• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2010

Purpose: Retronychia is the embedding of the nail into proximal nail fold. Retronychia starts with disruption of the longitudinal growth of the nail. With the growth of a new nail, the old one is pushed upwards and backwards. This leads to embedding of the top nail into the ventral aspect of the proximal nail fold and results with chronic paronychia. We present a case of retronychia that was rarely reported in the literature. Methods: A 46-year old female presented with a 3-month history of painful right first, 2nd, 3rd toenail changes. Although she was initially treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, she did not response to therapy. Later, she presented to our department because of progressively worsening pain that impaired her walking. Physical examination revealed with proximal nail fold erythema, painful swelling, yellowish nail discoloration, and distal onycholysis. Bacterial and fungus culture showed no organism. Treatment was surgical nail avulsion under local anesthesia. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. 10 months later, the patient had a normal growing nail and was free of symptoms. Conclusion: We report a case of retronychia on toenail. Retronychia is a proximal nail plate ingrowth into the proximal nail fold which is associated with multiple generations of nail plate misaligned beneath the proximal nail. Management consisted of simple avulsion of superimposed nail. Retronychia is suspected with a persistent paronychia, particularly in the setting of trauma. Avulsion of the top nail confirms the diagnosis and may be curative if the underlying nail appears healthy.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute researchers have installed and operated magnetometers at Mt. Bohyun Observatory to measure the Earth's magnetic field variations in South Korea. We, in 2007, installed a fluxgate magnetometer (RFP-523C) to measure H, D, and Z components of the geomagnetic field. In addition, in 2009, we installed a Overhauser proton sensor to measure the absolute total magnetic field F and a three-axis magneto-impedance sensor for spectrum analysis. Currently three types of magnetometer data have been accumulated. In this paper, we provide the preliminary and the first statistical analysis using the BOH magnetometer installed at Mt. Bohyun Observatory. By superposed analysis, we find that daily variations of H, D, and Z shows similar tendency, that is, about 30 minutes before the meridian (11:28) a minimum appears and the time after about 3 hours and 30 minutes (15:28) a maximum appears. Also, a quiet interval start time (19:06) is near the sunset time, and a quiet interval end time (06:40) is near the sunrise time. From the sunset to the sunrise, the value of H has a nearly constant interval, that is, the sun affects the changes in H values. Seasonal variations show similar dependences to the sun. Local time variations show that noon region has the biggest variations and midnight region has the smallest variations. We compare the correlations between geomagnetic variations and activity indices as we expect the geomagnetic variation would contain the effects of geomagnetic activity variations. As a result, the correlation coefficient between H and Dst is the highest (r = 0.947), and other AL, AE, AU index and showed a high correlation. Therefore, the effects of geomagnetic storms and geomagnetic substorms might contribute to the geomagnetic changes significantly.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2007

