• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2022

오늘날 각 방송사는 선거방송에서 최신 기술인 CG(computer Graphics)를 최대한 사용하여 시청자의 눈을 사로잡으려고 경쟁한다. 이 논문은 CG디자이너의 관점에서 선거 개표방송 내의 CG 기술과 디자인의 변천사를 조사하였다. 컴퓨터를 활용하여 선거 개표방송을 시작한 1980년대부터 가상스튜디오가 본격적으로 활용되기 전까지, 총선, 대선, 지방선거의 개표방송 영상을 시청하면서 CG로 제작한 이미지 부분과 기술의 활용을 다각도로 분석하였다. 국내에서는 자체 개발한 EDDS(Election Data Display System)부터 시작하여, 컴퓨터를 이용하여 데이터베이스화를 하였고, 그 시기부터 일일이 수작업한 애니메이션 CG를 도입하였다. 이후 방송사는 다양하고 화려한 CG 이미지 경쟁에 초점을 맞추었고, CG 이미지는 기술과 디자인이 함께 발전하면서, 2차원에서 3차원으로 확장되었다. 한국 방송은 1985년부터 1992년 사이에 디지털 기술을 활용하면서, 정보력에 중점을 두었던 것에서 이미지로 변화하는 과도기라고 볼 수 있다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2023

Despite the significance of ports as critical economic infrastructure, the berth facilities usually deteriorate due to heavy loading, unloading, aging, environmental weather conditions, marine growths, and lack of efficient maintenance management. Marine berths require proactive maintenance management to limit deterioration and defects as no berth facility is maintenance-free. Thus, delay in carrying out maintenance work for the marine berths can be devastating to the operational process involving ship entry, loading, and unloading operations. The aim of this research is to coordinate both operations work, and maintenance works that take place inside the berth of a local industrial port in Saudi Arabia, by developing a novel framework that integrates both works without affecting the efficiency and functionality of the berth. The study focused on defining the operational process of the port and identifying the elements with direct and indirect effects. In addition to determining the priority for the entry of ships inside the berth, it also identified the factors involved in designing a framework that included maintenance work as a component of the monthly berth occupancy schedule. By applying a mathematical model, a framework was established, which includes all the important elements of the process. As a result of the mathematical method formulation process, a database was designed that organizes and coordinates the operations of all berths within the port. This creates time to carry out the required maintenance work monthly as well as ease of coordination with the contractors responsible for the implementation of those works.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature for application of intranasal sodium citrate in the patients with olfactory dysfunction to help determine the sodium citrate treatments for this condition. Two authors independently searched the data base (Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane database) for relevant studies from inception to January 2018. Included studies were randomized controlled studies published in English comparing topical sodium citrate application (treatment group) with saline (control group) in patients who had olfactory dysfunction. Outcomes of interest included the change of olfactory identification and threshold during 2 hours post-treatment. Three studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Compared with control group, treatment group did not increase posttreatment score of olfactory identification [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.29-0.24; I²=0%] and olfactory threshold (SMD=0.18; 95% CI=-0.09-0.45; I²=0%) significantly. In the degree of pre-post improvement of two outcomes, although treatment group statistically showed the significant improvement in olfactory threshold (SMD=0.30; 95% CI=0.05-0.55; I²=17%), the clinical significance of this outcome was meaningless. Similarly, there was no significant difference in olfactory identification between two groups (SMD=0.17; 95% CI=-0.11-0.45; I²=22%). Unlike the recent favorable results, our summated results presented the uselessness for the local application of sodium citrate in improving patient's olfactory function. However, we also had some limitation such as small sample size and inconsistent application methods. Therefore, larger trials and standardized methodology are needed to reach more stronger and exact results.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Since the unprecedented hydrogen fluoride leak accident in 2012, there has been growing demand for customized technical information for rapid response and chemical accident management agencies including the Ministry of Environment, the National Emergency Management Agency, and the National Police Agency need more information on chemicals and accident management. In this regard, this study aims to provide reliable technical data and guidelines to initial response agencies, similar to accident management technical reports of the US and Canada. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on initial response agencies like fire stations, police stations, and local governments to identify new information items for appropriate initial response and improvements of current guidelines. We also collected and reviewed the Canada's TIPS, US EPA's hydrogen fluoride documents, domestic and foreign literature on applicability tests of control chemicals, and interview data, and then produced items to be listed in the technical guidelines. In addition, to establish database of on-site technical information, we carried out applicability tests for accident control data including ① emergency shut down devide, safety guard, shut down valve, ground connection, dyke, transfer pipe, scrubber, and sensor; ② literature and field survey on distribution type and transportation/storage characteristics (container identification, valve, ground connection, etc.); ③ classification and identification of storage/transportation facilities and emergency management methodslike leak prevention, chemicals control, and cutoff or bypass of rain drainage; ④ domestic/foreign analysis methods and environmental standards including portable detection methods, test standards, and exposure limits; and ⑤ comparison/evaluation of neutralization efficiency of control chemicals on toxic substances.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.294-307
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietitians frequently use nutrition education tools to facilitate dietary counselling sessions. Nevertheless, these tools may require adaptation to keep pace with technological advancements. This study had a 2-fold purpose: first, to identify the types of nutrition education tools currently in use, identify their limitations, and explore dietitians' perspectives on the importance of these tools; second, to investigate the features that dietitians prefer in digital nutrition education tools. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted among 15 dietitians from selected public hospitals, primary care clinics, and teaching hospitals in Malaysia. Inductive thematic analysis of the responses was conducted using NVivo version 12 software. RESULTS: Most dietitians used physical education tools including the healthy plate model, pamphlets, food models, and flip charts. These tools were perceived as important as they facilitate the nutrition assessment process, deliver nutrition intervention, and are time efficient. However, dietitians described the current educational tools as impersonal, outdated, limited in availability due to financial constraints, unhandy, and difficult to visualise. Alternatively, they strongly favoured digital education tools that provided instant feedback, utilised an automated system, included a local food database, were user-friendly, developed by experts in the field, and seamlessly integrated into the healthcare system. CONCLUSION: Presently, although dietitians have a preference for digital educational tools, they heavily rely on physical nutrition education tools due to their availability despite the perception that these tools are outdated, impersonal, and inconvenient. Transitioning to digital dietary education tools could potentially address these issues.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2024

