• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2020

Background Conventional methods of external bleeding for congested fingertip replants exhibit notable problems, including uncontrollable bleeding and unpredictable survival of the replant. We have added a local injection of heparin calcium to the routine use of systemic heparinization for inducing external bleeding. We retrospectively examined patients who underwent external bleeding using our method. Methods Local subcutaneous injections of heparin calcium were made in 15 congested replants in addition to systemic heparinization. Each injection ranged from 500 to 5,000 U. The average duration of the injections was 4.1 days. Surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared with a control group of patients who underwent external bleeding without heparin calcium. Results The overall survival rate was 93.3%, which was higher than that of the control group (83.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.569). The survival rate for subzones I and II by the Ishikawa subzone classification was 100%, whereas it was 87.5% in subzones III and IV. No statistically significant difference was observed. The rate of partial necrosis was 0% in subzones I and II, whereas it was significantly higher (66.7%) in subzones III and IV (P=0.015). The mean total blood loss via external bleeding was 588 g in 10 fingers. No patients required blood transfusion. Conclusions Congestion of a replanted fingertip can be successfully managed without blood transfusion by our method. Although complete relief from congestion in replants in subzones I and II is achievable, there is a higher risk of partial necrosis in subzones III and IV.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2016

Purpose: In a previous study, the transmembrane protein FXYD-3 was suggested as a biomarker for a lower survival rate and reduced radiosensitivity in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of preoperative irradiation in rectal cancer is to reduce local recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of FXYD-3 as a biomarker for increased risk for local recurrence of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: FXYD-3 expression was immunohistochemically examined in surgical specimens from a cohort of patients with rectal cancer who developed local recurrence (n = 48). The cohort was compared to a matched control group without recurrence (n = 81). Results: Weak FXYD-3 expression was found in 106/129 (82%) of the rectal tumors and strong expression in 23/129 (18%). There was no difference in the expression of FXYD-3 between the patients with local recurrence and the control group. Furthermore there was no difference in FXYD-3 expression and time to diagnosis of local recurrence between patients who received preoperative radiotherapy and those without. Conclusion: Previous findings indicated that FXYD-3 expression may be used as a marker of decreased sensitivity to radiotherapy or even overall survival. We were unable to confirm this in a cohort of rectal cancer patients who developed local recurrence.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1994

Purpose : Maxillary sinus cancers usually are locally advanced and involve the structures around sinus. It is uncommon for this cancer to spread to the regional lymph-nodes. For this reason, local control is of paramount important for cure. A policy of combined treatment is generally accepted as the most effective means of enhancing cure rartes. This paper reports our experience of a retrospective study of 31 Patients treated with radiation therapy alone and combination therapy of surgery and radiation. Materials and Methods: Between July 1974 and January 1992, 47 Patients with maxillary sinus cancers underwent either radiation therpay alone or combination therapy of surgery and radiation. Of these, only 31 patients were eligible for analysis. The distribution of clinical stage by the AJCC system was $26\%$(8/31) for T2 and $74\%$(23/31) for T3 and T4. Eight patients had palpable lymphadenopathy at diagnosis. Primary site was treated by Cobalt-60 radiation therapy using through a $45^{\circ}$ wedge-pair technique. Elective neck irradiation was not routinely given. Of these 8 patients, the six who had clinically involved nodes were treated with definite radiation therapy. The other two patients had received radical neck dissection. The twenty-two patients were treated with radiation alone and 9 patients were treated with combination radiation therapy, The RT alone patients with RT dose less than 60 Gy were 9 and those above 60 Gy were 13. Results : The overall 5 year survival rate was $23.8\%$. The 5 year survival rate by T-stage was $60.5\%$ and $7.9\%$ for T2 and T3,4, respectively. Statistical significance was found by T-stage(p<0.005). The 5 year survival rate by N-stage was $30\%$ for N (-) and $8.3\%$ for N(+), but statistically no significant difference was seen(p${\geq}$0.1). The 5 year survival rate for RT alone and combination RT was $22.5\%$ and $27.4\%$, respectively. The primary local control rate was $65\%$ (20/31). Conclusion : This study did not show significant difference in survival between RT alone and combination RT. There is still much controversy with regard to which treatment is optimum. Improved RT technique and development of multimodality treatment are essential to improve the local control and the survival rate in patients with advanced maxillary sinus cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4163-4167
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• 2012