In this study, an effective load increment method for multi modal adaptive non-linear static (pushover) analysis (NSA) for building type structures is presented. In the method, lumped plastisicity approach is adopted and geometrical non-linearties (second-order effects) are included. Non-linear yield conditions of column elements and geometrical non-linearity effects between successive plastic sections are linearized. Thus, load increment needed for formation of plastic sections can be determined directly (without applying iteration or step-by-step techniques) by using linearized yield conditions. After formation of each plastic section, the higher mode effects are considered by utilizing the essentials of traditional response spectrum analysis at linearized regions between plastic sections. Changing dynamic properties due to plastification in the system are used on the calculation of modal lateral loads. Thus, the effects of stiffness changes and local mechanism at the system on lateral load distribution are included. By using the proposed method, solution can be obtained effectively for multi-mode whereby the properties change due to plastifications in the system. In the study, a new procedure for determination of modal lateral loads is also proposed. In order to evaluate the proposed method, a 20 story RC frame building is analyzed and compared with Non-linear Dynamic Analysis (NDA) results and FEMA 356 Non-linear Static Analysis (NSA) procedures using fixed loads distributions (first mode, SRSS and uniform distribution) in terms of different parameters. Second-order effects on response quantities and periods are also investigated. When the NDA results are taken as reference, it is seen that proposed method yield generally better results than all FEMA 356 procedures for all investigated response quantities.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 2.4GHz 대역에서의 응용을 위한 광대역 RF 모들을 설계하고 제작하였다. 무선 주파 신호를 중간 주파수로 변환하기 위한 RF 모듈은 3단 증폭기로 이루어진 저잡음 증폭기(LNA), 단종단 게이트 믹서, 정합 회로, 헤어핀 라인 대역 통과 필터, 쳬비셰프 저역 통과 필터로 구성하였다. 저잡음 증폭기는 높은 이득과 안정도를 갖도록 설계하였으며, 단종단 게이트 믹서는 높은 변환이득과 넓은 동작 영역을 갖도록 설계하였다. 광대역 RF모듈의 해석에서는 복합화된 하모닉 밸런스드 기법을 사용하여 RF모듈의 동작 특성을 해석하였다. 설계된 RF 모듈은 55.2dB의 변환이득, 1.54dB의 낮은 잡음 특성, $-120{\sim}-60dBm$의 넓은 RF전력 동작 영역, -60dBm의 낮은 고조파 성분 그리고 RF, IF, LO포트 간에 우수한 분리 특성을 갖는다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2014

Interaction between closely-spaced buildings subject to earthquake induced strong ground motions, termed in the literature as "seismic pounding", occurs commonly during major seismic events in contemporary congested urban environments. Seismic pounding is not taken into account by current codes of practice and is rarely considered in practice at the design stage of new buildings constructed "in contact" with existing ones. Thus far, limited research work has been devoted to quantify the influence of slab-to-slab pounding on the inelastic seismic demands at critical locations of structural members in adjacent structures that are not aligned in series. In this respect, this paper considers a typical case study of a "new" reinforced concrete (R/C) EC8-compliant, torsionally sensitive, 7-story corner building constructed within a block, in bi-lateral contact with two existing R/C 5-story structures with same height floors. A non-linear local plasticity numerical model is developed and a series of non-linear time-history analyses is undertaken considering the corner building "in isolation" from the existing ones (no-pounding case), and in combination with the existing ones (pounding case). Numerical results are reported in terms of averages of ratios of peak inelastic rotation demands at all structural elements (beams, columns, shear walls) at each storey. It is shown that seismic pounding reduces on average the inelastic demands of the structural members at the lower floors of the 7-story building. However, the discrepancy in structural response of the entire block due to torsion-induced, bi-directionally seismic pounding is substantial as a result of the complex nonlinear dynamics of the coupled building block system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권10호
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• pp.398-401
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• 2015