Bird species, particularly poultry and other bird types, including domestic pigeons, are susceptible to fowl pox, a contagious viral disease. The main goal of this study was to validate clinical avipoxvirus diagnoses using molecular analytical methods. The essential components of the investigation were the clinical signs, visible abnormalities, histological changes, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Twenty out of 120 pigeons had clinical symptoms, which included yellowish crust or nodules near the feet, eyes, and beak. An erosive epidermal lesion and an epidermal acanthotic papular lesion with basal vacuolation were maculopapular evidence associated with significant epidermal hyperkeratosis, as confirmed by histological analysis. In addition, the results showed keratinocyte necrosis beneath the hyperkeratotic epidermal layer, together with superficial and deep dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. In addition, the P4b core protein gene underwent phylogenetic analysis. The sequence analysis results indicated a high degree of similarity across the local strains, with just minor variations observed. Five sample sequences were selected and submitted to the NCBI database. These sequences were identified as OR187728, OR187729, OR187730, OR187731, and OR187732. All the various strains in this research may be classified under clade A of the chicken pox virus phylogenetic classification. This study presents the first description and characterization of pox virus infections in domestic pigeons inside the Basrah governorate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2024

Background: Fruit bats are natural carriers of Nipah virus (NiV). The primary objective of this study is to identify potential reservoir species in a selected geographic regions. It is necessary to determine an accurate species identification of the associated reservoir bat species distributed in a specific region. Results: In this study, we collected 20 different bat specimens from the NiV-prone area of the Kushtia district. Among these, 14 were tissue samples (BT-1-14) and six were fecal samples (BF-1-6). We used the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, one of the most abundant and frequently used genetic markers, for polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. Out of the 20 samples, 12 tissue samples and 2 fecal samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. However, two tissue samples and four fecal samples yielded chimeric sequences, rendering them unsuitable for annotation. The sequences of the successfully amplified samples were compared to those deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database using basic local alignment search tool to identify the bat specimen collected. The study identified six different bat species using both morphological and genetic data, which may carriers of the NiV. Conclusions: Our results suggest that additional research should be conducted to gather more information on fruit bats from different localities across the country. The study contributes to the establishment of appropriate measures for NiV carrying disease control and management.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2024

This paper presents six novel hybrid machine learning (ML) models that combine support vector machines (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and categorical gradient boosting (CGB) with the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm. These models, namely HHO-SVM, HHO-DT, HHO-RF, HHO-GB, HHO-XGB, and HHO-CGB, are designed to predict the ultimate strength of both rectangular and circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The prediction models are established using a comprehensive database consisting of 325 experimental data for rectangular columns and 172 experimental data for circular columns. The ML model hyperparameters are optimized through a combination of cross-validation technique and the HHO. The performance of the hybrid ML models is evaluated and compared using various metrics, ultimately identifying the HHO-CGB model as the top-performing model for predicting the ultimate shear strength of both rectangular and circular RC columns. The mean R-value and mean a20-index are relatively high, reaching 0.991 and 0.959, respectively, while the mean absolute error and root mean square error are low (10.302 kN and 27.954 kN, respectively). Another comparison is conducted with four existing formulas to further validate the efficiency of the proposed HHO-CGB model. The Shapely Additive Explanations method is applied to analyze the contribution of each variable to the output within the HHO-CGB model, providing insights into the local and global influence of variables. The analysis reveals that the depth of the column, length of the column, and axial loading exert the most significant influence on the ultimate shear strength of RC columns. A user-friendly graphical interface tool is then developed based on the HHO-CGB to facilitate practical and cost-effective usage.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2019

