• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal forces in the frontal plane acting on a pedal due to the vertical alignment of the lower limbs. Method: Seven male subjects (age: $25.3{\pm} 0.8years$, height: $175.4{\pm}4.7cm$, weight: $74.7{\pm}14.2kg$, foot size: $262.9{\pm}7.6mm$) participated in two 2-minute cycle pedaling tests, with the same load and cadence (60 revolutions per minute) across all subjects. The subject's saddle height was determined by the height when the knee was at $25^{\circ}$ flexion when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position (knee angle method). The horizontal force acting on the pedal, vertical force acting on the pedal in the frontal plane, ratio of the two forces, and knee range of motion in the frontal plane were calculated for four pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$) and the complete pedaling cycle. Results: The range of motion of the knee in the frontal plane was decreased, and the ratio of vertical force to horizontal force and overall pedal force in the complete cycle were increased after vertical alignment. Conclusion: The ratio of vertical force to horizontal force in the frontal plane may be used as an injury prevention index of the lower limb.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2013

본 논문은 정전기력을 이용한 마찰력 변조를 이용하여 손끝을 통한 촉각정보의 입출력을 동시 구현하는 소자를 제안하였다. 기존의 촉각소자들이 촉각정보의 입력 및 출력을 개별적으로 구현한 것에 비해 본 연구는 손끝의 수직/수평 방향 동작 인식과 질감 구현을 동시에 구현하였다는 점에서 차별성을 가진다. 실험분석을 통해 검증한 손끝 동작 인식기능은 수직방향의 클릭의 경우 0.146nF/$40{\mu}m$, 수평방향의 경우 0.09nF/$750{\mu}m$의 정전용량 변화를 통해 인식 가능하였으며, 질감 구현의 경우 정전기적 인력을 통해 마찰력을 32~152mN의 범위에서 제어할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 교류전압을 이용한 수평적 진동은 60V, 3Hz에서 최대 128.1mN의 마찰력 변조를 구현하였으며, 이는 기존 연구 대비 32% 향상을 보여준다. 본 연구는 손끝에서 정보의 입출력을 동시 구현하여 정보기기의 촉각인터페이스에 적용 가능하다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

This study was to evaluate mechanical properties and toughness of the Al5083-O aluminum alloy welding zone according to the mixing shield gas ratio and heat input change. The GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding of the base metal was carried out with four different mixing shield gas ratios(Ar100%+He0%, Ar67%+He33%, Ar50%+He50%, and Ar33%+He67%) and three different heat inputs(low, medium, and high). To investigate the Charpy absorbed energy of the weld zone, the specimens were divided base metal, weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ notched specimen according to the worked notch position. The different gas ratio and heat input had little effect upon the tensile strength. But Ar33%+He67% mixture had the greatest mechanical properties considering that the more He gas ratio concentrations, the higher yield strength and elongation. The maximum load and displacement of the weld metal notche specimen was so much low more than that of the base metal, but fusion line and HAZ notched specimens showed almost same regardless of the mixing shield gas ratio and heat input. The Charpy absorbed energy was lowest in weld metal notched specimen, and increased in the fusion line, and HAZ notche specimen in order. Ar33%+He67% mixture had the greatest toughness considering that the more He gas ratio, the higher absorption energy.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Unlike other types of outdoor advertisements, rooftop signboards are installed on the roofs of buildings, rather than on their outer walls. This means that the area of a rooftop signboard is commonly larger than that of a general outdoor signboard. Moreover, as such signboards are greatly influenced by the wind, they can suffer a lot of damage from typhoons and strong winds every year. However, there is no wind load specification for rooftop signboards. In this study, wind pressure experiments were conducted to investigate the peak wind pressure on each side of rooftop signboards installed on the roofs of 5-15 story buildings in a city center. The minimum peak wind pressure coefficient was -3.0 at the bottom edges of the front and back of the rooftop signboards and -2.0 along the entire length of the sides. As the height of the rooftop signboard increased with the increasing height of the buildings, the peak value was found to be larger than the absolute peak value for the minimum peak wind pressure coefficient. The maximum and minimum peak wind pressure distributions of the rooftop outdoor signboards were influenced by the position of the signboard and the wind angle.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권1A호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 초고속 통신망의 대안기술로 부각되고 있는 HFC 전속망을 기본 전송망으로 하는 CATV/LAN망에서 새로운 MAC프로토콜을 제안하고 성능해석을 수행하였다. CATV/LAN 전송망에서 주요 해석의 대상인 상향채널은 단방향 채널 특성과 단말의 위치에 따라서 우선적으로 접속되는 특성이 발생한다. 이런 전송망에서 공정성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 전송할 데이터가 발생하면 그 즉시 데이터를 전송하지 않고 Pi확률로 데이터를 전송하는 CSMA-CD/U/P(Unsoltted Pi-persistent CSMA-CD)프로토콜을 제안한다. 성능해석과 시뮬레이션 결과 전송망에서 공정성을 이루는 데이터 전송 확률값인 Pi의 분포를 구하였으며, 전송망의 공정성이 이루어 졌을 때 평균 지연 시간(mean delay time)을 구했다. 또한, 지연시간의 분산값을 구하였으며 단말의 버퍼큐에서 큐길이(queue length)분포도 구하였다. 평균 지연 시간과 큐길이 분포는 부하가 커질수록, 단말의 수가 많아 질수록 증가 하는 양상을 보인다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1130-1147
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• 2014

