• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

This study proposes a low-cycle fatigue life derived from measurement points on pipe elbows, which are components that are vulnerable to seismic load in the interface piping systems of nuclear power plants that use seismic isolation systems. In order to quantitatively define limit states regarding leakage, i.e., actual failure caused by low-cycle fatigue, in-plane cyclic loading tests were performed using a sine wave of constant amplitude. The test specimens consisted of SCH40 6-inch carbon steel pipe elbows and straight pipes, and an image processing method was used to measure the nonlinear behavior of the test specimens. The leakage lines caused by low-cycle fatigue and the low-cycle fatigue curves were compared and analyzed using the relationship between the relative deformation angles, which were measured based on each of the measurement points on the straight pipe, and the moment, which was measured at the center of the pipe elbow. Damage indices based on the combination of ductility and dissipation energy at each measurement point were used to quantitatively express the time at which leakage occurs due to through-wall cracking in the pipe elbow.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1224-1248
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• 2022

In various sensor network applications, such as climate observation organizations, sensor nodes need to collect information from time to time and pass it on to the recipient of information through multiple bounces. According to field tests, this information corresponds to most of the energy use of the sensor hub. Decreasing the measurement of information transmission in sensor networks becomes an important issue.Compression sensing (CS) can reduce the amount of information delivered to the network and reduce traffic load. However, the total number of classification of information delivered using pure CS is still enormous. The hybrid technique for utilizing CS was proposed to diminish the quantity of transmissions in sensor networks.Further the energy productivity is a test task for the sensor nodes. However, in previous studies, a clustering approach using hybrid CS for a sensor network and an explanatory model was used to investigate the relationship between beam size and number of transmissions of hybrid CS technology. It uses efficient data integration techniques for large networks, but leads to clone attacks or attacks. Here, a new algorithm called SBEA (Snowball Endurance Algorithm) was proposed and tested with a bow. Thus, you can extend the battery life of your WSN by running effective copy detection. Often, multiple nodes, called observers, are selected to verify the reliability of the nodes within the network. Personal data from the source centre (e.g. personality and geographical data) is provided to the observer at the optional witness stage. The trust and reputation system is used to find the reliability of data aggregation across the cluster head and cluster nodes. It is also possible to obtain a mechanism to perform sleep and standby procedures to improve the life of the sensor node. The sniffers have been implemented to monitor the energy of the sensor nodes periodically in the sink. The proposed algorithm SBEA (Snowball Endurance Algorithm) is a combination of ERCD protocol and a combined mobility and routing algorithm that can identify the cluster head and adjacent cluster head nodes.This algorithm is used to yield the network life time and the performance of the sensor nodes can be increased.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

The cable component of cable-stayed bridges is gradually impacted by weather conditions, vehicle loads, and material corrosion. The stayed cable is a critical load-carrying part that closely affects the operational stability of a cable-stayed bridge. Damaged cables might lead to the bridge collapse due to their tension capacity reduction. Thus, it is necessary to develop structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques that accurately identify damaged cables. In this work, a combinational identification method of three efficient techniques, including statistical analysis, clustering, and neural network models, is proposed to detect the damaged cable in a cable-stayed bridge. The measured dataset from the bridge was initially preprocessed to remove the outlier channels. Then, the theory and application of each technique for damage detection were introduced. In general, the statistical approach extracts the parameters representing the damage within time series, and the clustering approach identifies the outliers from the data signals as damaged members, while the deep learning approach uses the nonlinear data dependencies in SHM for the training model. The performance of these approaches in classifying the damaged cable was assessed, and the combinational identification method was obtained using the voting ensemble. Finally, the combination method was compared with an existing outlier detection algorithm, support vector machines (SVM). The results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and provides higher accuracy for the damaged cable detection in the cable-stayed bridge.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 다양한 래티스 단부 지점조건을 갖는 철선일체형 데크플레이트의 구조성능을 유한요소해석을 통하여 평가하였다. 해석결과, 래티스 단부에서 풋의 위치가 지점부 구조부재 위에 위치하는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 시스템 강성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 래티스 풋이 지점부에 위치하는 경우, 단부 직봉이 전체 데크플레이트 시스템의 강성과 강도에 미치는 영향은 무시할 정도로 작았다. 특히 래티스 풋의 길이가 40mm 보다 작지 않을 때에는 단부 직봉이 설치되지 않아도 무방한 것으로 평가되었다. 래티스 단부 지지형상이 데크플레이트 시스템의 최대 하중저항 성능에 미치는 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 조사되었고, 시스템의 파괴모드는 설계의도에 따라 데크플레이트 중앙에서 상부 주철근의 좌굴, 래티스 단부 좌굴, 또는 이들의 조합으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권5호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2023

