• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.611-621
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• 2019

Precast concrete structure has many advantages, but the assembled seam will affect potentially the overall seismic performance of structure. Based on the sidewall joint located in the bottom of assembled monolithic subway station, the main objectives of this study are, on one hand to present an experimental campaign on the seismic behavior of precast sidewall joint (PWJ) and cast-in-place sidewall joint (CWJ) subjected to low-cycle repeated loading, and on the other hand to explore the effect of shape and position of assembled seam on load carrying capacity and crack width of precast sidewall joint. Two full-scale specimens were designed and tested. The important index of failure pattern, loading carrying capacity, deformation performance and crack width were evaluated and compared. Based on the test results, a series of different height and variably-shape of assembled seam of precast sidewall joint were considered. The test and numerical investigations indicate that, (1) the carrying capacity and deformation capacity of precast sidewall and cast-in-place sidewall were very similar, but the crack failure pattern, bending deformation and shearing deformation in the plastic hinge zone were different obviously; (2) the influence of the assembled seam should be considered when precast underground structures located in the aquifer water-bearing stratum; (3) the optimal assembled seam shape and position can be suggested for the design of precast underground concrete structures according to the analysis results.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2016

철도차량의 안정성과 신뢰성을 위해 상시 자가진단 시스템의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 통상적으로 이러한 모니터링 시스템에는 유선 센서가 쓰여 왔는데, 설치 장소의 제약이 적은 무선 센서의 활용과 유지보수의 문제를 위해서는 무선 센서의 전원 문제를 해결하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속으로 주행하는 차량 주변의 에너지를 활용하여 친환경적이면서 반영구적인 자가 발전의 방편으로 열전 발전의 적용성을 검토하였다. 차량의 주행 조건에 따라 열전 발전 모듈이 설치될 차축 베어링 커버의 온도 차이에 대한 측정이 먼저 이루어졌고, 여기에 상용 열전 소자 모듈을 장착하여 그 성능을 테스트 하였다. 주어진 조건에서 출력을 높이기 위해 부하 저항 및 열전 소자 전용 회로를 적용하여 효과를 분석한 결과, 저온부의 효과적인 냉각 및 열손실의 최소화를 통해 열전 발전을 통한 무선 센서 전원 공급이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

In cementless total hip arthroplasty(THA), an initial stability of the femoral component is mandatory to achieve bony inyowth and secondary long term fixation. Primary stability of the femoral component can be obtained by minimizing the magnitude of relative micromotions at bone stem interface. An accurate evaluation of interf'ace micromotion and stress/strain fields in the bone-implant system may be relevant for better understanding of clinical situations and improving THA design. Recently finite element method(FEM) was introduced in'orthopaedic research field due to its unique capacity to evaluate stress in structure of complex shape, loading and material behavior. The authors developed the 3-dimensional finite element model of proximal femur with $Multilock^{TM}$ stem of 1179 blick elements to analyse the micromotions and mechanical behaviors at the bone-stem inteface in early post-operative period for the load simulating single leg stance. The results indicates that the values of relative motion for this well fit stem were $150{\mu}m$ in maximum $82{\mu}m$ in minimum and the largest relative motion was developed in medial region of Proximal femur and in anterior-posterior direction. The motion in the proximal bone was much greater than in the distal bone and the stress pattern showed high stress concentration on the cortex near the tip of the stem. These findings indicate that the loading on the hip joint in the early postoperative situation before achieving bony ingrowth could produce large micromotion of $150{\mu}m$ and clinicaly non-cemented THA patient should not be allowed weight bearing strictly early in the postoperative period.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.369-380
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• 2017

The effects of the vertical component of a ground motion on the earthquake performances of semi-ductile high-rise R/C structures were investigated in the present study. Linear and non-linear time-history analyses were conducted on an existing in-service R/C building for the loading scenarios including and excluding the vertical component of the ground motion. The ratio of the vertical peak acceleration to the horizontal peak acceleration (V/H) of the ground motion was adopted as the main parameter of the study. Three different near-source earthquake records with varying V/H ratio were used in the analyses. The linear time-history analyses indicated that the incorporation of the vertical component of a ground motion into analyses greatly influences the vertical deflections of a structure and the overturning moments at its base. The lateral deflections, the angles of rotation and the base shear forces were influenced to a lesser extent. Considering the key indicators of vertical deflection and overturning moments determined from the linear time-history analysis, the non-linear analyses revealed that the changes in the forces and deformations of the structure with the inclusion of the vertical ground motion are resisted by the shear-walls. The performances and damage states of the beams were not affected by the vertical ground motion. The vertical ground motion component of earthquakes is markedly concluded to be considered for design and damage estimation of the vertical load-bearing elements of the shear-walls and columns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2017

