• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.757-762
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• 2013

A technique is presented that uses a new guided wave technique for sludge and blockages detection in long-range pipelines. Existing techniques have the limitations that the sludge position needs to be known a priori and the area to be inspected needs to be accessible. Two guided wave techniques have been developed which allow the sludge or blockages to be detected remotely without the need to access the specific location where the pipe is blocked, nor to open the pipe. The first technique measures the reflection of guided waves by sludge which can be used to accurately locate the blocked region; the second technique detects sludge by revealing the changes to the transmitted guided waves propagating in the blocked region or after it. The two techniques complement each other and their combination leads to a reliable sludge or blockage detection. Various types of realistic sludge have been considered in the study and the practical capabilities of the two techniques have been demonstrated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.653-674
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• 2007

This paper discusses the application of piezoelectric sensors used for evaluation of damping ratio of PVC plastics. The development of the mathematical formulation based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition for calculating the damping coefficient and natural frequency of the system is presented. A systematic experimental and analytical investigation was also carried out to demonstrate the integrity of several methods commonly used to evaluate the damping of materials based on a single degree freedom formulation. The influence of the sensors' location was also investigated. Besides the commonly used methods, a newly emerging time-frequency method, namely the Empirical Mode decomposition, is also employed. Mathematical formulations based on the Hilbert-Huang formulation, and a frequency spacing technique were also developed for establishing the natural frequency and damping ratio based on the output voltage of a single piezoelectric sensor. An experimental investigation was also conducted and the results were compared and verified with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), revealing good agreement.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1059-1067
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• 2021

In this paper, a HDR algorithm for a single image is proposed using the exposure fusion, that adaptively calculates gamma correction coefficients according to the image distribution. Since typical HDR methods should use at least three images with different exposure values at the same scene, the main problem was that they could not be applied at the single shot image. Thus, HDR enhancements based on a single image using tone mapping and histogram modifications were recently presented, but these created some location-specific noises due to improper corrections. Therefore, the proposed algorithm calculates proper gamma coefficients according to the distribution of the input image and generates different exposure images which are corrected by the dark and the bright region stretching. A HDR image reproduction controlling exposure fusion weights among the gamma corrected and the original pixels is presented. As the result, the proposed algorithm can reduce certain noises at both the flat and the edge areas and obtain subjectively superior image quality to that of conventional methods.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1986

Silicon diaphragms, 10 and 20 \ulcorner-thick and 1x1 mm\ulcornerarea, have been fabricated by means of the electrochemical P-N junction etch-stop technique. The P-type diffused resistors were formed on the diaphragm, and the piezoresistance effect was examined. It was been found that the fractional variation of the resistance is dependent on the diaphragm thickness, resistor location, and resistor length, etc. The 1.2 k\ulcornerfull-brige pressure sensor with 10\ulcorner-thick diaphragm exhibits a pressure sensitivity of 42 \ulcorner/V\ulcornermHg with a temperature coefficient of 2.3 mmHg/\ulcorner, and shows a good linearity in the pressure range from 0 to 300 mmHg.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권6호
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• pp.607-626
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• 2024

This study explores the use of advanced concrete types to improve the performance of composite steel shear walls (CSPSWs), particularly in delaying cracking and failure. A two-phase approach is implemented. Phase I utilizes non-linear finite element analysis and Gene Expression Programming to develop a novel method for determining the minimum concrete thickness required in CSPSWs. Phase II investigates the effect of concrete type, opening area, and location on the behavior of CSPSWs with openings. The results demonstrate that ultra-high performance concrete (UHPFRC) significantly reduces out-of-plane displacement and tensile cracking compared to normal concrete. Additionally, the study reveals a strong correlation between opening position and load-bearing capacity, with position L3 exhibiting the greatest reduction as opening size increases. Finally, UHPFRC's superior energy dissipation translatesto a higher equivalent viscous damping coefficient.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.616-625
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• 2021

심층신경망은 임의의 함수를 근사화하는 방법으로 선형모델로 근사화한 후에 비선형 활성함수를 이용하여 추가적 근사화를 반복하는 근사화 방법이다. 이 과정에서 근사화의 성능 평가 방법은 손실함수를 이용한다. 기존 심층학습방법에서는 선형근사화 과정에서 손실함수를 고려한 근사화를 실행하고 있지만 활성함수를 사용하는 비선형 근사화 단계에서는 손실함수의 감소와 관계가 없는 비선형변환을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 활성함수에 활성함수의 크기를 변화시킬 수 있는 크기 파라메터와 활성함수의 위치를 변화시킬 수 있는 위치 파라미터를 도입한 파라메트릭 활성함수를 제안한다. 파라메트릭 활성함수를 도입함으로써 활성함수를 이용한 비선형 근사화의 성능을 개선시킬 수 있다. 각 은닉층에서 크기와 위치 파라미터들은 역전파 과정에서 파라미터들에 대한 손실함수의 1차 미분계수를 이용한 학습과정을 통해 손실함수 값을 최소화시키는 파라미터를 결정함으로써 심층신경망의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. MNIST 분류 문제와 XOR 문제를 통하여 파라메트릭 활성함수가 기존의 활성함수에 비해 우월한 성능을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

