• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2020

Background Surgical reconstruction of chronic wounds is often infeasible due to infection, comorbidities, or poor viability of local tissues. The aim of this study was to describe the authors' technique for improving the regenerative and antimicrobial potential of a combination of modified nanofat and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in nonhealing infected wounds. Methods Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Fat tissue was harvested from the lower abdomen following infiltration of a solution of 1,000 mL of NaCl solution, 225 mg of ropivacaine, and 1 mg of epinephrine. Aspiration was performed using a 3-mm cannula with 1-mm holes. The obtained solution was decanted and mechanically emulsified, but was not filtered. Non-activated leukocyte-rich PRP (naLR-PRP) was added to the solution before injection. Patients underwent three sessions of injection of 8-mL naLR-PRP performed at 2-week intervals. Results Thirteen of 14 patients completed the follow-up. Complete healing was achieved in seven patients (53.8%). Four patients (30.8%) showed improvement, with a mean ulcer width reduction of 57.5%±13.8%. Clinical improvements in perilesional skin quality were reported in all patients, with reduced erythema, increased thickness, and increased pliability. An overall wound depth reduction of 76.6%±40.8% was found. Pain was fully alleviated in all patients who underwent re-epithelization. A mean pain reduction of 42%±33.3% (as indicated by visual analog scale score) was found in non-re-epithelized patients at a 3-month follow-up. Conclusions The discussed technique facilitated improvement of both the regenerative and the antimicrobial potential of fat grafting. It proved effective in surgically-untreatable infected chronic wounds unresponsive to conventional therapies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2006

Two weeks of therapy with intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral caprofen failed to improve the clinical signs of hip osteoarthritis radiologically confirmed in a dog. Then, over the period of 30 days (7 sessions at 5-day intervals), bee- venom acupuncture (BV-AP, injection of bee venom at acupoints, also called apitoxin-aquapuncture) plus Trigger Point (TP) therapy was used. Five acupoints on the affected right limb were injected each time: GB30(as local point), plus ST35, GB33, BL40 and LIV08 (as distant points). The injection mixture (0.2 ml/point; total 1 ml/session) was saline + apitoxin + 2% lidocaine, so that the injected solution contained $100{\mu}g$ apitoxin diluted in 0.2% lidocaine-saline solution/ml. The total dose of apitoxin used was, therefore, $100{\mu}g/session$, divided over the 5 acupoints. One TP in the middle of the right quadriceps muscle was injected with 2% lidocaine (0.2 ml/point) each time. BV-AP improved the clinical signs rapidly; lameness and ataxia were disappear after 7 sessions (30 days); the right hind limb muscular atrophy was much improved and the hip radiograph was almost normal two weeks after 7 sessions (44 days). The present patient was a case with canine hip osteoarthritis which showed favorable therapeutic response by BV-AP plus TP therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2011

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for wrinkles in human. As well as the anti-wrinkle effects, the anti-pruritic effect of BoNT/A has been revealed from several researches for new therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-pruritic effect of BoNT/A against histamine-induced pruritus on canine skin. Five clinically healthy beagles were included in the study. All dogs were received 0.05 ml (5 Unit) of BoNT/A on the right dorsal thoracic region as an experiment and the same volume of saline solution was injected on the left dorsal thoracic region as a control, respectively. Intradermal histamine injections were performed four times (before treatment and days 1, 3 and 7 after BoNT/A injection). The severity of pruritus, the diameter and thickness of wheal, the erythema index and cutaneous temperature were assessed. The severity of pruritus was reduced on BoNT/A treated sides, compared with saline treated sides (p < 0.05). BoNT/A decreased wheal size, in both diameter and thickness (p < 0.05). Although, erythema index of both sides were increased after first histamine injection, BoNT/A treated sides showed the low-value as compared with saline treated sides. Cutaneous temperature was decreased significantly on BoNT/A treated sides. These results indicates that BoNT/A reduce histamine-induced pruritus on canine skin and suggested a possibility of application of BoNT/A for local intractable dermatologic problem in dogs.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2009