The square tubed-reinforced concrete (TRC) column is a kind of special concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, in which the outer thin-walled steel tube does not pass through the beam-column joint, so that the longitudinal steel reinforcing bars in the RC beam are continuous through the connection zone. However, there is a possible decrease of the axial bearing capacity at the TRC column to RC beam connection due to the discontinuity of the column tube, which is a concern to engineers. 24 connections and 7 square TRC columns were tested under axial compression. The primary parameters considered in the tests are: (1) connection location (corner, exterior and interior); (2) dimensions of RC beam cross section; (3) RC beam type (with or without horizontal haunches); (4) tube type (with or without stiffening ribs). The test results show that all specimens have relatively high load-carrying capacity and satisfactory ductility. With a proper design, the connections exhibit higher axial resistance and better ductility performance than the TRC column. The feasibility of this type of connections is verified.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 6호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2022

Lightweight concrete is a superior material due to its light weight and high strength. There however remain significant lacunae in engineering knowledge with regards to shear failure of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete beams. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the optimum usage of steel fibers in lightweight fiber reinforced concrete (LWFRC). Multi-scale finite element model calibrated with experimental results is developed to study the effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of LWFRC beams. To decrease the amount of steel fibers, it is preferred to reinforce only the middle section of the LWFRC beams, where the flexural stresses are higher. For numerical simulation, a multi-scale finite element model was developed. The cement matrix was modeled as homogeneous and uniform material and both steel fibers and lightweight coarse aggregates were randomly distributed within the matrix. Considering more realistic assumptions, the bonding between fibers and cement matrix was considered with the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and its parameters were determined using the model update method. Furthermore, conformity of Load-Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) curves obtained from numerical modeling and experimental test results of notched beams under center-point loading tests were investigated. Validating the finite element model results with experimental tests, the effects of fibers' volume fraction, and the length of the reinforced middle section, on flexural and residual strengths of LWFRC, were studied. Results indicate that using steel fibers in a specified length of the concrete beam with high flexural stresses, and considerable savings can be achieved in using steel fibers. Reducing the length of the reinforced middle section from 50 to 30 cm in specimens containing 10 kg/m3 of steel fibers, resulting in a considerable decrease of the used steel fibers by four times, whereas only a 7% reduction in bearing capacity was observed. Therefore, determining an appropriate length of the reinforced middle section is an essential parameter in reducing fibers, usage leading to more affordable construction costs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.253-267
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• 2023

The bearing capacities resisted by the two-bay beams of multi-story planar frames with unequal spans under column removal scenarios differ considerably owing to the asymmetric stress on the left and right beams connected to the failed column and cause the potential for beams with larger span-to-depth ratios to be unable to exert effectively, which is disadvantageous for resisting the vertical load in unequal-span frame structures. To address this problem, the structural measure of adding braces to the weak bays of multi-story unequal-span frames was proposed, with the objective of achieving a coordinated stress state in two-bay beams with unequal spans, thereby improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures. Before conducting the numerical simulation, the modeling methods were verified by previous experimental results of two multi-story planar frames with and without steel braces. Thereafter, the effects of the tensile and compressive braces on the collapse behavior of the frame structures were elucidated. Then, based on the mechanical action laws of the braces throughout the collapse process, a detailed design method for improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures was proposed. Finally, the proposed design method was verified by using sufficient example models, and the results demonstrated that the design method has good application prospects and high practical value.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

