• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

Case study was performed to analyze energy load for department stores and develop energy load model to be applied to a cogeneration system. Energy loads of 14 depart­ments were analyzed based on energy load sheets written by operators and energy load of one department store was measured through modem communication for a year. Energy load of department stores showed various trends depending on when they were opened or closed, or by hour, day and month. In this paper, the measurement was compared with the data in energy load sheets and resolved, and energy load model for a department store was built. It is important to use an accurate energy load model for an accurate feasibility study applying a cogeneration system to buildings.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고가의 3-D 로드셀을 대체하기 위해 1축 압축 로드셀 배열을 사용한 새로운 픽 커터 3축 절삭력 측정방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 절삭력 측정방법은 4개의 1축 압축 로드셀과 숄더 볼트를 통해 기계적 구속을 만들어 3축 절삭력을 측정할 수 있다. 유한요소해석을 통해 제안한 새로운 절삭력 측정방법을 타당성을 확인하였으며, 최종적으로 실제 선형 암반절삭 시험을 통해 제안한 새로운 측정방법의 3축 힘 측정 정확도를 확인하였다. 시험 결과 새로운 절삭력 측정방법은 상대오차가 약 6% 이내이므로, 기존의 3-D 로드셀을 대체할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 더불어, 기존 고가의 3-D 로드셀 대비 약 20-30%의 비용만으로 구축 가능하므로 절삭력 측정에 사용되는 비용을 크게 줄일 수 있다.

• 전기의세계
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.734-746
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• 1981

This paper suggests on-load torque measurement for 3 phase induction motors by input -voltage and current utilizing symmetric coordinate analysis technique on the basis of the induction motor equivalent circuit. In this paper, two cases are treated with, i.e, one is the case where the motors' exciting current and primary leakage impedance voltage drop are compensated automatically, adopting the ideal wattmeter whose current coil impedance and voltage coil impedance are 0 and .inf. respectively, and the other is the case where non-ideal wattmeter is adopted and the compensation above is made by computation. As a result of the case study, following conclusions are obtained. 1) By proper combination of the error propagation law and the limit of power consumption, the desirable overall measurement error of the apparatus can be obtained on the basis of the inherent errors of CT and PT. 2) The measurement error is larger in current simulation circuit than in voltage simulation circuit. 3) Between the two cases, the latter is more advantageous than the former from the viewpoint of feasibility and the measurement error. 4) As the attachment of Ammeter in the current simulation circuit influences the measurement error considerably, its internal impedance should be large considerably. 5) The larger the consumption power of the apparatus is, the easier the feasibility is.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 말뚝기초 학술발표회
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• pp.107-141
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• 2000

Large diameter piles can be defined as piles with diameter of at least 0.76 m (2.5 ft). In bridge foundation, large diameter piles have been used as pier foundations and their use has been increased greatly. In this study, static pile load tests for large diameter piles peformed in Kwangan Grande Bridge construction site were introduced. Also, various sensor installation methods for several types of piles (that is, open-ended steel pipe pile, drilled shafts and socketed pipe piles), pipe axial load measuring method, load transfer analysis method and pile load test results (pile-head load - settlement curve, and pile axial load distribution curve along the pile depth) were introduced.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.2445-2455
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• 1971