Large size ships have a very flexible construction resulting in low resonance frequencies of the structural eigen-modes. This feature increases the dynamic response of the structure on short period waves (springing) and on impulsive wave loads (whipping). This dynamic response in its turn increases both the fatigue damage and the ultimate load on the structure; these aspects illustrate the importance of including the dynamic response into the design loads for these ship types. Experiments have been carried out using a segmented scaled model of a container ship in a Seakeeping Basin. This paper describes the development of the model for these experiments; the choice was made to divide the hull into six rigid segments connected with a flexible beam. In order to model the typical feature of the open structure of the containership that the shear center is well below the keel line of the vessel, the beam was built into the model as low as possible. The model was instrumented with accelerometers and rotation rate gyroscopes on each segment, relative wave height meters and pressure gauges in the bow area. The beam was instrumented with strain gauges to measure the internal loads at the position of each of the cuts. Experiments have been carried out in regular waves at different amplitudes for the same wave period and in long crested irregular waves for a matrix of wave heights and periods. The results of the experiments are compared to results of calculations with a linear model based on potential flow theory that includes the effects of the flexural modes. Some of the tests were repeated with additional links between the segments to increase the model rigidity by several orders of magnitude, in order to compare the loads between a rigid and a flexible model.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 경량구조 적용을 위한 구조 접합부 설계를 제시하였다. 압력에 대한 구조 안정성 연구를 위하여 용접부 접합부와 볼트 접합부에 대한 모델을 설계하였다. 확립된 모델의 신뢰성 검증을 위하여, 비선형 해석을 수행하였고, 실험결과와 비교하였을 때 유사한 결과를 확인하였다. 또한 비교연구를 통하여 구조설계 재료와 적합한 용접방법을 선택하였으며, 볼트의 개수와 위치에 따른 파단하중 시뮬레이션을 진행하여 응력에 따른 안정성을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 접합부 모델을 기반으로 경량 구조를 모델링하고 구조 해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 용접부와 볼트체결을 적용하여 설계된 구조가 접합부를 적용하지 않은 구조에 비해 최대응력이 31.4% 감소함을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 토대로, 경량구조의 안정성 해석 시 접합부 모델링의 필요성을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2010

