• 산업기술연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.9-16
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• 1981

In the steel Structural design, buckling is the main factor to determine size, particularly in compression member. Buckling may sometimes occur in the form of wrinkles in thin elements, such as webs, flanges, and other parts that make up a section. This phenomenon is called local buckling. The strength of the steel and the rigidity of the frame are considerably deteriorated by the local buckling. The specimens used for this experiments, H-Shape Steel beams composed by fillet-welding, are dessified classified into two groups, ie one for web test and another for flange fest. The aim of this study is to define the influences by the local bucking on the vesisting forces, deformation and the phenomena of the internal forces in the section, and to collect the basic data for design of steel beams.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1761-1771
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• 2018

In this paper, a hysteretic model of rectangular hollow section (RHS) columns that includes the deteriorating range caused by local buckling is proposed. The proposed model consists of the skeleton curve, the Bauschinger part that appears before reaching the maximum strength, the strength increasing part of the deteriorating range, and the unloading part. Of these, the skeleton curve, including the deterioration range caused by local buckling, which is considered to be equivalent to the load-deformation relationship under monotonic loading, is obtained through an analytical method. Bi-linear hysteretic models based on experimental results are applied to the Bauschinger part and the strength increasing part. The elastic stiffness is applied to the unloading part. The proposed model is verified by comparing with experimental results of RHS columns under monotonic and cyclic loading.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.819-823
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• 1996

In the large steel ingosts, void defects exhibiting microvoid shapes are inevitably formed in the V-segregation zone of the ingots during solidification. In the hot open-die forging process, material properties are improved by eliminating internal porosity. The void size is practically very small as compared with the huge large ingot. Thus, for deformation analysis of a large ingot, a massive number of elements are needed in order to describe a void surface and to uniform mesh sturcture. In the present work the Global/Local scheme has been introduced in order to reduce the computational time and to easily generate the mesh system as a void module of local mesh for obtaining the accurate solution around a void. The procedure of the global- local method consists of two steps. In the first step global analysis is carried out which seeks a reasonably good solution with a cpurse mesh system without describing a void. Then, a local analysis is performed locally with a fine mesh system under the size-criterion of a local region. The computational time has been greatly reduced. Though the work it has been shown that large ingot forging incorporation small voids can be effectively analyzed by using the proposed Global/Local scheme.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

Fatigue life prediction of a multi-row countersunk riveted lap joint was performed numerically. The stress and strain conditions in a highly stressed substructure of the joint were analysed using a global/local finite element (FE) model coupling approach. After validation of the FE models using experimental strain measurements, the stress/strain condition in the local three-dimensional (3D) FE model was simulated under a fatigue loading condition. This local model involved multiple load cases with nonlinearity in material properties, geometric deformation, and contact boundary conditions. The resulting stresses and strains were used in the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) strain life equation to assess the fatigue "initiation life", defined as the life to a 0.5 mm deep crack. Effects of the rivet-hole clearance and rivet head deformation on the predicted fatigue life were identified, and good agreement in the fatigue life was obtained between the experimental and the numerical results. Further crack growth from a 0.5 mm crack to the first linkup of two adjacent cracks was evaluated using the NRC in-house tool, CanGROW. Good correlation in the fatigue life was also obtained between the experimental result and the crack growth analysis. The study shows that the selected methodology is promising for assessing the fatigue life for the lap joint, which is expected to improve research efficiency by reducing test quantity and cost.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호통권60호
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• pp.613-625
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• 2002

본 연구는 강한 반복하중하에서 강부재가 파괴에 이르는 손상과정을 규명하고, 손상과 관련된 인자들을 이용하여 손상지수를 제시하며, 이와 관련된 해석 기법을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 제안된 손상평가 방법은 변형이 가장 심하게 집중된 단면에 있어서 국소 변형율의 이력에 초점을 맞추어 유도되었다. 해석모델은 좌굴변형의 발생 방향을 가정한 켄틸레버형 강상자형 부재이다. 파괴에 이르는 중심 압축하중과 일정 압축하중이 가해진 상태에서 반복 제어변위가 작용하는 강부재에 대해 비선형해석을 실시하였다. 본 해석에 적용된 주요 변수는 하중 재하패턴, 강종이다. 각 변수가 파괴모드, 변형능력, 그리고 손상과정에 미치는 영향을 기술하였고, 각각 강종에 따른 파괴 과정을 비교하였다. 그 결과 강한 반복하중하에서의 강부재의 파괴는 국부좌굴에 의해서 결정되고 특히 파괴와 직접적으로 연관성이 있는 국소 소성변형율과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

The high temperature deformation behavior of SiCp/2124Al composite and 2124Al alloy was investigated by hot compression test in a temperature ranged $400~475^{\circ}C$ over a strain rate ranged $10^{-3}~1s^{-1}$. The billets of 2124Al alloy and SiCp/2124Al composite were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing process. The stress-strain curve during high temperature deformation exhibited a peak stress, and then the flow stress decreased gradually into a steady state stress with increasing the strain. It was found that the flow-softening behavior was attributed to the dynamic recovery, local dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation during the deformation. The precipitation phases were identified as S' and S by TEM diffraction pattern. Base on the TEM inspection, the relationship between the Z-H parameter and subgrain size was found based on the experiment data. The dependence of flow stress on temperature and strain rate could be formulated well by a hyperbolic-sinusoidal relationship using the Zener-Hollomon parameter.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2014

