• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

There is no line of demarcation between the shoulder and elbow regions. Pain In the arm may originate at the shoulder with reference downwards or less often at the elbow with reference upwards. Most pains indicated by the patient at the elbow or forearm have a local origin, since at the more distal part of the upper limb the capacity for correct localization is good. Once it is clear that the elbow region is at fault, the joint and the muscles about it are tested by ten movements. 1. Four. Passive extension, flexion, pronation, supination-full range, LOM, painful, painless. 2. Four. Resisted extension, flexion, pronation, supination-strong, weak, painful, painless. 3. Two. Resisted flexion, extension at the wrist-painful, painless. The muscles that perform theses two movements arise from the humeral epicondyles and a lesion in either often causes pain felt at the elbow although the tissuse affected is not functionally a part of the elbow (i. e. Tennis elbow and Golfer's elbow).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of filaggrin-2 (FLG2) in correlation with drip loss. Methods: The muscle samples were randomly taken from a local meat supplier. Samples were taken from Longissimus lumborum muscles to evaluate the drip loss (n = 100). Five muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate FLG2 mRNA and protein expression levels. Results: mRNA of FLG2 gene was not significantly different in pigs with different levels of drip loss (p>0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that FLG2 protein expression levels were significantly different between the drip loss groups. Western blot revealed that the high drip loss group had higher FLG2 protein expression level than the low drip loss group (p<0.001). Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed the high signal intensity was on the muscle cell membrane and cytoplasm. Conclusion: FLG2 protein might play roles in drip loss of pork and will provide the basis for information to improving meat quality traits in pigs.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1998

Intramuscular injection(IM) into the gluteal muscles is a common route of medication, but may lead to complications. A retrospective review of 32 patients who required surgical treatment for local complications of buttock injections in children was made at the Taegu Fatima Hospital during a seven-year nine-month period (March 1990 to December 1997). Local complications included acute inflammation, cellulitis and abscess(71.9 %), and fat necrosis(21.9 %), and injection granuloma(6.2 %). Over the half of injections were on the upper and outer quadrant of the buttock, but the other 43.7 % were in the upper and inner or lower and outer quadrant which are considered unsuitable sites for intramuscular injection. The majority of complications developed within fat tissue(90.6 %) rather than within muscle(9.4 %). Two-thirds of the patients were under 2 years of age, this suggests that it is technically difficult to accurately administer IM injections in small children because muscle mass is smaller compared to subcutaneous. In addition subcutaneous fat is more susceptible to chemical irritation. Staph. aureus was the predominant organism, isolated in 84.6 % of the patients with abscesses. Treatment consisted of needle aspiration, incision and drainage, curettage, or surgical excision. In conclusion, the major factor that contributes to complications following IM of the buttock appears to be the inadvertent intrafat rather than of IM injection. Accurate injection into the muscles based on a knowledge of pelvic anatomy as well as the potential complications is necessary to prevent complications.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

보툴리눔 톡신은 신경독소로, 운동신경 말단부위에서 분비되는 아세틸콜린의 분비를 차단하여 근육의 위축을 유발하게 된다. 의학계 및 치의학계에서는 이를 이용하여 다양한 질환을 치료하는 것을 시도하고 있다. 치과영역에서는 저작근 수축, 심한 이갈이, 안면 틱, 구강안면 운동장애, 교근비대의 치료 등 과활성 근육성 질환을 치료하는 데 사용하고 있다. 악안면 영역에 보툴리눔 톡신을 주입하고 난 뒤 발생되고 있는 합병증으로는, 자연스럽지 못한 안면표정, 통증의 증가, 두통 등이 유발될 수 있다고 보고되고 있다. 본 증례에서는 교근부에 보툴리눔 톡신 주입 후 발생된 전방 개교합 증상에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2020

Background: Bridging exercises are used to enhance the functional stability of the lumbopelvic region in clinical settings. Although most of the studies on bridging exercises have compared the complete activation of the trunk muscles, some recent studies have examined the functional stability of the trunk and the lumbopelvic region and assessed the appropriate recruitment of the local and global muscles during different task levels. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in muscle thickness in the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles during a common bridging exercise on an unstable surface and to determine whether these changes differ based on the surface used. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young adults (8 males, 17 females) were recruited. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the exercise progression with a sling bridge group or the ball bridging exercise progression group, each with three stages of increasing difficulty. Each position was measured three times with an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system, and the mean values were recorded for analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed between the TrA, IO, or EO muscle thickness ratios between the sling and ball exercise groups (p > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in the EO muscle thickness ratios between the tasks irrespective of whether the sling or ball was used. However, the TrA and IO thickness ratios in both groups were significantly greater during stages 2 and 3 compared to stage 1. Conclusion: The results suggest that the use of slings and balls during bridging exercises is effective in activating the deep abdominal muscles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2009