One-dimensional Consolidation tests with pore pressure measurement were caried in the ANTE-US consolidometer in order to investigate the effects of loading conditions on consolidation behavior of the soft clay. Undisturbed specimens of a sensitive clay were loaded in load-increment ratioes 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, and load increment duration of 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours with the application of 40 psi of back pressure. There is no significant effect of load-increment ratio on compression-pressure relationship, but the test with one-hour load increment duration doesn't represent the same results of the standard consolidation test in the sensitive clay.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.227-242
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to relieve the poor ventilation problem of the diesel locomotive engine load test building, located in an urban area. This paper evaluates the ventilation performances of the studied load test building based on the temperature measurement experiment and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) during the engine load test. The temperature rise caused by the radiator blower of the building was turned out to be the main cause of disturbing the thermal conditions of the building. The indoor temperature distributions simulated by Fluent were validated with the temperature measurement results obtained from the studied building. The simulation results indicated that the comfort condition of this building was poor We suggested several remedial changes in the duct structure of this building for the improvement of the comfort conditions. In addition, a prototype drawing combining several improved design options was proposed. and then the simulation of the temperature distribution in the proposed prototype was performed. The result indicated that the indoor thermal condition of this proposed building was improved when compared with that of the current building.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Development of highly efficient and energy-saving tractors has been one of the issues in agricultural machinery. For design of such tractors, measurement and analysis of load on major power transmission parts of the tractors are the most important pre-requisite tasks. Objective of this study was to perform pre-processing procedures before effective analysis of load data of agricultural tractors (30, 75, and 82 kW) during major field operations such as plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, bale wrapping, and to select the suitable pre-processing method for the analysis. A load measurement systems, equipped in the tractors, were consisted of strain-gauge, encoder, hydraulic pressure, and radar speed sensors to measure torque and rotational speed levels of transmission input shaft, PTO shaft, and driving axle shafts, pressure of the hydraulic inlet line, and travel speed, respectively. The entire sensor data were collected at a 200-Hz rate. Plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, wrapping, and loader operations were selected as major field operations of agricultural tractors. Same or different farm works and driving levels were set differently for each of the load measuring experiment. Before load data analysis, pre-processing procedures such as outlier removal, low-pass filtering, and data division were performed. Data beyond the scope of the measuring range of the sensors and the operating range of the power transmission parts were removed. Considering engine and PTO rotational speeds, frequency components greater than 90, 60, and 60 Hz cut off frequencies were low-pass filtered for plow tillage, rotary tillage, and baler operations, respectively. Measured load data were divided into five parts: driving, working, implement up, implement down, and turning. Results of the study would provide useful information for load characteristics of tractors on major field operations.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a sensor with a C-shaped load cell to detect force change when a person sitting on the chair in an electrical transport-convenience vehicle is pushing ground by both heels. The load cell built in the vehicle is mechanically deformed by the vertical force owing to the human weight and the horizontal force by ground-pushing feet. The deformation rate of the load cell and its distribution are simulated using finite element analysis. In the simulation, the applied loads are preset in the range of 10 kg - 100 kg with a step size of 10 kg, and the ground-pushing force by feet is increased to 40 N with a step size of 5 N with respect to each applied load level. The resistance change of the load cell was observed to be linear in simulation as well as in measurement. the maximum difference between simulation and measurement was 0.89 % when the strain gauge constant was 2.243. The constant has a large influence on the difference. The proposed sensor was fabricated by connecting an instrument amplifier and a microcontroller to a load cell and used to detect the force by ground-pushing feet. To detect foot driving, the reference signal was set to 130% of the load, and the duration of the sensor output signal exceeding the reference signal was set to 0.6 s. In a test of a vehicle built with the proposed sensor, the footpushing force by the worker could be successfully detected even when the worker was working.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

1. 난중(卵重) 및 진동량 계측 시스템은 로드셀 1개를 이용한 기존의 방법을 로드셀 배치 I, 계란의 이송방향과 평행하게 같은 방향으로 부착한 방법을 로드셀 배치 II 로 하였고 로드셀 2개를 이용하여 서로 마주보도록 부착한 방법을 로드셀 배치 III, 2 개의 로드셀이 계란의 이송방향과 평행하게 같은 방향으로 부착한 방법을 로드셀 배치 IV로 구성하여 난중(卵重) 및 진동량을 측정, 분석 하였다. 2. 4가지의 로드셀 배치에 따른 난중(卵重)측정결과 로드셀 배치 I, 로드셀 배치 II, 로드셀 배치 III, 로드셀 배치 IV에 의한 난중(卵重)평균 오차가 각각 1.2128g, 0.5953g, 0.7786g, 0.2793g으로 로드셀 2개를 계란 이송방향과 평행하게 부착한 방법이 난중(卵重) 평균 오차가 가장 낮게 나와 정밀도가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 3 계란 자동 선별기를 이용하여 대란 등급의 계란 선별시 X, Y, Z축 방향에서 평균 진동량이 각각 $5.1937{\times}10^{-3}G$, $9.3604{\times}10^{-3}G$, $16.8657{\times}10^{-3}G$로서 Z축방향의 진동값이 X, Y방향보다 상대적으로 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

A monsoon season monitoring data from June to September, 2005 of a small forested watershed located at the upstream of the North Han River system in Korea was conducted to analyze the flow variations, the NPS pollutant concentrations, and the pollution load characteristics with respect to sampling frequencies. During the 4-month period, 1,423 mm or 79.2% of annual rainfall(1,797 mm) were occurred and more than 77%, 54% and 68% of annual T-N, $NO_3$-N and T-P loads discharged. Flow rate was continuously measured with automatic velocity and water level meters and 58 water quality samples were taken and analyzed. It was analyzed that the flow volume by random measurement varied very widely and ranged from 79% to 218% of that of continuous measurement. It was recommended that flow measurement of small forested watersheds should be continuously measured with automated flow meters to precisely measure flow rates. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of T-N, $NO_3$-N and T-P during the period were 2.114 mg/L, 0.836 mg/L, and 0.136 mg/L, respectively. T-N, $NO_3$-N and T-P loads were sensitive to the number of samples. And it was analyzed that in order to measure the pollution load within the error of 10% to the true load, the rate of sampling frequency should be higher than 89.7% of the sample numbers that were required to compute the true pollution load. If it is compared to selected foreign research results, about 10 water samples for each rainfall event were needed to compute the pollution load within 10% error. It is unlikely in Korea and recommended that thorough NPS pollution monitoring studies are required to develop the standard monitoring procedures for reliable NPS pollution quantification.