The present study deals with two dimensional electro-elastic analysis of a functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) cylinder under internal pressure. Energy method and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) are employed for this purpose. All mechanical and electrical properties except Poisson ratio are considered as a power function along the radial direction. The cylinder is subjected to uniform internal pressure. By supposing two dimensional displacement and electric potential fields along the radial and axial direction, the governing differential equations can be derived in terms of unknown electrical and mechanical functions. Homogeneous solution can be obtained by imposing the appropriate mechanical and electrical boundary conditions. This proposed solution has capability to solve the cylinder structure with arbitrary boundary conditions. The previous solutions have been proposed for the problem with simple boundary conditions (simply supported cylinder) by using the routine functions such as trigonometric functions. The axial distribution of the axial displacement, radial displacement and electric potential of the cylinder can be presented as the important results of this paper for various non homogeneous indexes. This paper evaluates the effect of a local support on the distribution of mechanical and electrical components. This investigation indicates that a support has important influence on the distribution of mechanical and electrical components rather than a cylinder with ignoring the effect of the supports. Obtained results using present method at regions that are adequate far from two ends of the cylinder can be compared with previous results (plane elasticity and one dimensional first order shear deformation theories).

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2008

A hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary code is expanded to simulate flow field around a three-dimensional body which undergoes large dynamic deformation. Immersed boundary nodes are automatically distributed based on the edges crossing triangles on body boundary. Velocity vectors are reconstructed at those immersed boundary nodes along local normal lines to the boundary. The reconstruction of pressure is avoided using the hybrid staggered/non-staggered grid method. The developed code is validated through comparisons with other results on laminar flow over a sphere. The code is applied to simulate flow around a foil which is attached to a body of revolution and rotates under periodic deformation. The periodic variation of the tip vortex is observed and the effects of the deformation on hydrodynamic force acting on the body are investigated.

• 지질공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

경상북도 안동시 임동면에 위치한 999번 지방도로 위리 지역에 고개 마루를 절취하여 도로 개설공사를 시행한 후, 강우량이 많을 때 산측이 침하하고 도로가 융기하는 등 사면이 불안정하게 활동하였다. 이 연구에서는 위리 지역의 변형 발생의 원인을 분석하고, 수치해석을 통하여 연구지역 사면의 안정성을 평가하였다. 연구지역은 백악기 셰일, 이암 및 사암으로 구성되어 있으며, 북북서 및 북북동 방향의 두 개의 단층이 분포하고 있다. 사면의 변형은 지하수위의 증가에 따른 단층 점토의 전단강도 감소, 간극수압의 증가, 단위중량의 증가 등으로 인하여 단층을 따라 사면이 이동하면서 발생하며, 위의 여러 요인 중에서 단층 점토의 전단강도 감소가 사면의 변형에 가장 큰 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 사면의 안정성 및 변형정도를 파악하기 위하여 사면에 8개의 단면을 설정한 후 한계평형법, 유한 요소법 및 유한 차분법을 이용하여 해석을 실시하였다. 해석 결과, 지하수위가 단층면 아래에 분포할 때 안전율은 1.7 이상이지만, 지하수위가 지표면까지 상승하면 안전율은 1.0 이하로 감소하고, 15~30cm의 변위가 발생하는 것으로 해석되어 위리 지역에 발생한 변형과 거의 유사한 결과를 보여준다. 안정화 공사가 끝난 현재에는 지하수위가 지표면에 도달하여도 각 단면의 안전율은 2.4 이상이고 2.8cm이하의 변위가 발생하여, 이 지역의 사면은 매우 안정한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 평면 형상에 대해 국소적 형태를 보존하는 형상 변형 기법의 시각적 품질을 향상시키기 위한 개선된 형상 변형 에너지를 제안한다. 형상 변형 에너지는 대개 형상의 윤곽선 변형 품질을 유지하기 위해 라플라시안 좌표, 형상 내부의 변형 품질을 유지하기 위한 평균값 좌표와 간선 길이 제한조건, 사용자 지정 정점의 위치 제한조건 등으로 구성된다. 형상 변형 기법은 사용자 지정 정점의 위치가 변화할 때, 정의된 형상 변형 에너지의 변화를 최소화하는 비선형 최소자승 최적화 기법을 사용하여 다른 모든 정점의 위치를 계산할 수 있다. 그러나, 사용자 지정 정점의 위치가 빠르게 변화하면, 형상의 라플라시안 벡터의 크기와 간선의 방향에 큰 변화가 발생하여 변형 결과의 시각적 품질이 급격히 감소하는 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 라플라시안 벡터의 크기와 간선의 방향 변화를 제한할 수 있는 새로운 제한 조건을 사용한 개선된 형상 변형 에너지를 제시한다. 개선된 변형 에너지는 최적화 수행 시간이 근소하게 증가하지만, 형상의 윤곽과 내부에서 변형 오차를 크게 줄일 수 있어 시각적으로 우수한 변형 결과를 얻을 수 있다.