• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2006

'한국 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물내 유기물의 시 공간적 분포특성을 파악하고자 2002년 4월부터 2003년 1월까지 15개 정점을 대상으로 격월간격으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 저층해수(B-1m) 수온과 염분 그리고 표층퇴적물의 니질 함량과 함수율은 각각 $8.1{\sim}23.4^{\circ}C,\;29.2{\sim}34.5\;psu,\;71.2{\sim}99.9%$ 및 $38.7{\sim}68.9%$의 범위를 보였다. 강열감량(IL), 식물색소량(phaeopigment), 입자성 유기탄소(POC), 입자성 유기질소(PON) 및 화학적산소요구량(CODs)은 각각 $3.9{\sim}12.5%,\;1.58{\sim}29.51\;{\mu}g/g-dry,\;3.12{\sim}13.01\;mgC/g-dry,\;0.49{\sim}2.0\;mgN/g-dry$ 그리고 $9.6{\sim}44.05\;mgO_2/g-dry$의 범위를 보였다. 유기물의 공간적인 분포는 육지와 인접한 연안역보다 수심이 깊은 외양역에서 높은 유기물량을 나타내었다. 시간적으로는 저수온기보다 고수온기에 유기물량이 증가하였다. 유기물 기원은 C/N ratio가 평균 6.44(${\pm}0.51$)로 나타나 해양자체 생산에 의한 생물기원 유기물에 게 의존하고 있으나, 비교적 높은 POC/phaeopigment ratio로 부터 전체적으로 식물플랑크톤보다 쇄설성 유기물질에 의한 조성비가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 주성분분석 결과 누적 기여율 73.2%의 제 2주성분까지 도출되었다. 얻어진 인자부하량으로부터 제 1주성분은 '환경요인에 따른 표층퇴적물의 유기물 집적정도(57.3%)'를, 제 2주성분은 '해양의 생유기물에 의한 유기물 척도(15.9%)'로 판단되었다. 정점별 득점 분포로부터 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물 환경은 유기물 함량과 퇴적물내 식물플랑크톤에 의한 유기물 조성 비율에 따라 4개의 해역으로 구분되었다.

• 한국생활환경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2009

본 연구는 최대하 부하 트래드밀 운동과 간헐적 부위별 인체 냉각 시 심부와 말초 부위의 동적 체온조절을 관찰하기 위해 고안되었다. 이를 위해 총 다섯명의 남자 피험자가 세 가지 실험 조건, 머리와 손 냉각 조건(HH cooling), 다리 냉각 조건(Leg Cooling), 냉각하지 않는 대조군(Control)에 참여하였고, 모든 실험은 기온 24±1℃와 습도 50±5%RH로 유지되는 인공기후실에서 수행되었다. 피험자들은80%HR_max의 트래드밀 운동과 이어지는 회복 스케쥴을 두 번 반복하였고, 인체 부위별 냉각은 15℃의 물이 순환하는 액체 냉각모자, 장갑, 다리를 덮는 형태의 담요를 이용하여 회복 시에만 적용되었다. 본 연구 결과, (1) 직장온도(T_re)는 세 조건 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다; (2) 피부온도는 부위별로 특징되어지는 다양한 체온조절 현상을 보였다. 특히, 운동의 시작 시점에서 보이는 피부온도의 초기 하강은 주로 가슴, 넓적다리, 종아리, 손가락 피부 온도에서 관찰되었으며, 이 중 손가락 온도(T_fing)에서의 초기 하강 현상은 매우 현저했다. (3) 피부 온도가 초기 하강을 보이는 동안 T_re는 점점 증가했다. (4) 두 번째 운동 시작 시 T_fing에서의 초기 하강 규모는 Control 조건에서 평균 4.8℃, HH cooling 조건에서는 5.1℃, Leg cooling 조건에서는 3.4℃로, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 초기 하강 현상을 보인 시간은 Control 조건에서 평균 8.1분으로 HH cooling 조건에서는 7.9분, Leg cooling 조건에서는 6.3분보다 길었으나 통계적 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로, 트래드밀 운동의 개시기에 관찰된 피부온도 하강 현상은 인체 심부의 온열 상태의 진행과는 반대되므로, 비 온열적 요인을 반영한다. 특히, T_fing에서 초기 하강의 규모는 인체 부위별 냉각에 의해 영향을 받았다. 따라서, 말초 부위의 피부온도 하강 현상은 운동 중 피부면의 온열 상태 예측 시 주의깊게 고려되어져야 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1979

