• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.860-867
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• 2012

Codonopsis lanceolata serves as, an appetizing health food for its, characteristic flavor, taste, and texture:however, it requires a long and complicated cooking process. Therefore, this study conducted pre-processing procedures to improve the cooking process and Codonopsis lanceolata more easily. For processing efficiency, freezing and blanching were efficient for peeling and the rate of peel disuse. In addition the freezing process, effectively reduced the time spent in beating raw material. In the salinity test, freezing and blanching quickly increased salinity over 28 days. As the result of SEM cross-section tests showed that frozen Codonopsis lanceolata become porous, it's assumed that seasoning permeates into this cross-section efficiently. As the appearance of Deodeok-gui as significant differences according to the pre-processing methods, this study examined pre-processing methods(time spent in peeling, rate of peel disuse, time spent in beating out material, salinity, moisture content, texture, and the color) of Codonopsis lanceolata. After testing Deodeok-gui, it was found that freezing is effective, not only for process efficiency and cooking time reduction, but also for improving its qualities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2006

The essential oil of Nardostachys jatamansi (Valerianaceae), which has been used for a long time in aroma therapy, was investigated after inhalation or oral administration for its analgesic effect, anticonvulsant action, hypnotic effect and in vitro inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase. This fragrance oil showed a significant analgesic effect in the phenylquinone-induced .writhing test, suppressed the convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and lengthened the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in a time-dependent manner after fragrance inhalation or dose-independently by oral administration. Its inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase was remarkable, showing $49.4\%$ inhibition at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Six new terpenes with seven known compounds were detected by our GC-MS analytical conditions used. As a result, the essential oil fragrance of Nardostachys jatamansi would be clinically useful for a sedative by either inhalation or oral administration.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Objectives: Cefotaxime is an antibiotic used to treat several bacterial infections. Specifically, it is used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. It is given by injection into either a vein or muscle. Antibacterial polymers prepared by chemical bonding and simple blending of antibacterials into polymers has attracted much interest because of their long-lasting antibacterial activity. This study attempted to review the possibility of hydrogel films as functional antibacterial materials by antimicrobial activity. Methods: In this study, CTX-PAA was synthesized by the chemical reaction of polyacrylic acid with cefotaxime by N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) method. Synthetic antibacterial hydrogel films were then prepared with PVA and CTX-PAA for functional application. Results: The increase in the cefotaxime content of the hydrogel films showed a similar decrease in tensile strength and elongation. The values of films impregnated with chemically bonded cefotaxime showed no significant difference. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli using a standardized disc test. Conclusion: The synthetic antibacterial hydrogel films exhibited broad susceptibility against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Notably, the antibacterial effect of antibacterial hydrogel films against Grampositive (Streptococcus pneumoniae) was superior to that against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.965-973
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• 2021

The behavior of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare exposed to low and high temperatures was monitored by video tracking, and information such as the initial speed, changes in speed, and locations of the fish in the tank were analyzed. The water temperature was raised from 26℃ to 36℃ or lowered from 26℃ to 16℃ for 4 h. The control group was maintained at 26℃ for 8 h. The experiment was repeated five times for each group. Machine learning analysis comprising a long short-term memory model was used to train and test the behavioral data (80 s) after pre-processing. Results showed that when the water temperature changed to 36℃ or 16℃, the average speed, changes in speed and fractal dimension value were significantly lower than those in the control group. Machine learning analysis revealed that the accuracy of 80-s video footage data was 87.4%. The machine learning used in this study could distinguish between the optimal temperature group and changing temperature groups with specificity and sensitivity percentages of 86.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Therefore, video tracking technology can be used to effectively analyze fish behavior. In addition, it can be used as an early warning system for fish health in aquariums and fish farms.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.47-61
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influential factors on job satisfaction among nursingassistants working in medical institutions. Methods: Small and medium-sized hospitals and general hospitals (S City, U City, N City), 11 Geriatric hospitals(S City, N City, U City, T City, I City), and 29 clinics (S City, I City, N City). Data was collected from 194employed nursing assistants from February 15 to April 15, 2021. The obtained data were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: We confirmed a positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, andconducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis using monthly income, work-life balance, organizational commitment, and work confidence as influencing factors for job satisfaction, and found that organizational commitment and work confidence were significant influencing factors for job satisfaction. Conclusion: To improve the job satisfaction of nursing assistants, it is necessary to improve their understanding of the organizational culture in the workplace and expand education and training opportunities to enhance their work confidence to induce long-term retention. In addition, it was suggested that clear job scope and adequatecompensation are necessary for efficient human resource management.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2020

