• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the health and economic burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases (cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2/3, and genital warts) in Singapore over a period of 25 years beginning in 2008. Methods: Incidence-based modeling was used to estimate the incidence cases and associated economic burden, with the assumption that age-stratified incidence rates will remain the same throughout the period of 25 years. The incidence rates in 2008 were projected based on data obtained from the National Cancer Registry for cervical cancer, and from a combination of published data and hospital registry review for CIN1/2/3 and genital warts. The population growth rate was factored into the projection of incidence cases over time. Direct cost data per cervical cancer and per CIN1/2/3 case were obtained from the financial database of large local hospitals while cost data for genital warts were obtained from the National Skin Center; these costs were multiplied by the number of incidence cases to produce an aggregate estimate of the economic burden over the 25-year period (in 2008 Singapore dollars) using a 3% discount rate. Results: The total number of incidence cases of HPV-disease over 25 years beginning in 2008 was estimated to be 60,183, including 8,078 for cervical cancer, 11,685 for CIN 2/3, 8,849 for CIN1, and 31,572 for genital warts. The estimated total direct cost was 83.2 million Singapore Dollars over 25 years: 57.6 million attributable to cervical cancer, 13.0 million to CIN2/3, 6.83 million to CIN1, and 5.70 million to genital warts. Conclusion: HPV-related diseases are expected to impose significant health and economic burden on the Singapore healthcare resources in the next 25 years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4587-4592
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• 2012

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) neuroblastoma (NB) and other peripheral nerve cell tumors (PNCT) outcome data. This study found under usage of radiotherapy in these patients. Materials and methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for NB and other PNCT. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a generalized linear model to predict the outcome (soft tissue specific death, yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of neuroendocrine (other endocrine including thymus as coded in SEER) death was computed for the predictors. Results: There were 5261 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 83.8 (97.6) months. The mean (SD) age was 18 (25) years. About 30.45% of patients were un-staged. The SEER staging has high ROC (SD) area of 0.58 (0.01) among the factors tested. We simplified the 4-layered risk levels (local, regional, distant, un-staged/others) to a simpler 3-tiered model with comparable ROC area of 0.59 (0.01). Less than 50% of PNCT patients received radiotherapy (RT) including the ones with localized disease. This avoidance of RT use occurred in adults and children. Conclusion: The high under-staging rate may have precented patients from selecting definitive radiotherapy (RT) after surgery. Using RT for, especially, adult PNCT patients is a potential way to improve outcome.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.245-255
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined associations among social capital indicators (social participation and generalized trust) at the individual level and alcohol use, which was quantified using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Methods: In total, there were 8800 participants in community health interviews, including 220 adults sampled systematically from a resident registration database of each of 40 sub-municipal administrative units of local (city or county) governments. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using polychotomous logistic regression. Results: The aORs for abstainers versus people with AUDIT scores of 0-7, based on 3 questions on generalized trust, in comparison to those with no positive responses, were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.34) for 1 positive response, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.37) for 2 positive responses; and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.61) for 3 positive responses. The aORs for abstainers versus people with AUDIT scores of 0-7, in comparison to participation in no organizations, were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.69) for participation only in informal organizations; 2.16 (95% CI, 1.57 to 2.99) for participation only in religious organizations; 2.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 5.29) for participation only in volunteer organizations; and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.74) for participation in formal organizations. Participants in formal social organizations, regardless of their participation in informal organizations, were more likely to have AUDIT scores of 8-15 (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.60) or ≥16 (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.23) than to have scores of 0-7. Conclusions: Our findings may have implications for health policy to reduce alcohol problems.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2017

Soil parameters are required inputs to crop models, which estimate crop yield under a given environment condition. The Korean Soil Information System (KSIS), which provides detailed soil profile record of 390 soil series in the HTML (HyperText Markup Language) format, would be useful to prepare soil input files. Korean Soil Information System Processing Tool (KSISPT) was developed to aid generation of soil input data based on the KSIS database. Java was used to implement the tool that consists of a set of modules for parsing the HTML document of the KSIS, storing data required for preparing soil input file, calculating additional soil parameter, and writing soil input file to a local disk. Using the automated soil data preparation tool, about 940 soil input data were created for the DSSAT model and the ORYZA 2000 model, respectively. In combination with soil series distribution map at 30m resolution, spatial analysis of crop yield could be projected under climate change, which would help the development of adaptation strategies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Load Duration Curve (LDC) can be used as a method for load management of point and non-point pollution source because the LDC easily assesses the water quality corresponding to hydrological changes in a watershed. Recently, the application of LDC to total pollution load management is a growing interest in Korea. In this regard, A desktop-based LDC assessment system was developed in this study to provide convenience to users in water quality evaluation. The developed system can simply produce the LDC by using streamflow and water quality data involved in its database. Also, The system can quantitatively inform the success or failure of the achievement for a target water quality at monthly scale. Furthermore, seasonal water quality and point/non-point pollution load in a watershed can be estimated by this system. We expect that the developed system will contribute to establish local and national policies regarding water management and total pollution load management because of its advantages such as the pollution tracking investigation and the analysis of water quality and pollution loading amount in an ungauged watershed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.369-375
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• 2001