A study was carried out from October 1977 to September 1978 in order to develope health care delively system which will meet to rural area in Korea. For the study objective a model of health care delivery system of Myun (township) area was developed which is adopted the net-work of village health voluntary worker who will play the role of bridge for communication related with health and illness between families or village people and health subcenter, and :he model health care delivery system net-work was set in the area of Soodong Myun, Yangju Gun. which is the rural health demonstration area of Ewha Womans University since 1972. The activities and attitude of 22 village health voluntary workers were observed and analized. during the study period. The results are as follows; 1. For the field activities of village health voluntary workers. a guide line which is described with specific behavioral objectives was developed and used for not only training of the workers but also evaluation of their field activities. 2. During the study period, the number of 971 village people were served primary health care service by village health voluntary worker and the service was classified largely into symptomatic medications (92%) and preventive measures (8%). 3. Comparative percentage of the number of 894 symptomatic cases cared by village health voluntary workers to 5,695 cases of patient treated by Soodong Health Subcenter during the same period was 15.7%. 4. Annual utility rate of village health voluntary worker by Myun total people was 16.1% but utility rate by Rie was varied from 38.2% to 2.8% which shown there were considerable differences in each Rie. In order to settle the village health care service, the obstructive factors of utility should be detected and their counter measure must be taken. 5. As the health need of village people increases, it is expected that the supplement of drug excluding present sit basic drugs is inevitable, but considering the ability of village health voluntary worker, the selection of additional drugs and education, plan should be carefully studied. 6. It is desirable that a financial resource for supplementary purchase of first aid kit, drugs and materials whould be alloted from village public fund like Saemaeul Women's Club fund, which has already practiced in a few villages in the study area. 7. As pointed out by village health voluntary workers, in order to improve the village health, village leaders should be in the center of it and the cooperation of whole village people is a core of healthful village development, and it is reasonable that the health subcenter backs up these voluntary health activities by village people in techniques. 8. It seems effective that a supplementary education for village health voluntary worker be accomplished by a planned education through regular meetings like worker's monthly meeting and irregular post guide when Myun Health Workers can handle the problems found during the round trip of villages. 9. It is desirable that village health voluntary workers, who are recommended by a civil voluntary organization like Saemael Woman's Club, are charged by natural villagc unit, are given a function of village health care service and used through basic education at health subcenter. 10. It is advisable that the village health voluntary worker's service is compensated not by a form of money, but by other way such as an exemption of medical fee of worker herself or her families in health subcenter can be one method. 11. Daily health activities of each village health voluntary worker should be reported to health subcenter by biweekly or monthly in order to get not only for basic data of the program but also for evaluation the program. It is recomandable that the report form should be simple and clear enough for village health voluntary worker to fill it effectively. 12. Village health care service should be developed into a Saemaeul Movement in which village people actively participate. For this, the appointed function of village health voluntary worker should be absorbed into those of living Environment Betterment Section or Family Planning Section of Saemaeul Women's Club or it is desirable that establish a new section, Village Health Promoting Section and make it involve the appointed functions of those sections mentioned above.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 1982

