• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2016

Strategies for parks and open spaces in the 21st century have moved from focusing on specific elements, such as quantitative growth and ecological and recreational aspects, to green infrastructure, which refers to a multi-functional network of open and green spaces offering a range of benefits. In the case of London, green infrastructure is realised as an integral part of urban infrastructure, involving physical and social infrastructure as well as practical spatial planning at the local level within statutory urban planning as part of a continuously developing green infrastructure framework with a theoretical basis. Taking this perspective, the present study looks at alterations to and developments in green infrastructure policies in the London Plan, the green grid framework as detailed in the city's strategic implementation of green infrastructure. Various trends and characteristics of the policies adopted in the London Plan and some implications are deduced, with three main results being identified. The first is a clear division of roles among the national government, Greater London Authority and borough councils, with local plans established under the guidance of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the London Plan. Green infrastructure policies in the London Plan have been applied at a high rate in the boroughs' local plans, which leads to another, linked point. Secondly, green infrastructure policies and the green grid as an implementation framework have been consistently extended and developed through consolidating the London Plan, despite the change of government. Finally, in order to achieve the London Plan, the Mayor of London implemented policies by partnership and supporting programmes for London boroughs. Recently, the Seoul Metropolitan Authority introduced a parks and green spaces development policy, but the London case remains a good example; this is because green infrastructure policies in London were not a manifesto pledge but rather have been continuously and consistently advanced regardless of party politics and thus realised as long-term planning.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.479-485
• /
• 2016

In 2007, London Thames Gateway delivery plan was started, and it was in progress to solve climate change, population density, housing problems, green space, regional imbalances, and transportation issues from east London and Kent to Essex. The plan was carried out faithfully local autonomy enlargement of local governments. This case is evaluated as a successful case of waterfront regeneration with well balanced on development and conservation. This study concludes as follows by comparing with this case and a new Han River management foundation plan. First, Seoul's new plan needs to change to diffuse thinking on comprehensively understanding. Second, local and central government, which are adjacent to Han River, need management scheme in cooperation. Third, the countermeasures for solving traffic problems in Seoul are required through the provision of transportation method to take advantage of the waterfront.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2004

In Europe, London, Edinbergh, Copenhagen has adopted the traffic congestion charge system, and now the Stockholm City Council started the implementation of a similar system of its own. According to the Swedish National Road Administration, the system implementation starts in 2004 and will be completed by 2005, and so starting 2006, this charge system will be running as planned. Unlike the system of London, that of Stockholm charges the drivers differently depending on when to pass a control point, and not only that, the City Council has a plan to adopt the emerging RFID technology. Following is the summary of both technical and policy-wise considerations of the traffic congestion charge system in Stockholm, Sweden.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2007

In railway business plan, operations require a strategic and sustained level of planned investment to ensure assets are fit for purpose over the whole of their planned life. Therefore it is essential that operator can confidently plan and predict capital investment requirements over a number of years. This research addresses that how the London Underground apply a systematic risk based approach to their health and safety planning and investment decision making. Through this case study, we investigate the elements of management system that includes arrangements for the ongoing identification of hazards, assessment of risks and the implementation necessary control measures. Risk based business planning processes are also addressed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.8-19
• /
• 2020

We see an energy fucused smart city evolution of the UK along with the project of "Smart London Plan (SLP)." A theoretical logic of business model innovation has been discussed and a research framework of evolving energy focused smart city is formulated. The starting point is the silo system. In the second stage, the private investment in smart meters establishes a basement for next stages. As results, the UK's smart energy sector has evolved from smart meter installation through smart grid to new business models such as water-energy nexus and microgrid. Before smart meter installation of the government, the electricity system was centralized. However, after consumer engagement plan has been set to make them understand benefits that they can secure through smart meters, the customer behavior has been changed. The data analytics firm enables greater understanding of consumer behavior and it helps energy industry to be smart via controlling, securing and using that data to improve the energy system. In the third stage, distribution network operators (DNOs)' access to smart meter data has been allowed and the segmentation starts. In the fourth stage, with collaboration of Ofwat and Ofgem, it is possible to eliminate unnecessary duplication of works and reduce interest conflict between water and electricity. In the fifth stage, smart meter and grid has been integrated as an "adaptive" system and a transition from DNO to DSO is accomplished for the integrated operation. Microgrid is a prototype for an "adaptive" smart grid. Previous steps enable London to accomplish a platform leadership to support the increasing electrification of the heating and transport sector and smart home.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.10
• /
• pp.603-612
• /
• 2016

This study will observe the following subjects based on the railroad: First, the development of St. Pancreas Station, which is the gateway to London from other Europe continent, and King's Cross Station, which connects all the intercity within London. Second, the planning characteristic of urban regeneration case which was driven from Camden district, the center of King's Cross Central, which is located in between the two stations, St. Pancreas and King's Cross. Third, based on the the two stations and urban regeneration, this study attempts to investigate the direction of urban regenerating plan and its detailed strategy. As a result, King's Cross Station, St. Pancreas Station and the King's Cross Central area, which is an adjacent area from the two stations, were a slum for a long time. However, the two close stations played a role as the United Kindom and London's railroad network by sharing the common denominator of having the international high-speed railway among the Europe continent and being the connection of National railroads within London. Eventually, based on such potential of railroad traffic, King's Cross Central area was newly regenerated. The consequence of this study has shown that not only the physical modernization of buildings, implementation of compact railroad network supporting both ground and underground of each area or traffic connection was organized in London, but also secured the pedestrian way for easier transfer and planned and allocated facilities by considering citizen's publicness and multilateral use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2014