저작근장애 환자의 근육 평가를 위해 촉진과 압력통각역치가 주로 이용되어 왔으나, 본 연구는 근육의 경도와 탄성도을 정량적으로 측정할 수 있는 촉각센서를 이용하여 저작근을 평가하고, 저작근장애가 안면표정근에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 조사하고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 단국대학교 치과병원 구강내과를 내원한 환자 중 편측 교근에 통증과 압통이 있는 저작근장애 환자 27명으로서 평균연령 $36.4{\pm}13.8$세였다. 근통 외에 턱관절의 이상이나 다른 통증 질환을 함께 가진 환자는 제외하였다. 촉각센서는 Venustron(Axiom Co., JAPAN)을 사용하여 전측두근, 교근, 전두근, 하안륜근, 대관골근, 상하구륜근, 이근에 대한 경도와 탄성도를 측정하였다. 이환측과 비이환측의 근육 경도와 탄성도를 비교하였으며 진단에 따라 국소근동통군과 근막동통군으로 분류하여 비교하였고, 6개월을 기준으로 급성군과 만성군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 편측 저작근장애가 있는 환자의 이환측과 비이환측을 비교했을 때 이환측의 교근과 대관골근에서 근육 경도가 유의성 있게 증가하였고 탄성도는 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 급성군과 만성군, 국소근동통군과 근막동통군 사이에는 유의한 차이없이 이환측 교근과 대관골근에서 경도가 증가하고 탄성도는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 교근에 발생한 저작근통은 교근 뿐아니라 안면표정근인 대관골근의 탄성도과 경도에도 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

가쪽날개근은 턱의 기능을 수행하는데 기본적인 저작근 중의 하나이다. 이 근육은 저작계의 심부에 위치하기 때문에 손가락을 이용한 촉진검사가 어려우며 그 결과도 신뢰할 만하지 못하다. 이러한 이유로 임상의에게 가쪽날개근에 이환된 근육통 질환을 진단하는 것은 쉽지 않은 문제이다. 근육내 국소마취 주사는 통증의 근원지를 감별하는 목적으로서 가쪽날개근을 검사하는 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있다. 또한 근육통을 즉각적으로 제거함으로써 근육을 전체 길이만큼 신장하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 저자들은 근육내 국소마취 주사를 이용하여 가쪽날개근의 근육통을 성공적으로 진단하고 치료한 두 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic (EMG) activity of deep and superficial trunk muscles during trunk stabilization exercises with and without stabilization maneuvers. Methods: The relative muscle activity ratios and local muscle activities of 25 healthy males were measured using the 8 channel surface EMG system (Myosystem 1400A, Noraxon Inc., U.S.A). The surface EMG activities were tested during performing abdominal hollowing maneuver (AHM), abdominal bracing maneuver (ABM) and no stabilization maneuver (NSM) in random order. Data were analyzed using $1{\times}3$ repeated measures ANOVA. Results: During bridging exercises, the EMG activity ratio of transverse abdominis/internal oblique abdominis relative to rectus abdominis was significantly lower in NSM than in AHM and ABM. During bridging and kneeling exercises, the EMG activity ratio of multifidus relative to erector spinae was significantly higher in AHM than in NSM. Conclusion: The AHM can be clinically used by the physical therapist to activate selectively the trunk muscles when designing selective training programs for patients.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.556-562
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• 2020

Neurofibroma is a benign, heterogenous peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from the connective tissue of peripheral nerve sheaths, especially the endoneurium. Its intraoral occurrence is uncommon and its occurrence within mandible is extremely rare. A case of solitary intraosseous neurofibroma of the mandible involving masticator space in a 8-year-old male is reported. He was referred from a private local clinic with a chief complaint of limitation in opening of the mouth. Panoramic and cone-beam computed tomographic images showed unilocular radiolucent lesion with scalloped border at the right mandibular ramus, connected posteriorly to the enlarged mandibular foramen and anteriorly to the mandibular canal. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images showed soft tissue mass of isointensity compared with muscles. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed peripheral enhancement and T2-weighted images showed the heterogeneous hyperintense mass with extension between lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The tumor was surgically removed under general anesthesia and diagnosed to be neurofibroma at the biopsy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.185-193
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms, assessment of muscle spasm and treatments that could apply to clinical field. Spasm is a painful pattern of contraction of muscle caused by chronic or acute trauma, excessive tension, or organic disorders. Aside from pain, muscle spasm creates shortenning of muscles and limits motion. Untreated spasm and protective immobility due to pain lead to decreased local blood flow in the muscles and result in a vicious cycle of muscle spasm and paul. The assessment of muscle spasm involve muscle tone assessment, tissue compliance, and joint ROM. Each of these aessessments utilize as a part of the patient's condition Clinical managements involve drug management and physical therapy. Expecially, physical therapy is one of the most important techniques to reduce muscle spasm. Physical therapy includes applying heat and cold, electrical stimulation, massage, and traction. This investigation should entourage phisical therapists to experiment further with various techniques to reduce muscle spasm.