For Optimization technology Was Developed in 1960, the Optimization Technology have grown into a full-featured, robust, highly rated and highly used. And Optimization techniques, having reached a degree of maturity over the past several years, are being used in a wide spectrum of industries, including aerospace, automotive, chemical, electrical, and manufacturing industries. With rapidly advancing computer technology, computers are becoming more powerful, and correspondingly, the size and the complexity of the problems being solved using Optimization techniques are also increasing. But Optimization techniques with analysis solver have many problems. For instance, the difficulties that a particular interface must be coded for each design problem and that the designer should be familiar with the optimization program as well as the analysis program. The purpose of this paper is Optimal Design Framework for Mechanical systems design. This Design Framework has two Optimizers, ADS (local optimizer) and RSM(Response Surface Method), and graphic user interfaces for formulation and optimum design problem and controlling the design process. Current Design Framework tested by two analysis solver, ADAMS and ANSYS. First this paper focused on the core Framework and their conception. In the second of the paper, I cover subjects such as Design Framework Operation. Next, The validity and effectiveness of Design Framework are shown by applying it to many practical design problems and obtaining satisfactory results. Finally, if you are an advanced Operator, you might want to use Response Surface Method, so that cover the result applied by RSM. here.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

To develop a watershed management plan for protection of the lake water quality, the linkages among land use activities, stream water quality, and lake water quality must be understood. This study conducted to develop a Decision Support System(DSS) for the reservoir water quality managers and a comprehensive watershed management plan. This DSS has three main components; database, interactive decision model, and data delivery interface system. Graphic User Interface(GUI) was developed as the interface medium to deliver the data and modeling results to the end users. Water quality management scenarios in Yongdam reservoir consist of two parts. One is the watershed management, and the other is water quality management in the reservoir. The watershed management scenarios that were evaluated include as follows : a removal of point sources, control of waste water treatment plant, reductions in nonpoint sources, and the management of developed land. Water quality management scenarios in the reservoir include to install a curtain wall and to operate an algae removal system. The results from the scenario analysis indicate that the strategy of the reservoir water quality management can promise the best effectiveness to conserve the quality of reservoir water. It is expected that many local agencies can use this DSS to analyze the impact of landuse changes and activities on the reservoir watershed and can benefit from making watershed management decisions.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2003

With the spread of electronic commerce on the Internet, comparison shopping sites with agent technique are getting popular for the best shopping. However, most consumers are still spending much time to search for the best price through the sites because each of them may show a different price even for the same goods or a site does not show any information about specific goods. Additionally, the search for the best price of the goods like books and CDs may cause the system to be overloaded and the response time to be long due to an on-line real-time search. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a meta-search system for comparison shopping sites with a local database and memory cache to resolve the above problems. The proposed system collects and maintains the price information of popular goods among the comparison shopping sites using several software agents. The experimental results show that our system is an efficient meta-comparison shopping engine and reduces the latency of the response time with little overhead.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.537-546
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• 2008

The digital map has been updated in every five years in the past. However, it has been changed to make corrections and updated in every two years for metropolitan region and every four years for other regions since year 2008. Although, the correctness and reliability were decreased and updating work is being delayed due to the updating work in a lump. The period update spends a lot of money because this method uses aerial photogrammetry, and the digital map has the time gap between periods. Therefore, this study provides information necessary for digital map produced by the government and develops digital map production system based on objects which can be updated frequently in order to save state and local government budgets that double investment are generated to update digital map. In order to analyze usefulness of the developed system, subject area was selected and errors of updated data were analyzed. As the result of analysis, checked 66 errors were corrected and saved in the database.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the patent trend in Traditional Korean Tea. In this paper, we investigate the diversity of Korean Tea registered as patents focusing on the kinds of medicinal herbs used, processing methods, and types of tea. Methods : We collected patents data using KIPRIS, and WIPS database. We conducted Quantitative Analysis by year and main patentee, and Qualitative Analysis by patent's contents. Results : 313 patents are selected from 2001 to May 2017. The number of patents have been on the rise and reached 44 in 2014. Individuals have registered the most patents, followed by companies, Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, and local autonomous entities. Ginger, Omija and Cactus were used at high frequency among 109 tea containing one medicinal herb. Licorice and Jujube were frequently used among 204 tea containing more than two kinds of medicinal herbs. In classification of patent by efficacy, 'health promotion and function recovery' and 'treatment and prevention of diseases' are most frequently specified. 128 patents are presenting processing methods for medicinal herbs in the order of roasting, fermentation, and fumigation. Among 164 patents presenting tea types, liquid type accounts for more than half and there are 67 leached tea, and 32 powder tea. Conclusion : The analyses results showed that lots of new recipes, efficacy, processing methods and tea types are being studied and registered as patents. In order to help Traditional Korean Tea industry to develop, active patent registration and further study about up-to-date patent trend would be required.