• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2004

This study aims to review the environmental impact assessment systems of Japanese local governments, to compare its outcome with the systems of Korean local governments, and to suggest the development direction for the environmental impact assessment systems of Korean local governments based on the result. The study results showed that, first, due to distinction in the political systems of Japan and Korea, while Japan has bottom-up environmental impact assessment systems, Korea has topdown environment impact assessment systems. Second, although introduction of national systems on planning was put on hold as a future initiative, local governments including Tokyo and Saitama are experimenting evaluation procedures tailored to local features by legislating them as regulations. On the other hand, while 'prior environmental review system' was in effect as a national system, nothing was practiced at all by local governments. Third, in a total of 47 Japanese local governments, about 45 projects and 44 assessment items were added to local government environmental impact assessment only and designated as target projects and assessment items. Fourth, in both national and local environment impact assessment systems in Japan, screening procedures to determine assessment by separating into Type 1 projects and Type 2 projects and scoping procedures to discuss assessment items in advance were introduced and in effect. This Japanese EIA system may serve as a good reference to the Korean national and local government EIA systems.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2003

This study aims to survey whether local governments have legislated laws and regulations on environment impact assessment system, to compare and analyze specific projects and their scale, assessment items, and procedures & discussion process, to identify issues and generate improvement plans, and to suggest a direction for future legislation to local governments that plan to legislate laws and regulations in the future. Major outcome of the study are as follows. First, terminologies used for environment impact assessment by local governments need to be unified. Also, laws and regulations need to be legislated soon. Second, in "urban development project" areas, a total of nine project areas including "quarrying of soil and stone, sand, gravel, and minerals" was essential common projects. A total of six project types were added or newly established compared to national systems. Among them, four project types were added within national-level project areas and two project types were not available under the national-level project areas and newly added due to the nature of local governments. Third, in terms of project scale, scale enhancement of "urban development project" was most common. Analysis showed that in case of clean natural environment such as Cheju Island, it is necessary to consider reinforcing project areas where development activities take place directly in forests or rivers such as "industrial base and complex development", "water resource development", and "development of tourism complex." Fourth, the discussion and review procedures of assessment reports were similar to those at government level. However, in case of Seoul city, it is required to write a "preparation plan" before drafting an assessment report. The city features partial introduction of scoping and screening, which allows to exempt discussion procedures if impact on environment is found to be minimal after drafting the assessment report. In case of national-level, it has a dual system that is split between Ministry of Construction and Transportation and Ministry of Environment. However, in case of environment impact assessment of local governments, it is a single system where city mayors and provincial governors are in charge of both project execution and environmental assessment. Therefore, the most important task is how to satisfy objectiveness and accountability.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2001

This paper presents the policy directions of total maximum daily loads(TMDL), which was recently adopted in Korea, for scientific management of water quality. The basic principles of water quality management are also discussed in this paper, along with the TMDL policy in United States as well as the previous policy in Korea. We discussed several unreasonable points out of the previous approaches, such as regulation of all point sources with equal standards, negligence of an assimilative capacity of the receiving water, and emphasis only on drinking water supply, etc.. For successful applications of the TMDL policy in Korea, the following directions are suggested: 1) the unit drainage basin for each TMDL application should be given, 2) the water body where the water quality standards should be maintained, needs to be guided, 3) the water quality parameters of TMDL should be given, 4) the technical guidances should be given for applications of water quality models, and 5) the seasonal TMDL would be allowed. In order to maximize the benefits of the TMDL policy, the local governments would need to implement the following strategies: 1) the increment of an assimilative capacity of the receiving water, 2) the effective controls of the non-point source pollution, 3) the advanced treatment of the point sources, 4) application of system optimization techniques along with effluent trade, and 5) utilization of watershed management systems.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.296-314
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• 2014

우리나라의 공공하수처리시설 방류수 수질기준을 마련하는데 있어 기준설정 근거를 명확히 하는 것과 하수처리시설의 운영조사를 근거로 적정성 여부를 검토할 수 있는 종합적인 기준설정 체계를 마련할 필요가 있다. 미국은 연방정부가 POTW에 대한 최소한의 항목과 기준의 가이드라인을 제시하며, 지방정부는 국가 가이드라인과 동일하거나 주별 특성을 반영하여 보다 엄격한 가이드라인을 제시하도록 하고 있다. 일본의 경우 하수도법상 방류수 수질기준에서 하수처리시설 구조 기술상의 기준을 만족하여야 하고 방류수 수질기준과 공공수역으로의 배수기준을 동시에 적용하도록 하고 있으며 이에 대한 세부항목 및 기준은 지자체 조례로 규정하고 있다. 유럽의 경우 하수처리시설 방류수 수질기준은 공공수역에 대한 부영양화의 민감성에 따라 수질기준 항목을 차등하여 적용하고, 수계로 배출되는 오염물질 부하량에 따라 수질기준을 차등하여 적용하고 있다. 우리나라도 공공하수처리시설 방류수 수질기준 설정 시 미국 국가오염물질배출삭감제도 또는 유럽 통합환경관리제도에서와 같이 통계적 평균값 및 처리효율 또는 최적처리기술을 적용한 방류수 수질기준을 설정하는 체계를 도입하는 것이 필요하다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.214-229
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• 2023

본 연구는 농업·농촌유산을 활용한 농촌 재생 방안을 마련하기 위하여 농업유산과 관련 제도를 통해 발생하는 지역사회 효과 검토와 해외 사례를 고찰함으로써 다음과 같은 지역 특성과 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 농업유산 지정을 통해 유산의 가치 및 보전에 관한 인식 향상을 도모할 수 있었다. 그러나 추후 발생할 인구 고령화 등 사회문제에 대비할 수 있는 지역의 보전·관리 방안 마련이 필요한 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 주민 인식은 농업유산 지정에 대하여 대부분 긍정적 인식을 보였으나, 경제적인 부분에서는 인식이 다소 떨어지므로 이를 보완할 수 있는 재생 방안이 필요함을 파악할 수 있었다. 셋째, 효과측정 모델을 적용한 결과 제도의 목적에 부합하는 보전·관리 효과가 높게 나타나고 있으며, 지자체와 주민협의체 등의 사업에 따라 효과에 차이가 있으므로 재생 방안 마련 시 목표 지향적인 대안이 필요한 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 해외 사례를 통한 농촌 재생 방안을 살펴본 결과 대규모의 개발보다는 다양한 문화·자연 자원과 주변 지역까지 범위를 확대하여 활성화 방안을 마련하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 농업유산 지역만을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였으나, 현재 흐름에 걸맞은 다양한 관점으로 농업·농촌유산을 검토해야 할 것으로 판단되며, 지역주민 인식뿐만 아니라 전문가 설문 등 지역의 지정 효과와 활성화 방안을 함께 고찰한 점에서 의의가 있다.