본 논문은 모래다짐말뚝의 대체재로 제강슬래그를 다짐말뚝으로 사용하여 그에 따른 지반공학적 거동을 조사하기 위하여 원심모형 실험을 수행한 실험적 수치적 연구 결과이다. 제강슬래그의 상대밀도를 변화시킨 원심모형실험을 수행하여 그의 지지력 변화, 말뚝과 점토지반 사이의 응력분담비, 침하특성, 파괴메카니즘에 대하여 조사하였다. 원심모형실험결과, 슬래그다짐말뚝의 상대밀도가 증가할수록 지지력이 증가함을 확인하였으며 동일조건의 모래다짐말뚝 보다 약 $30\%$ 정도 항복하중강도가 크게 나타나 모래 대체 재료로서 효과가 있을 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 슬래그다짐말뚝의 상대밀도가 증가할수록 응력분담비는 증가하였으며 재하시험후 활동선 관찰결과 말뚝상부로 부터 $2D{\sim}2.5D$ 깊이에서 말뚝의 명료한 전단면이 발생하였다. 한편, 수정 Cam-clay 모델을 사용한 상용프로그램 CRISP을 이용하여 원심모형실험결과를 모사하였다. 하중-침하 곡선과 응력분담비의 특성에 대한 해석결과는 실험결과와 비교적 근접하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5906-5914
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• 2013

최근 국내에서 철도부지 상부에 인공지반을 구축하고, 인공지반 위에 복합주거타운을 건설하는 정책이 추진되고 있다. 이에 상부 구조물 및 인공지반을 지지할 수 있는 적합한 기초형식이 요구되는데, 철로와 철로 사이의 좁은 공간에 급속 시공 가능한 기초 형식 중 가장 대표적인 방법은 마이크로파일로 알려져 있다. 그러나 주기초로 마이크로파일이 사용될 경우 기초 시공비가 크게 증가하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 마이크로파일의 경제성 및 지지력을 향상시키면서 철도상부 인공지반에 적합한 신개념 마이크로파일을 제안하였다. 신개념 마이크로파일은 지반을 Jet Grouting 공법을 이용하여 지반의 일정 영역을 고결시킨 뒤 강봉을 시공하는 방법에 Jet Grouting 시 말뚝체를 파형(waveform)의 형상으로 시공하여 지지력을 향상시키고 기존 마이크로파일 대비 말뚝의 전체 길이를 줄여 경제성을 높이고자 한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 축대칭 유한요소해석을 수행하여 이러한 파형 마이크로 파일의 지지거동을 분석하였다. 해석 결과 파형 마이크로파일은 일반 마이크로파일에 비해 길이가 15% 정도 감소하였음에도 불구하고 동일한 설계하중에서 변위가 감소하여 지지력 및 경제성 측면에서 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 파형 마이크로파일의 요철에 의한 주면 마찰력 증가효과는 상대적으로 연약한 토층에서 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2001

오염된 연약지반에 편재하중이 작용하는 경우에 있어서 지반의 소성화에 따른 측방유동에 대한 거동을 규명하기 위하여 기존의 이론적인 배경을 고찰하고, 모형실험을 통하여 실측한 결과를 상호 비교.분석하였다. 모형실험은 모형재하장치인 토조와 재하틀 및 재하판을 제작하여 토조 안에 함수비를 일정하게 유지한 상태에서 자연지반의 시료와 오염물질을 점진적으로 증가시킨 지반시료에 대하여 일정한 시간 간격으로 편재하중을 증가시키면서 침하량과 측방변위량 및 융기량 등을 관측하였다. 그 결과 한계하중은 실험값이 Tschebotarioff(q$_{cr}$=3.0$_{cu}$)의 제안값과 Meyerhof(q$_{cr}$=(B/2H+$\pi$/2)$_{cu}$)의 제안값에 근접하여 q$_{cr}$=2.78$_{cu}$값을 나타냈고, 극한하중은 Prandtl의 제안값에 근접하여 q$_{ult}$=4.84$_{cu}$값을 나타냈다. 측방유동압은 Matsui.Hong의 이론식에 의해서 산정함이 비교적 적절하며, 측방유동압의 최대값은 토층두께(H)의 0.3H 부근에서 발생하였으며, 복합형과 Poulos의 분포형태 및 오염되지 않는 연약점토(CL, CH)지반 보다 지표면측으로 상승하여 발생하였다. 안정관리방법은 지반의 측방유동에 의한 소성변위량을 많이 이용하고 있는 부영.교본, 자전.관구, 송미.천촌 등의 안정관리도에 적용한 결과 송미.천촌의{S$_{v}$-(Y$_{m}$/S$_{v}$)}관리도와 자전.관구의 {(q/Y$_{m}$)-q}관리도에서 얻어진 극한하중은 하중-침하량곡선 (q-S$_{v}$)에서 얻어진 극한하중 보다 적은 경향을 나타냈다.