Aims: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of moderately hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials: From Sept. 2002 to Oct, 2005, 150 eligible patients with T2-4N0-1M0 stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancers were enrolled to receive either conventional fractionated radiation (CFR) or moderately hypofractionated radiation (MHR) with a three-dimensional conformal radiation technique. Of the total, 74 received moderately hypofractionated radiation with total dose of 54-60Gy/18-20fractions for 3.5-4 weeks in the MHR arm, and 76 received conventional radiation with total dose of 60Gy/30 fractions for 6 weeks in the CFR arm. Concurrent chemotherapy comprised of paclitaxel and cisplatin. Safety was evaluated, and local control and overall survival rates were calculated. Results: Statistically significant differences between the CFR versus MHR arms were observed in local/regional failure rate (47.3% v 27.0%, P=0.034) and the percentage of patients with persistent local disease (26.3% v 10.8%, P=0.012). But 3 and 5-year overall survival rates (43.2%, 38.8% v 38.2%, 28.0%, respectively) were not different between the two arms (P=0.268). There were no significant differences in the incidences of grade 3 or higher acute toxicities (66.3% v 50.0%) and late complications rates (27.0% v 22.4%) between the MHR and CFR arms. Conclusions: Moderately hypofractionated, three-dimensional radiation treatment could improve the local control rate of esophageal cancer and potentially increase patients' survival.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2001

The local heat transfer of an axisymmetric submerged air jet impinging on a heated flat plate is investigated experimentally with the variation of mesh-screen solidity. The screen installed in front of the nozzle exit modifies the flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles of streamwise velocity component are measured using a hot-wire anemometry. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface is measured with thermocouples. The smoke-wire flow visualization technique was employed to understand the near-field flow structure qualitatively for different mesh screens. Large-scale toroidal vortices and high turbulence intensity enhance the heat transfer rate in the stagnation region. For a higher solidity, turbulence intensity become higher which increases the local heat transfer at small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<6. The local and average Nusselt numbers of impinging jet from the $\sigma$(sub)s=0.83 screen at L/D=2 are about 5.6∼7.5% and 7.1% larger than those for the case of no screen, respectively. For the nozzle-to-plate spacings larger than 6, however, the turbulence intensities for all tested screens approach to an asymptotic curve and the mean velocity along the jet centerline decreases monotonically. As the nozzle-to-plat spacing increases for high solidity screens, the heat transfer rate decreases due to the reduction in turbulence intensity and jet momentum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1996

목적 : FIGO 병기 Ib 자궁경부편평상피암 환자에서 고선량율 강내치료를 이용한 방사선치료후 환해율, 5년 국소제어을, 5년 생존율 및 예후인자, 방사선 합병증을 분석하여 고선량율 강내치료의 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 그리고 심각한 후기 합병증 없이 만족스런 국소 제어율을 얻기 위한 외부방사선선량과 강내치료선량의 최적 선량배합을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1979. 5 - 1990. 12월 까지 연세암센타 치료방사선과에서 자궁경부 편평상피암 FlGO 병기 Ib로 진단된후 근치적 목적하에 외부 및 강내치료를 받은 162명의 환자들을 대상으로 치료 결과를 후향적 분석하였다. 외부 방사선 치료는 LINAC 10MV X-ray를 이용해 180-200cGy/fr씩 4000-4600cGy14.5-5주를 전골반 부위에 시행하였근데, 일부환자에서 2000-4000 cGy에서 중앙차폐(midline block)를 시행하였다. 코발트 선원을 이용한 원격 조정 아프터 로딩 고선량율 강내치료를 A점에 1회당 300cGy씩 주 3회, 총 10-13회 (3000-3900 cGy)실시하여 A 점에 들어간 총방사선 조사량은 6420 - 9500cGy 으로 평균 8394 cGy 였다. 결과 : 방사선 치료후 완전 관해율은 $99.4\%$ 였다. 5년 전체생존율은 $91.1\%$이고, 5년 무병생존율은 $90.9\%$였다. 추적 관찰 기간동안 치료 실패 양상을 관찰해 보면 국소 실패만 보인 경우는 7명이었고 원격전이만 보인경우가 6명이었으며, 국소 및 원격전이가 모두 발생한 경우가 1예 있어서 국소제어 실괘율은 $4.9\%$(8/163), 원격전이율은 $4.3\%$(7/164)였다. 후기 합병증은 38명 ($23.5\%$)에서 발생하였초, 그 중 30병 직장 합병증으로 $18.5\%$ 후기 합병증 발생율을 보였고, 방광 합병증은 8명에서 발생하여 $4.9\%$ 후기 합병증 발생율을 보였다. 직장 합병증이 생긴 환자관에서 직장에 소사된 방사선량은 평균 7887 cGy 이었고, 합병증이 발생하지 않은 환자군의 평균조사량은 7488 cGy이었다. 결론 : 근치적 목적으로 외부 방사선 치료 및 고선량률 강내 치료는 FIGO병기 Ib 자궁경 부편평상피암을 치료하는데 매우 효과석이라 생각하였고, 외부방사선치료중 중앙차폐를 시행하여 A점 선량이 75Gy를 넘지 않게 방사선치료 설계를 하면 심각 합병증없이 좋은 치료성적을 얻을 수 있겠다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 1996

