• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the patterns of recurrence in patients with neuroblastoma treated with radiation therapy to the primary tumor site. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with high-risk neuroblastoma managed with definitive treatment with radiation therapy to the primary tumor site between January 2003 and June 2017. These patients underwent three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy. A total of 14-36 Gy was delivered to the planning target volume, which included the primary tumor bed and the selected metastatic site. The disease stage was determined according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS). We evaluated the recurrence pattern (i.e., local or systemic), progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: A total of 40 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were included in this study. The median patient age was 4 years (range, 1 to 11 years). Thirty patients (75%) had INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma. At the median follow-up of 58 months, there were 6 cases of local recurrence and 10 cases of systemic recurrence. Among the 6 local failure cases, 4 relapsed adjacent to the radiation field. The other 2 relapsed in the radiation field (i.e., para-aortic and retroperitoneal areas). The main sites of distant metastasis were the bone, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The 5-year progression-free survival was 70.9% and the 5-year overall survival was 74.3%. Conclusion: Radiation therapy directed at the primary tumor site provides good local control. It seems to be adequate for disease control in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma after chemotherapy and surgical resection.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.403-405
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.528-533
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• 2004

The purpose of this thesis is to construct the autonomous decentralized train traffic management structure using techniques of Autonomous Decentralized System. Currently, a method of train traffic control is making use of CTC(Centralized Traffic Control). Its operation method is divided into the remote mode and the local mode. The classified basis is according to the control authority of install signals in track side. In most cases, a large scale station is operated by the local mode. Because of dispatchers in center can not control the shunting works influence on the main route. In order to solve these problem s, we analyzed a current operation condition and system requirements. Moreover, this thesis is constructing autonomous decentralized train traffic management structure. Finally, this research proposed that interface with CTC and step-by-step construction.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-field radiation therapy for patients with thoracic superficial esophageal cancer (SEC). Materials and Methods: From May 2007 to October 2016, a total of 24 patients with thoracic SEC (T1a and T1b) who underwent definitive radiotherapy and were analyzed retrospectively. The median total radiotherapy dose was 64 Gy (range, 54 to 66 Gy) in conventional fractionation. All 24 patients received radiotherapy to whole thoracic esophagus and 23 patients received elective nodal irradiation. The supraclavicular lymph nodes, the celiac lymph nodes, and both of those nodal areas were included in 11, 3, and 9 patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up duration was 28.7 months (range 7.9 to 108.0 months). The 3-year overall survival, local control, and progression-free survival rates were 95.2%, 89.7%, and 78.7%, respectively. There were 5 patients (20.8%) with progression of disease, 2 local failures (8.3%) and 3 (12.5%) regional failures. Three patients also experienced distant metastasis and had died of disease progression. There were no treatment-related toxicities of grade 3 or higher. Conclusion: Definitive extended-field radiotherapy for thoracic SEC showed durable disease control rates in medically inoperable and endoscopically unfit patients. Even extended-field radiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation was safe without grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate intracranial control after surgical resection according to the adjuvant treatment received in order to assess the optimal radiotherapy (RT) dose and volume. Materials and Methods: Between 2003 and 2015, a total of 53 patients with brain oligometastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent metastasectomy. The patients were divided into three groups according to the adjuvant treatment received: whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) ${\pm}$ boost (WBRT ${\pm}$ boost group, n = 26), local RT/Gamma Knife surgery (local RT group, n = 14), and the observation group (n = 13). The most commonly used dose schedule was WBRT (25 Gy in 10 fractions, equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions [EQD2] 26.04 Gy) with tumor bed boost (15 Gy in 5 fractions, EQD2 16.25 Gy). Results: The WBRT ${\pm}$ boost group showed the lowest 1-year intracranial recurrence rate of 30.4%, followed by the local RT and observation groups, at 66.7%, and 76.9%, respectively (p = 0.006). In the WBRT ${\pm}$ boost group, there was no significant increase in the 1-year new site recurrence rate of patients receiving a lower dose of WBRT (EQD2) <27 Gy compared to that in patients receiving a higher WBRT dose (p = 0.553). The 1-year initial tumor site recurrence rate was lower in patients receiving tumor bed dose (EQD2) of ${\geq}42.3Gy$ compared to those receiving <42.3 Gy, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.347). Conclusions: Adding WBRT after resection of brain oligometastases from NSCLC seems to enhance intracranial control. Furthermore, combining lower-dose WBRT with a tumor bed boost may be an attractive option.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1131-1135
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate interoperative radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery in early breast cancer patients in terms of postoperative complications, cosmetic outcome and recurrence events. Methods: From June 2007 to Dec 2011, 143 early breast cancer patients received breast conservative surgery. Seventy-two (study group) received interoperative radiotherapy, compared with 71 patients (control group) given routine radiotherapy. Postoperative complications were evaluated 1 month after surgery; cosmetic outcome was evaluated 1 year postoperatively; recurrence and death events were followed up. Results: The average wound healing time was 13~22 d in the study group and 9~14 d in the control group. In the study group, 2 patients developed lyponecrosis, 16 patients showed wound edema while no such side effects were found in the control group. No infection or hematomas were found in either group. In the study group (59 cases), overall cosmetic outcome in 53 patients was graded as excellent or good, and in 6 as fair or poor. Meanwhile in the control group (56 cases), 42 patients were graded as excellent or good, and 14 as fair or poor (P=0.032). After a follow-up from 3 to 54 months (median: 32 months), two patients (2.78%) in study group developed local relapses, one of them (1.39%) died, 2 patients (2.78%) developed bone metastases. In control group, one patient (1.41%) developed local relapse, 2 patients (2.82%) developed bone metastases, and no one died. Conclusion: Intraoperative radiotherapy is safe and reliable with good cosmetic outcome.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.46-56
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• 2001

The present study concerns the numerical simulation of a supply airflow control in a variable air volume (VAY) system. A stratified thermal model (multi-zone model) is suggested to predict a local thermal response of an air-conditioned space. The effects of various thermal parameters such as the cooling system capacity, the thermal mass of an air-conditioned space, the time delay of thermal effect, and the building envelope heat transmission are investigated. Further, the influence of control parameters such as the supply air temperature, the PI control factor and the thermostat location on a VAV system is quantitatively delineated. The results obtained show that the previous homogeneous lumped thermal model (single zone model) may overestimate the time taken to the set point temperature. It is also found that there exist the appropriate ranges of the control parameters for the optimal airflow control of the VAV system.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

Administrative works of local governments in Japan always have been led by central government. Local government organizations have gotten used to control of central government, whose organization is divided vertically into divisions. Such organizations as lack of cooperation of each administrative division could not define strategic goal appropriate for their district independently and could not give an efficient and optimized solution to their strategic goal. Under existing management system, it will be difficult for local governments to rapidly adapt to changing society. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for local governments to structure new management system independent on central government's instructions in order to manage appropriately.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.719-728
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• 2023

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely used to manage hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) equal to or smaller than 3 cm. No-touch RFA has gained attention and has recently been implemented in local ablation therapy for HCCs, despite its technical complexity, as it provides improved local tumor control compared to conventional tumor-puncturing RFA. This article presents the practice guidelines for performing no-touch RFA for HCCs, which have been endorsed by the Korean Society of Image-Guided Tumor Ablation (KSITA). The guidelines are primarily designed to assist interventional oncologists and address the limitations of conventional tumor-puncturing RFA with describing the fundamental principles, various energy delivery methods, and clinical outcomes of no-touch RFA. The clinical outcomes include technical feasibility, local tumor progression rates, survival outcomes, and potential complications.