cavity bacterial composition is expected to become more active, aligning with the shift from treatment-oriented to prevention-oriented approaches in healthcare.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.376-387
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• 2010

식품으로부터 식중독세균을 검출하는 대부분의 전통적인 방법들은 분리하고자 하는 미생물에 적합한 선택배지에 의존할 수밖에 없다. 이러한 선택배지들은 높은 경제성에도 불구하고 오래 걸려 때를 놓치게 되는 소요 시간이 항상 걸림돌로 작용하고 있으며, 하나의 선택배지로 한의 균만을 선택적으로 분리해 내는 등의 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 최소화하기 위하여 IMS 등 면역학적 또는 분자생물학적 기법들을 접목시키고 있고, 증균에서 분리와 확인을 동시에 할 수 있는 package 형태의 제품들이 시판되고 있다. 또한 이러한 제품 중 일부는 국제표준기구로부터 인증을 받았고 대부분 chromogenic 기질을 함유한 선택배지들이 포함되어 있을 만큼 신뢰도가 높다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 선택배지 자체만은 이들 단점을 해결할 수 없어 항체를 활용한 신속, 간편하고 환경친화적인 ELISA법, 검출장비가 불필요하여 가장 신속, 간편하게 현장에서 사용하도록 기술을 향상시킨 paper-strip kit나 ELISA 분석 시 직면하는 시료의 matrix effect를 최소화할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌 형광면역분석법(fluoroimmunoassay)등 새로운 기술이 용도에 맞게 다양하게 개발되고 있다. 또한 동시진단 능력이 우수한 현장 진단형 시스템이 개발될 경우, 향후 신 시장 창출, 바이오칩 기술발전, 식중독균을 포함한 위해 미생물의 동시진단 및 역학조사 등에 지대한 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다. 식품에서 식품위해미생물 검출에 있어서 가장 이상적인 방법은 검출 과정이 간단하고 경제적이며 정확하여야 한다는 것이다. 또한 정량적 결과 산출이 가능하여야 하고, 자동화된 방법으로 전환이 가능하여야 산업에 적용될 수 있다는 것인데, 이러한 이상적인 검출방법은 현재까지 존재하지 않는다. 다만, 여러 방법들이 각각의 장점을 갖고 있을 뿐이다. 즉, 현실적 대안은 현재까지 개발된 각각의 방법을 목적과 대상에 따라 시의적절하게 병용 사용하여야 한다는 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2000

Essential tremor(ET) is the most common movement disorder however there has been little agreement in the neurologic literature regarding diagnostic criteria for ET. Familial ET is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as an isolated postural tremor. The main feature of ET is postural tremor of the arms with later involvement of the head, voice, or legs. In previous studies, it was reported that ET susceptibility was inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance. As with previous results, it would suggest that ET might be associated with defect of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Recent studies are focusing molecular genetic detection of movement disorders, such as essential tremor and restless legs syndrome. Parkinson's disease(PD) is a neurodegenerative disease involving mainly the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra by several factors. The cause of dopaminergic cell death is unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that Parkinson's disease many result from mitochondrial dysfunction. The authors have analysed mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from the blood cell of PD and ET patients via long and accurate polymerase chain reaction(LA PCR). Blood samples were collected from 9 PD and 9 ET patients. Total DNA was extracted twice with phenol followed by chloroform : isoamylalcohol. For the analysis of mtDNA, LA PCR was performed by mitochondrial specific primers. With LA PCR, 1/3 16s rRNA~1/3 ATPase 6/8 and COI~3/4 ND5 regions were observed in different patterns. But, in the COI~1/3 ATPase 6/8 region, the data of PCR were observed in same pattern. This study supports the data that ET and PD are genentic disorders with deficiency of mitochondrial DNA multicomplexes.