목적 : 국한성 소세포폐암에 대한 임상적 특성, 방사선치료에 의한 국소관해율과 생존율 그리고 재발양상 등을 분석하여 향후 보다 나은 치료법을 모색하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년 2월부터 1992년 12월까지 국립의료원 치료방사선과에서 국한성병기의 소세포폐암으로 진단되어 방사선치료 및 화학치료의 병용요법으로 치료한 26예의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 치료성적을 분석하였다. 대부분의 방사선치료환자(전체 환자의 $75\%$)들은 4,000-5,500cGy 범위에서 조사받았다. 환자에 대한 추적율은 $81\%$였으며 생존율은 Kaplan-Meler법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 중앙생존기간은 12개월이었고 1년 및 2년생존율은 각각 $65.3\%$와 $15.4\%$였다. 방사선치료후 완전관해율은 $50\%$, 부분관해율은 $23\%$였으며 중앙생존기간은 각각 15개월 및 11개월이었다. 유도 항암제요법후 부분관해 이상의 관해율은 $54\%$였으나 방사선치료를 추가하므로써 부분관해 이상의 관해율이 $73\%$로 향상되였다. 치료에 대한 반응의 정도에 따라서 환자의 중앙생존기간의 차이를 보여 완전관해군은 15개월, 부분관해군은 11개월, 무반응군은 10개월이었다. 방사선 선량에 따른 반응율은 4,000cGy 이하에서는 $66\%$, 4,000-5,000cGy 에서는 $69\%$, 5,000cGy 이상은 $86\%$였다. 치료실패는 전체 환자의 $81\%$인 21예에서 관찰되었으며 국소재발은 9예, 국소재발 및 원격전이를 보인 군은 3예, 원격전이만 보인 군은 9예였다. 결론 : 국한성병기의 소세포폐암을 유도항암제요법으로 치료한 결과 반응율이 $54\%$에 불과 하였으나 방사선치료를 추가하므로써 국소반응율을 $73\%$로 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 향후 보다 높은 국소제어율을 얻기 위해서는 방사선 조사선량을 5,000cGy 이상으로 증가시킬 필요가 있으며 치료실패의 원인인 국소재발 및 원격전이를 방지하기 위해서는 보다 반응이 좋은 복합화학치료가 필요하다. 최근 국소병변의 완전관해율과 생존율을 높이기 위해서 활발히 시행하고 있는 방사선치료 및 약물요법(concurrent chemoradlotherapy)을 동시에 시행하는 치료법을 본원에서는 추후에 시도할 예정이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1992