The design of honeycomb sandwich structures is often challenging because these structures can be tailored from a variety of possible cores and face sheets configurations, therefore, the design of sandwich structures is characterized as a time-consuming and complex task. A data-driven computational approach that integrates the analytical method and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed by the authors to rapidly predict the design of sandwich structures for a targeted maximum structural deflection. The elaborated ANN reverse design approach is applied to obtain the thickness of the sandwich core, the thickness of the laminated face sheets, and safety factors for composite sandwich structure. The required data for building ANN model were obtained using the governing equations of sandwich components in conjunction with the Monte Carlo Method. Then, the functional relationship between the input and output features was created using the neural network Backpropagation (BP) algorithm. The input variables were the dimensions of the sandwich structure, the applied load, the core density, and the maximum deflection, which was the reverse input given by the designer. The outstanding performance of reverse ANN model revealed through a low value of mean square error (MSE) together with the coefficient of determination (R2) close to the unity. Furthermore, the output of the model was in good agreement with the analytical solution with a maximum error 4.7%. The combination of reverse concept and ANN may provide a potentially novel approach in designing of sandwich structures. The main added value of this study is the elaboration of a reverse ANN model, which provides a low computational technique as well as savestime in the design or redesign of sandwich structures compared to analytical and finite element approaches.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권5호
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• pp.679-691
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• 2023

Many codes allow designers to use the bending moment diagram computed by elastic analysis and modify it by a certain amount of moment redistribution (MR) to account for plastic behaviour of continuous beams. However, several researchers indicated that the MR at the ultimate limit state (𝛽_u) for some beams deviate significantly from the specified values of various codes. This paper examines the applicability of the provisions on 𝛽_u in ACI 318-19 and Eurocode 2 through numerical investigations and comprehensively explores the influencing factors. The results show that some parameters not considered in those codes influence 𝛽_u to a certain extent, where the ratio of tensile reinforcement ratio at intermediate support to tensile reinforcement ratio at midspan (𝜌_s1/𝜌_s2) and load type are crucial parameters to consider. The specific combination of these two parameters may make the codes overestimate or significantly underestimate the 𝛽_u. On the other hand, the yield state of both critical sections is found to have an important influence on the influence degree of each parameter on 𝛽_u. The yield conditions are investigated, and an empirical judgment equation is proposed. In addition, the influence laws of the critical parameters on 𝛽_u have been further proved by theoretical derivation. Finally, due to 𝜀_t is found to have a better linear correlation with 𝛽_u than x_u/d, equations as a function of 𝜀_t for predicting the 𝛽_u of continuous beams under the two loads are proposed, respectively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1A호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

부착 긴장재를 이용한 프리스트레스를 도입하는 조립식 교각의 구조 성능을 평가하기 위한 준정적 실험을 수행하였다. 프리캐스트 교각의 이음부를 가로질러 축방향으로 연속배치되는 강재로 강봉과 일반철근, 매입강관과 강연선의 조합을 선택하였다. 주요 설계 변수는 강재량, 프리스트레스의 수준, 단면 상세로 하였다. 이음부 벌어짐 이후에 연속 강재가 하중을 모두 부담하여 응력의 증감을 일으키는데 강재비가 높을수록 휨강도가 높게 나타나고 에너지 소산능력도 현저하게 증가하였다. 매입강재를 갖는 프리캐스트 교각은 최대하중 이후의 거동이 안정적으로 나타나 높은 변위연성도를 나타내었고 프리스트레스 증가에 따른 에너지 소산능력의 증가도 나타내었다. 프리스트레스의 수준이 높을수록 초기 변형 회복능력이 양호하게 나타났고 횡철근의 응력증가도 크게 나타났다. 조립식 교각의 최대하중 도달 이후의 강도 저하가 급격하게 발생하지 않도록 긴장재와 일반강재의 조합을 결정하여야 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

