• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are heterogeneous tumor groups of peripheral nerves that originate from either Schwann cells or modified Schwann cells, fibroblasts, or perineural cells. In this study, signalment and clinical data such as tumor location and size were evaluated for 15 cases of PNSTs collected from local animal hospitals. The mean age of dogs with malignant PNST was higher than that of dogs with benign PNST. Additionally, the male to female ratio in dogs with PNST was 1 : 4. In dogs with PNST, the primary sites of involvement were the hindlimb, forelimb, around the mammary glands, the neck, and the abdomen. Histiopathologic examination revealed that eight PNSTs were benign and seven were malignant. The tumor cells were composed of loosely to densely arranged interlacing bundles and wavy spindle cells arranged in short bundles, palisading, and whirling. High mitotic figures, local invasion, multifocal necrosis and atypical multinucleated giant cells were observed in malignant PNST cases. All PNSTs showed immunoreactivity for vimentin and S-100. However, only 93.3% and 73.3% were immunoreactive for NSE and GFAP, respectively. Overall, these results indicated that immunohistochemical markers such as vimentin, S-100 and NSE could help confirm the diagnosis of canine PNSTs.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 1998

The clinical and pathological features of 35 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer were studied. These tumors occurred in 12 men and 23 women ranging in age from 19 to 83 years(mean age; 61.7 years). A rapidly enlarging thyroid mass was the most common presentation. The duration of the presence of mass varied from 20 days to 12 months with an average of 2.7 months. Systemic metastasis at the time of initial examination was found in 14 patients(40.0%) and the lung was the most common site of involvement. The overall rate of distant metastasis was about 65.7%. The tumors were subdivided morphologically into giant cell type of 10 cases, spindle cell type of 7 cases, epidermoid cell type of 1 cases, and mixed giant cell and spindle cell type of 5 cases. The mean survival period of 6 among 35 patients who had biopsy alone was 1.4 months. The 22 patients underwent the incomplete combined treatment modalities (palliative surgery with or without chemotherpy or radiation therapy) survived for a mean period of 3.0 months, among them, 7 patients who had surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy showed mean survival period of 3.7 months. The mean survival of 7 patients who had complete combined treatment modality(curative surgery combined with chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation therapy) was 6.6 months, only one patient survived for 21 months and one patient has been alive for 1 month after operation, and the others survived for a mean period of 4.8 months. So far, as of July 31, 1998, 34 patients among 35 were died(one has been survived for 1 month) despite the various treatment modalities, and the main cause of death were failure of local control and systemic metastasis. None of the various treatment modalities gave consistently favourable results. However, a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy seemed to have a slight positive effect on survival. Furthermore, the aggressive treatment modalities will be indicated only in the early diagnosed and minimal cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5281-5285
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• 2016

Background: Brachytherapy is the most commonly used conservative treatment for the uveal melanoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic results of Ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy in the management of localized uveal melanoma cases. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of all patients treated in our department for an uveal melanoma, undergoing Ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy, from January 1996 to December 2015. We focused on clinical features, therapeutic characteristics, local and distant tumor control and side effects. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled in our study. Mean age was 56.2 years (28-79) and the sex ratio was 1.37:1 males to females. Diagnosis was made on the basis of ophthalmological clinical examination, angiography, ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance. Median tumor diameter was 9.7 mm (6-13) and median thickness 4.4 mm (2.5-8). The dose of Ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy prescribed to the apex of each tumor was 70 Gy in all cases. The median radiation dose to the sclera surface was 226.4 Gy (range: 179.6-342.3) and the median total application time 115.2 hours (range: 27 to 237). After a median follow-up of 61.5 months, local control was achieved in 17 patients (89%): 16 demonstrated a partial tumor response and 1 tumor stabilization. Two patients suffered local progression leading to enucleation, one dying of hepatic metastasis. Radiation-induced complications were cataracts in 3 cases and vitreal hemorrhage in 2. Conclusion: Ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy is an efficient treatment for localized uveal melanoma, offering good local control with low toxicity.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Background: There have been few studies on the effect of an elevated concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride in the surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of 4% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine as inferior alveolar nerve block for the removal of an impacted lower third molar. Methods: This single-blind study involved 31 healthy patients (mean age: 23 y; range: 19-33 y) with symmetrically impacted lower third molars as observed on panoramic radiographs. Volunteers required 2 surgical interventions by the same surgeon with a 3-week washout period. The volunteers were assigned either 4% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine as local anesthetic during each operation. Results: We recorded the time of administration, need for additional anesthetic administration, total volume of anesthetic used. We found that the patient's preference for either of the 2 types of local anesthetic were significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the extent of pulpal anesthesia, surgical duration, and duration of soft tissue anesthesia were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our study suggested that inferior alveolar nerve block using 4% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic was clinically more effective than that using 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine; the surgical duration was not affected, and no clinically adverse effects were encountered.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.583-588
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• 2010