Recent trends in urban policies show the increasing importance of urban parks. Moreover the park policy and planning are increasingly important for the good urban park system. Comparative studies in the operational system and planning contents of the parks and green space plans of the major cities would be timely and meaningful. This study aims to provide a comparative study in operational system and planning contents of the Parks and Green Space Master Plan at urban scale. Sites include London, New York, Berlin, Sydney and Seoul. Analyses are focused on the master plans and strategy reports of each city. Frameworks for analysis are divided into operational system and planning contents. The results are as follows. First, the Parks and Green Space Plans as an open space planning linked to related resources would contribute to both integrated resources management and practice of the fairness. Second, evolution from quantity to quality of the parks and green space plan enhances revitalization and regeneration. Third, shift from the 'supply oriented plan' to 'need based plan' model provides flexible planning model to meet the demographic change, trend change, preference and use. Fourth, planning agents, enlarged opportunities for participation within each phase, diversified of the participants lead the changes from the passive participation to active one. In order to improve the practicability of the parks and green space master plan, a flexible planning strategy including social awareness changes and park governance is required.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2009

The objective of the study is to create color plan for company D based on color images of the Bloomsbury Group paintings, which is an art institute based in Bloomsbury, London, a hometown of the company, to renew the traditional brand image of the company by blending fashion and art. This study analyzed 'D's previous F/W Color planning from 2003 to 2007 through NCS to understand characteristics of company D's color planning. It considered company D's color renewal concept by looking into Bloomsbury Group's backgrounds and pieces. Based on 2008-2009 F/W color trend and the analysis result, the study suggests a color plan with reference to a case study of the company D, for which I work as a colorist. The color renewal of the company D for 2008-2009 F/W season was categorized into theme I. Bloomsbury and theme II. Charleston for planning. The following table summarizes the result of 2008-2009 F/W season color plan with focus on development of new check and print patterns. The significance of the study can be found in that it advanced beyond the color planning stage to be applied to the actual renewal. Through a renewal of an existing brand, a fashion brand can be revitalized to have distinguished competitiveness.

• World Technopolis Review
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.206-225
• /
• 2012

The development of the Surrey Research Park by the University of Surrey is an addition to a number of existing strategies to collaborate with industry that it has developed over its 120 year history. The potential to undertake this development was based on owning a substantial land holding that the University acquired when the Borough Council for the town of Guildford invited the University to relocate from Battersea in London to its new location in 1966. Initial plans for the Park in 1979 were accelerated in 1981 in response to plans by the then government to reduce funding for Higher Education in the UK. Beyond a broad master plan for the site that was based on topography and access to the site the plans that were developed were based on a survey of 100 companies that were deemed to be in the target market for the site and a review of the other 7 science parks that were being developed in the UK in 1981. The findings from this proved to be important in developing the master plan for the site. Another important influence on the project was the objectives that were defined for the 3 stakeholders in the project of the University, the tenant companies and the planning authority relate to economic development, a competitive advantage of tenant companies, knowledge transfer, the profile for the University and the capacity to generate income proved to be a valuable framework on which to develop a master plan. These details were underpinned by five objectives which served the three stakeholders in the site. Those for the University included commercial potential, knowledge transfer and image and reputation; those for the town primarily related to economic development and the plan was to help tenants gain a competitive advantage by locating on the site. In addition a number of success indicators were defined for the project against which to measure performance and have remained as a useful set of parameters on which to base the assessment of the performance of the site. In combination with these indicators a further analysis deals with the success factors that are considered as important in influencing performance. The paper sets details the history of the park and covers the success indicators and factors and reviews these in the context of the original objectives for the site.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.19-33
• /
• 2004

The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the contemporary health promotion policy of g Korea and Japan. The primary purpose of this comparative research project is to stimulate policy debate and to strengthen the design and implementation of evidence-based policies that improve population health and reduce health related disparities. For the purpose of the research object we adopted analysis of health promotion(HP) sources. The HP Source which is still under development in Europe, is a potentially valuable tool for global use. This European Commission funded project lead by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has brought together organisations from all of the European Union Member States, plus Norway, Iceland, Latvia, Switzerland and the Czech Republic to contribute their data. The findings of this research will be conclude by making recommendations for further comparative studies and in particular how EUHPID and the HP Source tool and database can be expanded for use at global level through the IUHPE. The result as follows: 1. The Health Promotion Act enacted 1995 in Korea and 2000 in Japan. The government has a national document on HP titled Health Plan 2010 and Healthy Korea 2010 in Korea and Healthy Japan 21 in Japan. 2. The Health Plan 2010 of Korea contains 14 goals, i.e. life expectancy, smoking, nutrition, mental health, dental health, reproductive health, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. It should be emphasized that the Korean HP national document adds 3 goals of health expectancy, reproductive health, and arthritis to its Japanese counterpart. Health Plan 2010 of Korea specifies 37 objectives in 14 goals, and Healthy Japan 21 proposes 48 objectives and 80 targets in 9 goals. 3. Health Plan 2010 and Healthy Japan 21 have not been evaluated yet, and no regular systematic monitoring reporting of HP policies is available in Korea and Japan yet. 4. National Health Promotion Fund is a financial source of HP programs at the national level in Korea. Its annual amount is 736 billion Won(equivalent to approximately 640 million US$), otherwise no specific Health Promotion Fund in Japan.