As technological civilization and medical science has developed, standards of living have imp-roved and human life expectancy has been extended. But the incidence and mortality rate of cancer have been gradually increasing due to the pollution of the environment. Even though cancer is still a great threat to human beings, the etiology and appropriate cure forcancerhavenotyetbeendiscovered. The early detection and treatment of cancer is urgently needed. This study concentrates on the health behavior of woman regarding the papanicolau smear for early detection of cervical cancer. It was done in order to provide a direction for scientific health education materials by investigating predictors of preventive health behavior. The subjects for this study were made up of 54 woman, who comply with preventive health practices(compliant) who attended the Cervical Cancer Center of Y University Hospital in order to have tests for early detection of cervical cancer and 54 woman who did not comply with preventive health practices (noncompliant) selected from 100 housewives of I apartment, Kang Nam Ku, Seoul. The study method used, was a questionnaire for the compliance group and an interview for the noncompliance group. The period for data collection was from October 13th to October 24th. 1981. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, T-test, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows: 1. The hypotheses tested were based on the health belief model; 1) The first hypothesis,“The compliant may have more knowledge of the cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was rejected(T=-1.86, p>.05) 2) The second hypothesis,“The compliant may have a higher severity of cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was accepted (T=5.41, p<.001) 3) The third hypothesis, “The compliant may have a higher susceptability to cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was accepted(T=3.51, p<.01). 4) The fourth hypothesis,“The compliant may have more beneHt than cost'from the cervical cancer tests than the noncompliant" was accepted(T=7.46, p<.001). 5) The fifth hypothesis,“The compliant may have more health concern than the noncompliant”. was accepted(T=3.39, p<.01). These results show that severity, susceptability, benefit(over cost) and health concern influence the preventive health behavior in this Study. 2. In the correlation among variables, it was found that the knowledge of cervical cancer and the benefit(over cost) of preventive health behavior were negatively correlated(r=-2.75, p<.01), Severity of cervical cancer and benefit (over cost) of preventive health behavior were positively correlated(r=.280, p＜.01), severity and susceptability of cervical cancer were positively correlated(r= .238, p<.01), benefit(over cost) and health concern were positively correlated(r= .299, p<.01). The benefit(over cost) may be raised by increasing the severity and health concern. Therefore the compliance rate of woman may be raised through health education by increasing the benefit(over cost) of the individual. 3. The Stepwise Multiple Regression between health behavior and predictors. 1) The factor“Benefit(over cost)”could account for preventive health behavior in 34.4％ of the sample(F=55.6204 P<.01). 2) When the factor“Severity”is added to this, it accounts for 44.3% of preventive health behavior(F=41.679, p<.01). 3) When the factor“Susceptability”is also included, it accounts for 46.7% of preventive health behavior(F=30.373, p<.01). 4) When the factor “Health concern”is included, it accounts for 48.1% of preventive health behavior(F=23859, p<.05). This means that other factors appear to influence preventive health behavior, since the combination of variables explains only 48.1％ of the Preventive health behavior. Therefore further study to investigate the predictors of preventive health behavior is necessary.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 서울 일부 지역 주부 140명을 대상으로 사회 인지론을 적용하여 개발된 나트륨 섭취 감소를 위한 영양교육 프로그램을 수행하고, 프로그램의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 나트륨 섭취 관련 지식 및 인식, 환경 인식, 식행동을 조사하여 교육 전후의 변화를 파악하였다. 나트륨 섭취 관련 지식 및 인식 항목에서는 하루 필요 소금 섭취량에 대해 인지하는 비율이 교육 후 77.8%로 교육 전보다 54.6%가 증가하였다. 교육 후 싱거운 쪽의 음식의 간을 선호하는 것으로 인식 변화한 대상자는 25.6%였다. 대부분 대상자들은 식생활에서 저염 섭취에 대한 필요성을 느끼고 있었고, 싱겁게 조리된 음식을 제공할 시 선택하겠다고 응답한 대상자의 비율이 높아 저염 섭취를 위한 환경적 요인이 향상된다면 저염섭취에 대한 자아효능감에 해당하는 개인적 수준의 영역이 높아질 수 있음이 확인되었다. 나트륨 섭취 관련 환경 항목에서는 대상자의 약 2/3가 교육 전 저염식을 먹을 수 있는 곳을 찾아본 경험이 없다고 응답하였으나, 교육 후 찾아본 경험이 있는 것으로 변화된 대상자는 23.6%로 증가하였다. 교육 후 서울 시내에서 저염 음식점의 필요성을 느낀다고 응답한 대상자는 70.0% 이상이었으나, 저염식을 섭취 시 주변에서 먹을 수 있는 곳을 찾는 것은 대체로 어려운 것으로 나타났다(93.5%). 나트륨 섭취 관련 식행동 항목에서 교육 전후로 효과가 있었던 항목은 식품의 영양표시를 확인하고 나트륨이 적은 식품을 선택, 저염 제품 등 나트륨이 적은 식품을 구매, 조리 시 소금의 사용량을 줄이고 마늘, 생강, 고춧가루 등 천연재료를 사용, 패스트푸드(햄버거, 피자 등) 및 가공식품의 섭취 감소 항목으로 직접적인 저염 실천 행동에서의 개선 효과가 유의적으로 나타났다. 그러나 환경 요인과 관련된 식행동인 짜지 않게 조리 요청 여부와 저염 제품 및 건강음식점 소개 여부 항목에서는 행동 변화율이 낮았다. 향후 본 연구에서 수행된 저염 섭취를 위한 영양교육 프로그램을 보완하기 위하여 저염 섭취를 위한 물리적 환경 개선과 병행하여 환경 인식에 대한 평가를 실시하고 대상자가 지속해서 저염 섭취를 위한 행동 변화들이 유지될 수 있는 영양교육 내용이 보완되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.475-487
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the consumption of Han-sik and its association with the years of residence in Korea and the socioeconomic status among Filipino immigrant women of the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). Methods: A total of 474 Filipino women married to Korean men were included in the analysis. Their dietary intake was assessed using a single-day 24-hour recall. The participants provided information on the demographics, socioeconomic, and health-related factors through face-to-face interviews. The generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to examine the association between the socioeconomic status and consumption of Han-sik. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.3 years old, and the average duration of residence in Korea was 8.2 years. Among 474 Filipino women, a total of 467 consumed Han-sik, with an average of 6.8 food items per day. The Han-sik foods that the participants consumed most frequently were rice, cabbage kimchi, mixed-grain rice, and fried eggs. The average ratio of Han-sik was 58.57%. The ratio of Han-sik showed no significant associations with the years of residence, years of living together with their husband, education levels, total annual family income, or linguistic competence of Korean. However, the ratio of Han-sik use was associated with cohabitation with parents-in-law; the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.41 (1.18-4.92, p-trend = 0.002) comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile of the Han-sik ratio. Conclusions: Filipino immigrant women in the FiLWHEL study consumed a larger number of Han-sik than Philippine foods. In addition, cohabitation with their parents-in-law was associated with the consumption of Han-sik. Further epidemiologic studies will be needed to determine how the diet affects the health and wellbeing of immigrant women in Korea.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권5_1호
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• pp.627-646
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• 2022