이 연구는 식품 중 잔류농약에 대한 국내 모니터링 프로그램의 전반적인 현황을 이해하기 위해 수행되었으며 더 나아가 개선이 필요한 사항이 제안되었다. 이 연구로 부터 국내 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램 현황은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있었다. 국내에서는 식품의약품안전처가 잔류농약 모니터링을 총괄한다. 그리고 모니터링 시점(유통 또는 생산단계에서 시료수집)에 따라 모니터링 책임 기관이 다른데, 유통단계의 식품에 대해서는 식품의약품안전처, 지방식품의약품안전청, 지방자치단체가, 생산단계에서는 국립농산물품질관리원(NAQS)과 지방자치단체가 모니터링을 실시한다(부분적으로 판매와 유통단계에서도 실시). 국내의 모니터링 프로그램을 목적에 따라 구분하면 위해평가 모니터링(monitoring for risk assessment)으로 MFDS의 "잔류실태조사"와 NAQS의 "국가잔류조사"가 있고, 지방식품의약품안전청과 지방자치단체에서는 주로 규제 모니터링(monitoring for regulation)을 실시하고 있었다. 수입식품의 경우 통관단계(지방식품의약품안전청 책임)와 유통단계 모두에서 모니터링이 실시되어야 한다. 유통단계 수입식품 모니터링은 MFDS, 지방식품의약품안전청, 지방자치단체가 담당하고 있는 데 아직 체계적이고 지속적인 국가수준의 모니터링 프로그램이 실시되고 있지 않는 것으로 보인다. 국내 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램과 관련하여 앞에서 기술한 내용과 더 상세한 내용을 토대로 모니터링 프로그램의 개선을 위해 i) 모니터링 프로그램의 목적에 대한 명확성 제고, ii) 수입식품에 대한 모니터링 프로그램의 강화 iii) 일반국민에게 모니터링 결과의 공개(연간보고서와 데이터베이스 발간)를 제안하였다. 식품의 안전성을 확보고 시행하기 시작한 농약 허용물질목록 관리제도(positive list system, PLS)가 성공을 거두기 위해서는 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램에 대한 철저한 검토와 개선을 위한 노력이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제69호
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• pp.9-44
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• 2017

선생안은 인명부로써 관원의 성명 부임일 체직일 내직 거직 본관 자 과거 급제 여부까지 다양한 정보를 수록하고 있다. 따라서 일반적인 조선시대 인사 관련 자료에서는 살펴볼 수 없는 지방 수령과 중인들의 관직생활에 대한 선행연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 아직까지 조선시대 선생안의 현황과 분류조차 이루어지지 못하였다. 이에 따라 본고는 조선시대 선생안의 현황과 분류 그리고 선생안 자료의 자료적 특징에 대해서 밝히고자 한다. 현재까지 전하고 있는 조선시대 선생안은 176종이다. 이 선생안들은 한국학중앙연구원 장서각(47건), 서울대학교 규장각(80건), 국립중앙도서관(24건), 기타 소장처(25건)에 소장되어 있다. 장서각에는 왕실관련 선생안이, 규장각에는 중앙관청 관련 선생안이, 국립중앙도서관과 기타 소장처에는 지방관청 관련 선생안이 소장되어 있다. 다만, 본고는 접근 가능한 한국학중앙연구원 장서각 소장 선생안 47건에 대해서 중심으로 그 내용을 검토하였다. 앞서 밝힌바와 같이 장서각 소장 선생안은 대체로 왕실과 관련된 선생안이다. 이를 분류해보면 중앙관청 선생안 18건, 지방관청 선생안 5건, 왕실관련 선생안 24건이다. 이를 다시 내용으로 분류해보면, 의례 및 외교 관련 관청 선생안 6건, 왕실 관리 관청 선생안 12건, 지방 관청 선생안 5건, 혼전 능원 선생안 14건, 왕실 교육 선생안 10건으로 분류해 볼 수 있다. 선생안에 수록된 성명 본관 자 과거 급제 여부 제수일 부임일 체차일 내직 거직 등의 내용을 검토한 결과는 다음의 여섯 가지 특징으로 정리해볼 수 있다. 첫째, 수록 인원에 대한 기본적인 인적 사항을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 각 관청 및 관직의 재직기간과 승직 및 체직 사유를 알 수 있다. 셋째, 관제 변화를 확인할 수 있다. 넷째, 내직과 거직을 통해 조선시대 인사행정 시스템의 일면을 살펴볼 수 있다. 다섯째, 각 관청별로 특별히 중요한 날을 알 수 있다. 여섯째, 포폄 내용을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 법전에 기록된 내용만으로는 알기 어려운 조선시대 현실의 모습이며, 이를 통해 조선시대 인사행정 시스템에 대해서 살펴볼 수 있다. 다만, 정밀한 검토를 하기 위해서는 현재까지 전하는 선생안 176종에 대한 DB화 작업이 필요하며, 이후 기존에 구축된 방목 족보 등의 자료와 연계하여 데이터를 분석해나간다면 조선시대 인사행정 시스템을 알 수 있는 단초를 마련할 수 있을 것이다.