국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암(종괴크기가 5 cm이상혹은 FIGO병기 III, IV) 환자에 있어 방사선 치료 단독으로 근치적치료를 시행한 경우 골반내에서 약 50$\%$까지의 높은 재발율이 보고되고 있다. 따라서 이들 환자에 있어서 국소관해율 및 생존율을 증가 시키기 위하여 본 연구에서는 방사선 민감제로서 가장 효과적인 약제로 알려진 cisplatin을 방사선치료와 동시에 투여하는 방사선-화학요법을 시행하였다. 1988년 5월부터 1991년 9월까지 인제대학교 부속 서울백병원치료방사선과에서 자궁경부암으로 진단된 환자중 국소적으로 진행된(FIGO병기 III, IV, 종괴크기가 5 cm이상의 IIb) 환자로서 방사선치료와 cispiatin의 동시병행요법이 시행되었던 12명을 대 상으로 후향적 임상분석을 하였다. 12명의 환자에 대한 치료는 골반부위에 5000 cGy이상 (4980-6480 cGy)의 외부방사선치료및 1회이상의 강내치료가 시행되었고 동시에 cisplatin 50 mg을 1주 간격으로 반복투여하였다. 총 투여횟수는 $3\~7$회로 평균 5회였다. 추적기간은 $3\~53$개월 (중앙값 34개월) 이며, 연령 분포는 $26\~69$세(중앙값 54세) 였다. 병기별 분포는 IIb, III, IV가 각각 5, 3, 4명 이었다. 조직학적 분류상 편평상피세포암이 11명 이었다. 11명의 관찰대상중 완전관해는 7명 ($64\%$), 부분관해는 4명 ($35\%$)에서 이루어졌다. 7명의 완전관해중 6명이 무병상태였다. 관찰종로시의 전체국소관해율은 $73\%$로서 완전관해군은 $100\%$, 부분관해군은 $25\%$,에서 국소관해를 보였다. 병기별 생존분포를 보면 FIGO병기 IIb, III, IV에서 각각 4/4, 2/3, l/3 이었으며 5년생존율은 $61\%$이었다. 사망자는 4명으로 이중 3명은 일차적인 질병으로, 1명은 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 재발환자는 3명으로 국소재발이 1명, 원격전이가 1명, 국소재발과 원격전이가 1명 이었다. 병합치료에 의한 독성을 살펴보면 오심증상이 3명, 식욕부진이 4명, 백혈구감소증이 4명, 그리고 혈소판감소증이 1명에서 관찰되었다. 다른 1명은 치료종료후 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 그 외의 혈액적독성, 신독성의 증상을 나타낸 경우는 없어 cisplatin 추가에 의한 독성은 경미한 것으로 나타났다. 국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암 환자에서 방사선-화학요법을 동시 병행할 경우 국소관해율이 $100\%$(완전관해율이 $64\%$)이었고 골반내 재발율은 $27\%$, 이었으며 cisplatin추가로 인한 독성은 경미하였다. 이는 대조군과 비교할때 보다 나은 성적으로 예비결과이기는 하나 국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암환자에서 방사선치료와 cisplatin 동시 병행요법이 국소관해율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.866-871
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to determine the effects of feeding duckweed (Lemna minor) that replaced commercial protein supplements in diets for local and Cherry Valley breeding ducks. The experiment included a total of 180 ducks, with five treatments and three replicates and six breeding ducks (one male plus five females together) per replicate, for both local and exotic Cherry Valley ducks. The five diets were fed ad libitum and were based on rice byproducts supplemented with roasted soya bean meal plus dried fishmeal at levels of 100% (SF100, control), 75 (SF75), 50 (SF50), 25 (SF25) or zero (SF0) % of the protein in the control diet, corresponding to 18, 15, 13, 10 and 8% CP in the diets for both breeds, respectively. Fresh duckweed was supplied ad libitum for all treatments. These diets were fed to local breeding ducks from 7 to 12 months of age, and to exotic breeding ducks (Cherry Valley) from 8 to 13 months of age. Total mean daily dry matter (DM) intakes were 183, 178, 176, 177 and 174 g (p<0.05) for the local ducks, and 221, 208, 215, 219 and 210 g (p<0.01) for the exotic ducks for the SF100 (control), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 diets, respectively. Laying rates of the local ducks were 66.5, 65.2, 62.9, 63.1 and 62.3%, and of the Cherry Valley ducks 61.9, 58.4, 58.9, 59.1 and 53.5% (p<0.001) for the control (SF100), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Fertile egg rates were 95.6, 95.6, 97.8, 97.8 and 92.2%, and hatchabilities 89.4, 80.6, 87.2, 88.6 and 77.8% (p<0.05) for the local breed, and 97.8, 97.8, 91.1, 92.2 and 90.0% (p<0.05) and 72.8, 74.7, 75.0, 74.3 and 76.7% for the Cherry Valley ducks for diets SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0, respectively. Corresponding feed conversion ratios (dry matter basis) were 3.83, 3.82, 3.89, 4.01 and 3.96 kg feed per kg egg mass for the local ducks and 4.52, 4.56, 4.58, 4.73 and 5.02 kg feed per kg egg mass for the Cherry Valley ducks for the SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Replacement of 100% of the protein supplement by fresh duckweed in the diets of the local laying ducks decreased the feed costs by 25% compared to the control diet.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.865-870
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• 2001

For pneumatic system control, we need a data transmission system with high speed and high reliability or information interchange between main computer and solenoid valves and I/O devices. This paper presents a set of design techniques for a data communication system that is mainly used for pneumatic system control. For this purpose, we first designed hardware modules for an interface between central control module and local node that handles the operation of solenoid valves. In addition we developed a communication protocol for construction of RS-485 based multidrop network, and this protocol is basically designed with a kind of polling technique. Finally we evaluated performance of the developed system. The field test results show that, even under high noise environment, the data transmission of 375Kbps rate is possible up to 1,000m without using repeater. In addition, the system developed in this research is proved to be used easily for extension of a communication network because of its module structure.