연구 목적: 임플란트 나사선 경사각이 치조골의 응력분포에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 어떤 임플란트가 응력분산에 유리한 지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 피치는 0.8 mm로 일정하게 하고 나사선의 줄(thread) 수를 다르게 하여 나사선 경사각의 변화를 준 1줄 나사선 임플란트(single thread type: 경사각 $3.8^{\circ}$)와 2줄 나사선 임플란트(double thread type: 경사각 $7.7^{\circ}$) 그리고 3줄 나사선 임플란트(triple thread type: 경사각 $11.5^{\circ}$)의 세 가지 모델을 통해 3차원 유한요소 응력분석을 시행하였다. 임플란트가 치조골의 치아 장축에 대하여 $0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$ 경사지게 식립된 것으로 가정하여 9 가지 모델을 만들었다. 200 N의 수직 방향의 하중과, 200 N의 임의의 $15^{\circ}$ 경사 하중을 가한 경우에 임플란트와 치조골에서 발생된 응력분포를 3차원 유한요소법으로 분석하였다. 결과:1. 임플란트의 경사 식립 각도가 클수록 치조골과 임플란트의 등가응력(von-Mises stress)과 최대주응력이 높게 나타났다. 2. 수직하중보다 경사하중을 가할 경우 치조골과 임플란트의 등가응력과 최대주응력이 높게 나타났다. 3. 임플란트의 나사선 줄 수가 증가할수록 응력분산 효과가 커서 등가응력과 최대주응력의 크기가 감소되었다. 4. 치조골에 작용하는 최대주응력의 크기는 수직하중 시에나 경사하중 시에 3줄 나사선을 가진 임플란트가 가장 작고 다음으로 2줄 또는 1줄 나사선의 순으로 나타나 3줄 나사선의 경우가 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. 결론: 이상의 결과는 3줄 나사선 임플란트가 1줄 및 2줄 나사선 임틀란트보다 응력분산 효과 면에서 우수하며, $10^{\circ}$ 이상 경사지게 식립된 경우에라도 나사선 경사각이 커지면서 줄 수가 증가할수록 치조골에서 발생하는 최대 주응력 값이 감소하므로 임플란트 나사선 줄 수와 경사각을 최적화함으로써 임플란트 응력분산에 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2022

국내에서 처음으로 도입한 기상 항공기에 탑재한 G-band 수증기 라디오미터(GVR) 관측으로 산출된 가강수량의 품질 관리 방법을 제안하였다. GVR 빔의 연직 최단 경로 자료만 사용하기 위해 기상 항공기의 자세 정보(pitch와 roll 각도)를 활용하였고, GVR 가강수량이 20 mm 이상의 자료를 제거하는 방법을 품질 관리에 적용하였다. GVR 가강수량이 20 mm 이상으로 증가할 때, 웜로드(Warm load) 평균 전력과 스카이로드(Sky load) 평균 전력의 차이가 0에 가까이 수렴하는 특성을 확인하였고, 이는 COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite)의 운형, 운정고도, 운량자료와 구름통합관측기기(CCP), 강수입자 측정기(PIP)로 측정된 강수 및 구름 입자 크기로 확인한 하층운과 중층운에 의한 높은 밝기온도 때문으로 판단된다. 구름 많은 날의 품질 관리 적용 전후의 GVR 가강수량을 LDAPS (Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) 가강수량과 정량적으로 비교하였는데 RMSD (Root Mean Square Difference)는 2.9 mm에서 1.8 mm로 감소하였고, KLAPS (Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System)와의 RMSD는 5.4 mm에서 4.3 mm로 감소하여 향상된 정확도를 보였다. 또한 품질 관리를 적용한 GVR 가강수량과 드롭존데 가강수량 관측 자료을 활용하여 COMS 가강수량과도 정량적으로 비교평가함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 GVR 가강수량의 품질 관리 방법의 유효성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.622-631
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• 2006

In this study we purified a fibrinolytic enzyme from Cordyceps militaris using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE Sephadex A-50 column, gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column, and FPLC on a HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 75 column. This purification protocol resulted in a 191.8-fold purification of the enzyme and a final yield of 12.9 %. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 52 kDa by SDS-PAGE, fibrin-zymography, and gel filtration chromatography. The first 19 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence were ALTTQSNV THGLATISLRQ, which is similar to the subtilisin-like serine protease PR1J from Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliase. This enzyme is a neutral protease with an optimal reaction pH and temperature of 7.4 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Results for the fibrinolysis pattern showed that the enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed the fibrin $\alpha$-chain followed by the $\gamma$-$\gamma$ chains. It also hydrolyzed the $\beta$-chain, but more slowly. The A$\alpha$, B$\beta$, and $\gamma$ chains of fibrinogen were also cleaved very rapidly. We found that enzyme activity was inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, but enhanced by the additions of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions. Furthermore, fibrinolytic enzyme activity was potently inhibited by PMSF and APMSF. This enzyme exhibited a high specificity for the chymotrypsin substrate S-2586 indicating it's a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The data we present suggest that the fibrinolytic enzyme derived from the edible and medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris has fibrin binding activity, which allows for the local activation of the fibrin degradation pathway.