An objective of local exhaust hood design is to design the hood to operate as efficiently as possible. The greatest loss normally occurs at the entrance to the duct, due to the vena contracta in the throat of the duct. This can be accomplished by minimizing the loss that results from the vena contracta. There have been little studied to be cost-effective approach as installing simple instrument inside the throat of the hood. The aims of this paper were to minimize entry loss using inner square, and to measure the effect of inner square when installed inside hood throat. The results of this study were as follows; First, the magnitude of vena contracta could be considered as the difference between direct measured velocity and calculated velocity, which is from Bernoulli theory. In circle hood, calculated velocity and direct measured velocity were 10.7m/sec and 10.3n/sec, respectively. And the calculated velocity and direct measured velocity in square hood were 7.7m./sec and 6.5m/sec, respectively. Second, effect of inner square by width was carried out. The widths of inner square were L/1(18cm), L/2(9cm), L/3(6cm) and L/6(3cm). In case inner square was installed with 3cm width, the entry of coefficient was 0.93, comparing with 0.85 of entry of coefficient of general hood. Third, effect of inner square by distance from hood inside surface to inner square was carried out. The distances were L/3(6cm), L/6(3cm), L/9(2cm) and L/l8(1cm). In case the distance was 3cm the best efficiency was shown (Ce= 0.93). Fourth, effect of inner square by location from hood entry to duct inside was carried out. The locations of inner square were entry(0cm), L/6(3cm), L/3(6cm), L/2(9cm) and L/l(12cm). In case the location was 0cm, 3cm and 6cm the entry of coefficients were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

포인트 속성의 위치 기반 소셜 네트워크 서비스(Location-Based Social Network Services, LBSNS) 데이터를 멀티스 케일의 타일맵상에 효과적으로 시각화하기 위해서는 격자 기반으로 군집화하여 표현해야 할 필요성이 있다. 이때 격자의 크기 및 개수를 결정해야 하는데, 이에 대한 기준은 정해진 것이 없으며 데이터의 종류와 분석 목적에 따라 달라지므로 연구자의 주관이 개입될 수밖에 없다. 이때 연구 결과에 영향을 끼치는 공간단위 임의성의 문제(Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, MAUP)가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 LBSNS 중 지오태깅(geotagging)된 트위터(Twitter) 데이터를 대상으로 하여 이러한 MAUP의 영향을 스케일 효과(scale effect)의 측면에서 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 공간오차모델(spatial error model)을 이용하여 데이터의 공간적 자기상관성(spatial autocorrelation)의 정도를 조절하였으며, 이에 대해 격자의 크기를 달리함에 따른 공간적 자기상관성의 변화를 Moran's I를 통해 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 원 데이터에는 양의 공간적 자기상관성이 존재하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이러한 경우에는 공간오차모델의 공간자기회귀계수(spatial autoregressive coefficient)의 값이 증가할수록 공간적 자기상관성이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 트위터 데이터의 공간적 자기상관성의 강도를 5단계로 조절하였으며, 각 단계에 대하여 격자의 크기를 9단계로 나누어 각각에서의 Moran's I를 계산하였다. 그 결과, 합역 수준이 높아질수록 공간적 자기상관성이 증가하다가 격자의 크기가 600m에서 1,000m 사이일 때 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 공간적 자기상관성이 강할수록 MAUP에서의 스케일 효과는 감소하는 경향이 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2010

19개의 절리면에 대해 레이저 스캐너를 이용하여 형상을 측정한 후, 각 절리면의 30개 단면에 대하여 절리 거칠기 계수(Joint Roughness Coefficient)를 계산하였다. JRC 값은 단면의 위치에 따라 매우 큰 차이를 보이고 있으나 3개의 단면에서 측정된 JRC의 평균값은 절리면 전체의 JRC 평균값을 잘 대표할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 9개의 절리면에 대해서 석고를 이용한 복제 시료를 제작하여 절리면 전단시험을 실시하였다. 최대마찰각(${\phi}_p$)은 JRC의 평균값과 ${\phi}_p=41.037+1.046JRC$의 직선의 관계를 보인다. 그러나 절리면 전단시험에서 측정된 전단강도는 절리면에서 측정된 JRC의 평균값을 사용하여 Barton의 관계식에서 추정된 전단강도보다 상당한 오차를 보여, 절리면 전단시험에서 역산된 $JRC_R$과 JRC의 관계를 $JRC_R=f{\cdot}JRC$로 정의하고 회귀분석하여 수정계수 $f=3.15JRC^{-0.5}$를 도출하였고, 이 수정계수를 적용하여 Barton의 전단강도 관계식을 ${\tau}={\sigma}_n{\cdot}tan(3.15JRC^{0.5}{\bullet}{\log}_{10}\frac{JCS}{{\sigma}_n}+{\phi}_b)$로 수정하여 제안하였다. 이 관계식은 강도가 비교적 낮고 연성의 특성을 보이는 풍화암이나 연암의 절리면 전단강도 추정에 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2020

The feasibility of the application of terahertz electromagnetic waves in the diagnosis of prostate cancer was examined. Four samples of incomplete cancerous prostatic paraffin-embedded tissues were examined using terahertz spectral imaging (TPI) system and the results obtained by comparing the absorption coefficient and refractive index of prostate tumor, normal prostate tissue and smooth muscle from one of the paraffin tissue masses examined were reported. Three hundred and sixty cases of absorption coefficients from one of the paraffin tissues examined were used as raw data to classify these three tissues using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). An excellent classification with an accuracy of 92.22% in the prediction set was achieved. Using the distribution information of THz reflection signal intensity from sample surface and absorption coefficient of the sample, an attempt was made to use the TPI system to identify the boundaries of the different tissues involved (prostate tumors, normal and smooth muscles). The location of three identified regions in the terahertz images (frequency domain slice absorption coefficient imaging, 1.2 THz) were compared with those obtained from the histopathologic examination. The tissue tumor region had a distinctively visible color and could well be distinguished from other tissue regions in terahertz images. Results indicate that a THz spectroscopy imaging system can be efficiently used in conjunction with the proposed advanced computer-based mathematical analysis method to identify tumor regions in the paraffin tissue mass of prostate cancer.