Mongolia has 80% livestock of total agriculture industry, 170,000 farms are engaged, 2,500,000 of cows that were beef and dairy cows are raised. Despite of Mongolian has great application with milk, there are not clear differences between cow and dairy cattle, and the production of milk is also low. But the milk suppliers are varied (horse, sheep, goat, etc), so that the total milk production is 500 thousand ton per year. It's really considerable to improve the breed of owing to many problems with big differences among milk qualities. For carrying out for first year project, artificial insemination project was operated with 3rd grade Holstein semen that were imported from S. Korea, and initiation and field training were also carried out through appropriate AI technique we developed for Mongolia environment. Local information research and MOU conclusion were done with professor D. Altangerel in May $10^{th}{\sim}13^{th}$, 2009, and development for AI technique and AI equipments were supplied for Mongolia breeding and natural environment in July $10^{th}{\sim}17^{th}$ in 2009. All cows were treated by synchronization for AI. To do this, $PGF_{2\alpha}$ injection were treated for luteal phase cow, if it wouldn't work, try again after 11 days. After confirmation of estrus, AI and AI training were carried out with sperm injection in the uterus or cervix by rectum-vagina method which is common worldwide, the most effective artificial insemination technique. If cows were return to next estrus cycle, second AI was carried out about approximately 21 days after artificial insemination. After 2 months, all cows not showing return estrus should be taken pregnancy test. Every pregnant cow will be cared thoroughly. Total 48 cows administrated by $PGF_{2\alpha}$ for synchronization and after 48 hours 45 cows (93.8%) showing estrus were detected and then artificial inseminate them within who 8 cows (27.8%) showed return estrus. Therefore, Using $PGF_2{\alpha}$ for synchronization is effective to use for Mongolia breeding conditions. There are possibility of base for food production after all, including increase of livestock production in Mongolia by improvement of breeding cow with AI and embryo transfer project.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

Recently, a variety of electric anesthetics devices have been developed and used in clinical practice to reduce the fatigue of the operator during local anesthesia for dental procedures and to compensate for the disadvantages of manual anesthesia device. In this electric anesthesia injection device, the accurate and constant delivery of pressure for drug infusion is a very important performance factor. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the transfer pressure, a small pressure gauge using a load cell is often used, but since the elastic body inside the load cell may not be able to accommodate a sufficient displacement, an error may occur when evaluating pressure performance. For these reasons, in this study, we proposed and evaluated a silicon-chrome steel (Si-Cr steel) spring jig that can accommodate relatively large displacements that can be used when evaluating the performance of a pressure-controlled pressure application device using a load cell type pressure gauge. As a result of the pressure transmissibility test and repeated measurement results using a commercial dental anesthesia injection device, a more stable result was obtained when using a spring jig, and it was confirmed that the frequency of abnormally high measurement was reduced.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2010

The use of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine for oral sedation is most effective in children aged less than 36 months and weighing less than 15 kg. Children who do not belong to this category may show frequent movements due to shallow sedation level, and it can lead to sedation failures. One of the solutions to such sedation failure is conversion to deeper sedation. But, it is not so much of an option, since inhalation anesthetics and devices are required. In this case, conversion from oral sedation to intravenous sedation was successfully achieved without causing injection pain while searching for an intravenous route, by using EMLA cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthesia). A patient aged 46 months and weighing 15 kg visited the Pediatric Department of Dankook University Dental Hospital. Treatment under TSD(Tell Show Do) was offered, but due to the parent's request, oral sedative measures were taken. Considering prompt converting from oral sedation to iv sedation in case the oral sedation fails, EMLA cream was apllied preemptively. Adequate sedation level could not be achieved after 90 minutes of oral administration, therefore, under the parent's consent, intravenous route was prepared after conscious sedation by $N_2O-O_2$. During treatment, $ETCO_2$, $SPO_2$ and heart rate was monitored every 5 minutes. The patient showed stable vital signs and did not show any movements. The whole procedure took two and a half hours in total, and the treatment was completed without any adverse effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.129-153
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• 2001

Background: SMG (升麻葛根湯加味方) is an herbal medicine which has been used in oriental medicine as a traditional therapeutic agent of pruritus and skin disease. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of SMG on the anti-hypersensitivity and immune response in the murine of type I hypersensitivity induced by the experiment. Materials and Methods: Laboratory rats were primary sensitized with OA (ovalbumin); on day 1, rats of a Control group and Sample group (SMG group) were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml saline. The rats of the sample group were orally administered with an SMG water extract for 14 days after primary immunization. On day 14 after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling $0.9\%$ saline aerosol containing $2\%$(wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid and peripheral blood were collected from the rats. Total cell, lymphocyte, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+\;T\;cell,\;CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in the BALF, and IgE, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+$ T cell in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results: SMG showed a suppressive effect on the immune response in the rats. 1. Total Cells in the BALF decreased in the SMG treated group in comparison group, but statistic differences were not observed. 2. Total lymphocytes in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 3. CD4+ T cells in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 4. CD8+ T cells in the BALF were decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group, but statistic differences were not observed. 5. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the BALF was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 6. The IgE level in serum was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 7. The ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ in peripheral blood showed undetectable differences between each group of rats. From the experiment cited above, this study shows that SMG has both anti-hypersensitivity effects and immunoregulatory effects when administered to rats. Based on this experiment, it is suggested that SMG could be a useful immunomodulator and anti-allergy agent.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.140-155
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• 2002