It follows in quality and sewage exclusion method of the investigation objective sector and the Combined Sewer Overflows which is suitable in regional characteristics and the confluence area against the rainfall initially a flow and the medulla and measurement - it analyzes the initial rainfall outflow possibility control plan which is suitable in the domestic actual condition and it proposes the monitor ring plan for the long-term flow and pollution load data accumulation. From the research which it sees the Infiltration water/Influent water and CSOs investigation it passes by the phase of hazard chain and Namwon right time 4 it does not hold reverse under selecting, Measurement it used the hazard automatic flow joint seal Sigma 910 machine and in case 15 minute interval of the I/I, it measured a flow at case 5, 15 minute standing of the CSOs. The water quality investigation for the water leakage investigation of the I/I and the sewage from the point which is identical with flow measurement during on-the-spot inspection duration against 6 items which include the BOD sampling and an analysis, when the rainfall analysis for CSOs fundamental investigation analyzed against 18 items which include the BOD sampling. Consequently, for the optimum interpretation invasion water / inflow water of the this investigation area day average the lowest flow - water quality assessment veterinarian optimum interpretation hazard average per day - lowest flow - it averages a medulla evaluation law department one lowest flow evaluation technique and it selects, it presentation collectively from here it gets, position result with base flow analysis of invasion water / inflow water.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.310-322
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal loading conditions for pure intrusion of the six maxillary anterior teeth with miniscrews according to alveolar bone loss. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was created for a segment of the six anterior teeth, and the positions of the miniscrews and hooks were varied after setting the alveolar bone loss to 0, 2, or 4 mm. Under 100 g of intrusive force, initial displacement of the individual teeth in three directions and the degree of labial tilting were measured. Results: The degree of labial tilting increased with reduced alveolar bone height under the same load. When a miniscrew was inserted between the two central incisors, the amounts of medial-lateral and anterior-posterior displacement of the central incisor were significantly greater than in the other conditions. When the miniscrews were inserted distally to the canines and an intrusion force was applied distal to the lateral incisors, the degree of labial tilting and the amounts of displacement of the six anterior teeth were the lowest, and the maximum von Mises stress was distributed evenly across all the teeth, regardless of the bone loss. Conclusions: Initial tooth displacement similar to pure intrusion of the six maxillary anterior teeth was induced when miniscrews were inserted distal to the maxillary canines and an intrusion force was applied distal to the lateral incisors. In this condition, the maximum von Mises stresses were relatively evenly distributed across all the teeth, regardless of the bone loss.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2002

Bending moments results from offset overloading of dental implant, which may cause stress concentrations to exceed the physiological capacity of cortical bone and lead to various kinds of mechanical failures. The purpose of this study was to compare the distributing pattern of stress on the finite element models with the different angulated placement of dental implant in mandibular posterior missing areas. The three kinds of finite element model, were designed according to 3 main configurations: Model 1(parallel typed placement of 2 fixtures), Model 2(15. distal angulated placement of one fixture on second molar area), Model 3(15. mesial angulated placement of one fixture on second molar area). The cemented crowns for mandibular first and second molars were made on the two fixtures (4mm 11.5). Three-dimensional finite element models by two fixtures were constructed with the components of the implant and surrounding bone. A 200N vertical static load were applied to the center of central fossa and the point 2mm apart from the center of central fossa on each model. The preprocessing, solving and postprocessing procedures were done by using FEM analysis software NISA/DISPLAY IV Version 10.0((Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, USA). Von Mises stresses were evaluated and compared in the supporting bone, fixtures, and abutment. The results were as following : (1) Under the point loading at the central fossa, the direction of angulated fixture affected the stress pattern of implants. (2) Under the offset loading, the position of loading affected more on the stress concentration of implants compare to the angulated direction of implants. The results had a tendency to increase the stress on the supporting bone, fixture and screw under the offset loads when the placement angulation of implant fixture is placed toward mesial or distal direction. In designing of the occlusal scheme for angulated placement, placing the occlusal contacts axially during chewing appears to have advantages in a biomechanical viewpoint.