Background The introduction of the partial second toe pulp free flap has enabled superior aesthetic and functional results for fingertip reconstruction in adults. Children undergoing fingertip amputation for various reasons have limited options for reconstruction. Conventional treatment could shorten the finger, leading to poor cosmesis and function. We report 18 years of our experiences with fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps in patients in early childhood. Methods Medical charts of children who had undergone fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps from 2001 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical procedures were identical to those for adults, except for the usage of 11-0 nylon sutures. Patients' demographic data, vessel size, flap dimensions, length of the distal phalanx, and functional outcomes over the course of long-term follow-up were documented. The statistical analysis was performed with the Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Eighteen toe pulp flaps in 17 patients (mean age, 3.0 years) were identified. All the flaps survived without any major complications. In long-term follow-up, the flap-covered distal phalanges showed growth in line with regular development. There was no donor-site morbidity, and all children adapted to daily life without any problems. In two-point discrimination tests, the fingertip sensation recovered to almost the same level as that in the contralateral finger. Conclusions Partial second toe pulp free flaps are an excellent option for fingertip reconstruction in young children, as well as in adults.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.833-852
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• 1996

Regular long term dance movement could be one of ways to induce improvement of psychophysiological variables, resulting in improvement of quality of life. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the effect of dance movement training on both physiological and psychological variables in the elderly. This study was focused to determine the effect of Korean traditional dance movement training on psychophysiological variables-body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satisfaction-in Korean elderly women. Thirty four subjects, aged between 65 and 75years who have normal cognition, sensory function, cerebellum function, cardiovascular function, participated in this study. Seventeen experimental group subjects were selected from E-elderly university in Kyung Gi province, and Seventeen control group subjects were selected from N-welfare facility in Seoul City. Seventeen experimental group subjects participated for 12weeks dance movement program. Korean traditional dance movement program was developed on the basis of Korean traditional dance and music by the author. The program consisted of approximately 50minutes of dance, 3times a week for 12weeks. During 50minutes workout, there were 15minutes of warm-up dancing, 25minutes of conditioning dance and 10minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength(grip strength, leg strength), muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satis-faction were measured prior to and following the experimental treatment. The participants in dance movement were interviewed focusing on subjective feeling following 12 week's regular dance movement. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, percentage of change, X²-test, t-test, and ANCOVA test using SPSS PC/sup +/ program. Subjective feeling was categorized into cognitopsy-chological and physiological responses. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The body weight (F=15.52, p=.000), body fat (F=18.33, p=.000) and lean body mass (F=7.28, p=.011) of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the dance movement training. 2) The leg strength (F=30.96, p=.000), muscle endurance (F=9.06, p=.005), agility(F=44.92, 000), flexibility(F=6.84, p=.014) of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the dance movement training. There was no significant difference of grip strength(F=.43, p=.515) between experimental and control groups. 3) The heart rate(F=26.96, p=.000), systolic (F=10.40, p=.000) and diastolic(F=3.99, p=.005) blood pressure at rest of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the dance movement training. 4) No significant difference of score of depression (F=3.49, p=.071) was observed between experimental and control groups. 5) Score of life satisfaction of experimental group was remarkably higher than that of control group following 12weeks of dance movement training (p<0.05). 6) Thematic responses about the dance movement following the training were positive. "I feel good" was the most frequent among cognitopsychological responses and "I feel lightness of body" was the most frequent among physiological responses. The results suggest that Korean traditional dance movement training can improve psychophysiological variables of Korean elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

In reliability based design(RBD) method, the distribution characteristics of mechanical properties of material are basic input variable. Therefore, distribution type and parameters of mechanical properties should be determined accurately. Until now, the properties were derived from tests with small, clear specimens. However, the test conditions should emulate as nearly as possible the way in which the timber would be used in practice and the test results should, as closely as possible, reflect the structural end use conditions to which the timber products would be subjected. In this study, structural timbers (38mm by 140mm, 3.0m long) were graded by visual assessment of growth characteristics and defects. And then bending tests were conducted on 498 structural size timbers. For each grade, the distribution type and the parameters of mechanical properties were determined for each grade. For the determination of best-fit distribution type, comparing of square error between distribution types and KS test were conducted. Best-fit distribution type of bending strength(MOR) is weibull distribution for all grade. In case of MOE, normal distribution is best-fit.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Buildings that are more than 10 years old generally have considerable repair and replacement costs due to the rapid deterioration of their systems. For public buildings in particular, which have national and social significance, considerable effort is required not only to ensure a long life cycle and safety but also to minimize the overall public expense. Along with increasing repair and replacement requirements, however, there have been problems related to the establishment of an accurate facility management budget. To address these concerns, a repair and replacement cost management system was constructed. This system manages both invested maintenance and forecast costs to establish a reasonable repair and replacement planning process and budget. The effectiveness of the system was verified through a pilot test targeting one of public Corporation (K).

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.41-61
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• 2010

With increasing the quality of life in proportion to the national income, we have had cars as more convenient and safe means of transportation for a long time. The more we have the benefits from cars, the more seriously we should consider problems such as the destruction of the environment by air pollution, traffic accidents, parking problems, traffic congestion, etc. as social cost caused by the increase of cars. Among them, the traffic accidents are very serious, especially the accidents of the business cars occurs five times more than those of the private cars. Therefore if we analyze the cases of the various kinds of syst.em, test the results and apply them to business cars, we will reduce the traffic accidents of business cars.