Background: SBP(桑白皮)is an herbal medicine which has been used in oriental medicine as a traditional therapeutic agent of bronchial asthma. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of SBP on the anti-hypersensitivity and immune response in the murine of type I hypersensitivity induced by the experiment. Materials and Methods: Laboratory rats were primary sensitized with OA(ovalbumin); on day 1, rats of a Control group and Sample group (SBP group) were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1 mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml saline. The rats of the sample group were orally administered with an SBP water extract for 14 days after primary immunization. On day 14 after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2%(wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid and serum were collected from the rats. Total cell, lymphocyte, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the BALF, and IgE level in serum were measured and evaluated. Results: SBP showed a suppressive effect on the immune response in the rats. 1. Total cells in the BALF decreased in the SBP treated group in comparision to the control group, but statistic differences were not observed. 2. Total lymphocytes in the BALF were statistically decreased in SBP treated group in comparision to the control group. 3. CD4+ T cells in the BALF were statistically decreased in SBP treated group in comparision to the control group. 4. CD8+ T cells in the BALF were not statistically different in SBP treated group and the control group. 5. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the BALF was statistically decreased in SBP treated group in comparision to the control group. 6. The IgE level in serum decreased in the SBP treated group in comparision to the control group, but statistic differences were not observed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.169-180
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• 2003

Background : Allergic asthma is thought to be mediated by $CD4^{+}$ T lymphocytes producing the Th2-associated cytokines. According to investigations of lung biopsies and respiratory secretions from patients, $CD4^{+}$ T cells and eosinophils are the main features of the inflammatory process. Object : This study aimed to find an inhibition effect on allergens induced by JCT (Jungchun-tang) and JCTG (Jungchuntanggagambang) through the change of $CD4^{+}$ T cells and $CD8^{+}$ T cells in BALF of rat, and to see the change of IgE m serum. Materials and Methods : Laboratory rats were primary sensitized with OA (ovalbumin); on day 1, rats of a control group and a sample group (SBP group) were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of A1(OH)3 in a total volume of 2 ml saline. The rats of the sample group were orally administered with an SBP water extract for 14 days after primary immunization. On day 14 after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2%(wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid and serum were collected from the rats. Total cells, lymphocytes, $CD4^{+}$ T cells, $CD8^{+}$ T cells, and $CD4^{+}$/$CD8^{+}$ ratio in the BALF, and IgE level in serum were measured and evaluated. Results : L Total cell in BALF of rat : JCT was observed to be significantly reduced but JCTG had no significant difference in comparison with the control group. 2. Lymphocytes in BALF of rat : JCT and JCTG were observed to be significantly reduced in comparison with the control group. 3. $CD4^{+}$T cells in BALF of rat : JCT was observed to be more significantly reducing than JCTG in comparison with the control group. 4. $CD8^{+}$T cells in BALF of rat : JCT and JCTG were observed not to be significantly different than in the control group. 5. $CD4^{+}/CD8^{+}$ ratio in BALF of rat : JCT and JCTG were observed not to be significantly different than in the control group. 6. The IgE level in serum : JCT and JCTG were observed to be significantly reduced in comparison with the control group. Conclusion : This study shows that JCT inhibits allergen-induced specially select $CD4^{+}$T cell channel in BALF of rat.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2011

Purpose : This post-marketing surveillance study (NCT00750360) assessed the safety and reactogenicity of an inactivated, trivalent split-virion influenza vaccine licensed for use in the Korea since 2002. Methods : Eight hundred and eighty three subjects aged 6 months received a single dose of the ${\geq}$ vaccine; an additional dose was administered to those aged <9 years and unprimed with an influenza vaccine. Four hundred and eleven subjects used diary cards to record safety information; this report presents data from these subjects. Incidence of solicited local, general and unsolicited adverse events (4-days and 21-days post-vaccination follow-up periods, respectively) were recorded. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study period. Results : Injection site pain (subjects aged <6 years: 12.6% of subjects, ${\geq}$6 years: 34.7%), fever (<6 years: 1.3%) and myalgia (${\geq}$6 years: 13.9%) were the most frequently recorded solicited local and general adverse events. Grade 3 solicited adverse events were reported by ${\leq}$4.0% subjects. No vaccine-related SAEs were recorded (KFDA criteria). Conclusion : Considering the vaccine's well-established immunogenicity and its favourable safety and reactogenicity profile across all age groups and its high coverage rate in Korea, it may be recommended as a candidate to facilitate annual seasonal influenza vaccination for all ages as part of the Korean National Immunization Program.