Tularemia is a potentially severe zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. A lack of awareness about tularemia can be embarrassing and could result in delayed treatment because of improper diagnosis. The diagnosis of tularemia is difficult, because the infections are rare and the clinical spectrum is broad. As only 1 adult case has been reported in Korea thus far, pediatricians in Korea may be unfamiliar with tularemia. We report our experience with a 14-year-old male adolescent with tularemia who presented with atypical pneumonia and possible infective endocarditis. Although the infectivity and mortality rates for tularemia are very high if left untreated, we did not suspect tularemia in this case until the incidental isolation of F. tularensis. The present case suggests that clinicians in Korea should be more aware of tularemia. This case also suggests that tularemia should be considered in undetermined cases of atypical pneumonia or acute febrile illness without local signs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model of self-management in patients with hemodialysis based on the Self-Regulation Model and resource-coping perspective. Methods: Data were collected from 215 adults receiving hemodialysis in 17 local clinics and one tertiary hospital in 2016. The Hemodialysis Self-management Instrument, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. The exogenous variable was social context; the endogenous variables were cognitive illness representation, hope, self-management behavior, and illness outcome. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Results: The hypothetical model with six paths showed a good fitness to the empirical data: GFI=.96, AGFI=.90, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.04. The factors that had an influence on self-management behavior were social context (${\beta}=.84$), hope and cognitive illness representation (${\beta}=.37$ and ${\beta}=.27$) explaining 92.4% of the variance. Self-management behavior mediated the relationship between psychosocial coping resources and illness outcome. Conclusion: This research specifies a more complete spectrum of the self-management process. It is important to recognize the array of clinical resources available to support patients' self-management. Healthcare providers can facilitate self-management through collaborative care and understanding the ideas and emotions that each patient has about the illness, and ultimately improve the health outcomes. This framework can be used to guide self-management intervention development and assure effective clinical assessment.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권6호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 무선 LAN 표준안 IEEE 802.11의 직접대역확산(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 물리계층을 지원하는 기저대역 모뎀 ASIC 칩의 아키텍쳐와 설계에 대해 기술한다. 구현된 모뎀 칩은 크게 송신부와 수신부로 구성되어 있으며, CRC 부호화/복호화기, 차동 부호화/복호화기, 주파수 옵셋 보상기(frequency offset compensator) 및 타이밍 복구 회로를 포함한다. 구현된 모뎀 칩은 4, 2 및 1Mbps의 다양한 데이타 전송률을 지원하고, DBPSK와 DQPSK의 변조방식을 사용한다. 구현한 모뎀 아키텍쳐는 $SAMSUNG^{TM}$ $0.6{\mu}m$ 게이트 어레이 라이브러리(gate array library)를 사용하여 논리합성을 수행하였으며, 칩의 전체 게이트 수는 53,355개이다. 칩의 동작 주파수는 44MHz이며, 칩의 패키지는 100-pin QFP이고, 전력소모는 44MHz에서 1.2watt이다. 구현된 모뎀 아키텍쳐는 상용화된 HSP3824 칩 보다 우수한 BER성능을 나타낸다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권6A호
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• pp.871-880
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• 1999

본 논문은 광대역 CDMA 방식의 IMT-2000 단말기용 이동국의 PN 코드 위상 동기를 위한 추적기와 데이터를 복원하는 복조기회로 설계 및 구현에 대해서 기술한다. 먼저 동기 추적을 위한 회로는 넌코히어런트 방식을 사용하여 설계하였으며 동기 추적 과정에서 발생되는 클럭이 1/8 PN 칩의 해상도를 갖도록 설계하였다. 복조기 부분은 코히어런트 방식을 사용하여 설계하였으며 타임 트래킹 동작에 의해서 발생되는 클럭으로 생성된 PN 코드와 수신신호를 역확산하여 원래의 데이터를 복원하도록 설계하였다. 32.786 MHz의 구동 클럭과 4.096 MHz의 칩율을 사용하였으며 FPGA로 구현하였다. 또한 설계된 복조기는 32Kbps 음성 및 신호 채널에서 정상 동작함을 확인하였다. 성능 검증을 위하여 AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) 7dB로 시뮬레이션하여 데이터 복원이 이루어 졌으며 무선 가입자망(WLL:wireless local loop)과 IMP-2000 변복조기 설계에 적용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the spatial and energy resolutions of a PET scanner that we have recently developed. The scanner, which consists of six detector modules with 1-layer LGSO crystals, has a hexagonal configuration with a faceto- face distance of 86.4 mm between two opposite PET modules; such properties facilitate the imaging of small animals. A $^{22}Na$ point source was employed to estimate horizontal and vertical spatial resolutions. To assess the energy resolution, a uniform $^{18}F$ cylindrical phantom was scanned. A software-based spectrum analysis of list-mode data was used to assign a local energy window centered on the photopeak position for every single crystal. For the image reconstruction, an ML-EM algorithm was used. The spatial resolutions at the center of the scanner were 0.99 mm in the horizontal direction and 1.13 mm in the vertical direction. The energy resolution averaged over each PMT ranged from 13.3%-14.3%, which gave an average value of 13.8%. These results show that this simple system is promising for small animal imaging with excellent spatial and energy resolutions.