Purpose: Angiosarcoma is a tumor of mesenchymal origin with an extremely high rate of metastasis and invasiveness. This tumor is notorious for its very poor prognosis, although surgical excision followed by radiation therapy is considered to be effective by many. The authors experienced three angiosarcoma patients with their tumors removed and wounds covered with split-thickness skin grafts and/or latissimus dorsi free flaps. Methods: Three patients were admitted to our hospital showed plaques of different morphology. Based on their medical records, these patients were classified by sex, age, type of reconstruction, recurrence, and further treatment after surgical removal. Results: All patients were male, with a mean age of 72 years (range, 66 to 77 years). Split-thickness skin grafts with latissimus dorsi free flaps were performed on two cases, and of these two cases, cervical lymph node biopsy was done in one case, and radical neck dissection was done in the other. In all cases, radiation therapy was done within two weeks of tumor removal. Distant metastasis occurred without local recurrence in two of the cases. Lung was the first organ affected by metastasis. In the remaining case, the tumor recurred locally 6 times, and additional excision was necessary. All patients died due to local recurrence and lung metastasis. Conclusion: Irregular margins and high recurrence and metastasis rates cause a poor prognosis in large angiosarcoma of the scalp. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be strongly considered in large angiosarcomas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.875-878
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• 2001

Background: Although sclerotherapy is an established procedure in treating varicose veins, a wide disparity remains in the rates of success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of sclerotherapy in combination with compression. Material and Method: From December 2000 to September 2001, a combined total of 50 legs in 39 patients with primary varicose veins were treated with sodium tetradecyl sulfate as sclerosant with the empty vein technique. Immediately after the injection, local compression was increased by a cotton wool roll, and additional compression was obtained with class II medical compression hosiery. Patients were evaluated at 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks for degree of improvement and complications. Result: There were 36 women and 3 men ranging in age from 26 to 66 years, with a mean age of 45.3 years. Good sclerosing results were obtained in all patients. Of fifty legs, five had minor complications, two small intravascular clots, two pigmentations, and one compression-related bulla, which needed no treatment. Conclusion: The use of a cotton wool roll for local compression is highly effective, and sclerotherapy in combination with compression is safe and effective in the treatment of varicose veins.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to report the physical status of adult with cerebral palsy who live in local community areas including Seoul, Busan, Daegu in Republic of Korea at 2004. 202-individuals with cerebral palsy(140 male, 62 female; mean age 31.9 years; range 19 to 64 years) were surveyed. Measures included a 29-item self-reported health status measure focusing on musculoskeletal status and functional performances. Adult cerebral palsy required continuous management for musculoskeletal and ambulatory function through therapeutic approach. This survey is restricted to population who had cared in welfare center for cerebral palsy in local community, so it needs to investigate home-residual adults with cerebral palsy and the population in rural community. The results were as follows: 1. Participants reported that they had a limitation of a daily of life activity due to musculoskeletal pain($43\%$), there was significant differences between a limitation of a daily of life activity and the decreased ambulatory function(p<.05). 2. Thirty six point six percentile of participants had the decreased ADL function, it was significant related with the impaired body location(p<.05) 3. Thirty nine point one percentile of participants who can independently gait had the decreased ambulatory function, it was significant differences with the usage of ambulatory assistive devices(p<.05). 4. There was significant differences ambulatory function both the body region with impairment and a grade of disability(p<.05). 5. Sixteen point three percentile of participants could not ambulate any more, there was significant differences between a age and a point of time for non-ambulation(p<.05). 6. There was significant differences between ambulatory function and physical activity(p<.05).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2793-2796
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• 2014

Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with median survival of approximately 14 months. Management consists of maximal surgical resection followed by post-operative chemoradiation with concurrent then adjuvant temozolamide. The standard radiotherapy dose is 60Gy in 2-Gy fractions recommended by the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG). With the vast majority of tumor recurrences occurring within the previous irradiation field and the poor outcome associated with standard therapy, regimens designed to deliver higher radiation doses to improve local control and enhance survival are needed. In this study, we report a single institutional experience in treatment of 68 consecutive patients with GBM, treated with resection, and given post-operative radiotherapy followed by concurrent and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Of the 80 patients who entered this study, 68 completed the treatment course; 45 (66.2%) males and 23 (33.8%) females with a mean age at diagnosis of $49.0{\pm}12.9$ (21-75) years. At a median follow up of 19 months, 39 (57.3%) patients had evidence of tumor progression and 36 (52.9%) had died. The median over all survival for all patients was 16 months and progression free survival for all patients was 6.02 months. All potential prognostic factors were analyzed to evaluate their effects on overall survival. Age ${\leq}50$ year, concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy and extent of surgery had significant p values. We found lower progression rate among patients who received higher doses of radiotherapy (>60Gy). Higher radiation doses improved progression free survival (p=0.03). Despite increasing overall survival, this elevation was not significant. Conclusions: This study emphasize that higher radiation doses of (>60Gy) can improve local control and potentially survival, so we strongly advise prospective multi centric studies to evaluate the role of higher doses of radiotherapy on GBM patient outcome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.461-472
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• 1994

The main purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of FIPS as an assessment tool for pain in children. The subject were 81 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 14 years old who were experiencing pain from an intramuscular injection. 40 were being seen in a local primary hospital and 41 in a university hospital. The data were collected in two settings at a 6 month interval, the first was on Nov. 5th 1991 in a local clinic by one doctor, the second was on May 1st. 1992 in a university hospital by two nurse. McGrath's(1985) face interval cards and weight box scale which is a numeral scale that contains from one to five boxes of cards were used as measures. To analyze the subject's ability to use the face scale and weight box scale, statistical frequency was employed. To determine the difference in the rated pain in-tensity on the face interval scale and the weight box, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed. To compare the difference in the rated pain intensity of the face interval scale and the weight box scale according to subject's general characteristics, X²-test was employed. The findings were as follows : 1. The subject's ages were from 3 to 14 with a mean age of 8.3 years old. There were 54(66.7%) male children and 27(33.3%) female children. 2. The number of subjects who correctly displayed cards ranging from none to severe pain was 66(81.5%) and the number who correctly compared two cards 3 times was 73(90.l％). 3. Correlation coefficients between each level card of the FIPS and WBS (Weight Box Scale) were r=.52∼.80 P<0.01. 4. There was no statistical difference in rating of the intensity on the FIPS and WBS.(t=1.12∼l.02, P<0.22∼0.45). 5. The differences in rating pain intensity according to the children's general characteristics were re-lated to age(X²=8.94, P<0.05), but not to sex (X²=0.23, P=0.80).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7673-7677
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• 2014

Background: Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Colon cancer risk in IBD increases with longer duration and greater anatomic extent of colitis, the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history of CRC and degree of inflammation of the bowel. This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of benign colorectal diseases among Saudi patients and to highlight age and gender variations of lesions as base line data for future studies to investigate the link between benign/IBD and colorectal cancers in the local population. Materials and Methods: The materials consisted of 684 biopsies, reported as benign (excluding malignancies and polyps) at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. Data collected and entered in MS-Excel and were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: Of 684 colorectal tissues reviewed, 408 specimens (59.6%) were from male patients and 276 specimens (40.4%) were from females giving a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 75 years with a mean of 39.6 years. The most frequent histologic diagnosis was a chronic non specific proctocolitis followed by ulcerative colitis, accounting respectively for 52.6% and 31.7% of all cases. These were followed by Crohn's disease 22 (3.2%), ischemic bowel disease 20 (2.9%), diverticular disease 14 (2%), eosinophilic colitis 12 (1.7%) and solitary rectal ulcer 12 (1.7%). A minority of 21 patients (3.1%) were cases of acute nonspecific proctocolitis, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, volvulus and pseudomembranous colitis. Conclusions: These data show that although chronic non specific proctocolitis and ulcerative colitis were the dominant diagnoses, Crohn's disease, ischemic bowel disease and diverticular disease also existed to a lesser extent and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign colorectal diseases. This study provides a base line data for future studies which would be taken up to investigate the link between benign/IBD and colorectal cancers in the local population.