최근 지구 온난화로 인한 기후 변화와 관련된 문제의 심각성이 커지고 있으며 평균 기온 또한 상승하고 있다. 이로 인해 온도에 민감한 다양한 생물과 생물이 살아가는 환경에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 생태계의 변화 역시 감지되고 있다. 계절은 그 지역에 사는 생물의 종류, 분포, 생육 특성 등에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인의 하나이다. 기후 변화 영향 평가의 지표 중 가장 대중적이고 쉽게 인식될 수 있는 식물 계절 중 개화일과 단풍나무 절정일의 모델링을 수행하였다. 모델링에 사용된 식물의 종류에는 봄을 대표하는 식물로 볼 수 있는 개나리와 벚나무, 가을을 대표하는 식물로 볼 수 있는 단풍 나무와 은행 나무를 사용하였다. 모델링을 수행할 때 사용된 기상 자료로는 기상청의 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) 관측소를 통해서 관측된 기온, 강수, 일사 자료를 사용하였으며, 개나리, 벚나무의 개화일과 약 -0.2, 은행나무, 단풍나무의 단풍 절정일과 약 0.3 정도의 상관 계수를 가지는 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 식생지수를 사용하여 모델링을 수행하였다. 사용된 모델로는 선형 모델인 다중 회귀 모형과, 비선형 모델인 Random Forest (RF)를 사용하여 모델을 수립하였다. 또한 각 모형으로 추정된 예측 값을 공간 내삽 기법을 이용하여 등치 선도로 2003~2020년의 식물 계절 변화 경향 성을 표현하였다. 향후에 높은 시공간 해상도를 가지는 식생지수를 사용한다면 더 높은 식물 계절 모델링의 정확도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2023

본 연구는 고등학생들의 시각에서 바라본 지속가능한 식생활의 실천 사례와 개념, 실천을 방해하는 요소들에 대해 파악하고 지속가능한 식생활교육이 보완될 점을 제시하고자 하였다. 고등학생들을 대상으로 지속가능한 식생활의 실천 사례와 실천하지 못한 사례들에 대해 포토보이스를 활용하여 지속가능한 식생활교육 실시 유무에 따른 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 교육 미실시 그룹을 대상으로는 지속가능한 식생활에 대한 기본적인 정의에 대해서만 교육을 실시하였으며 교육 실시 그룹을 대상으로는 지속가능한 식생활 내용 체계에 따라 구체적 영역별 학습요소에 대한 교육을 실시하였다. 지속가능한 식생활교육 미실시 그룹 7명은 65장의 사진을 제출하였으며 교육 실시 그룹 8명은 80장의 사진을 제출하여 총 145장의 사진을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전체 연구 대상자들의 지속가능한 식생활에 대한 개념 인식도는 건강 66.54%, 환경 23.74%, 배려 9.73% 순으로 높게 나타났다. 지속가능한 식생활 영역에 따라 연구대상자들이 제출한 결과물을 범주화한 결과 지속가능한 식생활교육을 통해 추출되는 개념들이 다양하며 해당되는 소영역의 수가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 대부분의 연구대상자들이 당류 및 나트륨 함량이 높은 음식들을 섭취하고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 직접 조리하여 식사하기보다는 주로 배달 음식을 먹거나 외식을 하는 경우가 많았다. 또한 면담 결과 지속가능한 식생활의 실천 방법에 대해서 개념적 이해는 하고 있으나 실천으로 이어지지 못하는 경우들이 있었으며 연구대상자들은 포토보이스 활동을 통해 자신의 지속가능한 식생활에 대한 반성적 사고를 할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 고등학생 관점에서의 지속가능한 식생활에 대한 의미와 실천 사례에 대해 질적 연구 방법인 포토보이스를 활용하여 일상생활 속에서 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 연구 결과를 통해 가정과 교육에서 지속가능한 식생활교육 프로그램을 보완하고 방향성을 설정하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2000

As recent developments of Immunology and Nuclear medicine, serum IgE and IgG values are helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of nasal allergies. But in Korea, air pollution and the increased use of food additives have become leading factors in nasal allergies, It seems to be induced by environmental change, especially industrialization and urbanization, so allergic rhinitis in our environment has changed in accordance with the changes made in the living environment. Therefore this study is attempted in order to observe a clinical analysis which places more importance on allergic rhinitis. We studied 200 patients who had visited Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center with allergic rhinitis from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999 The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 114 males(57%) and 86 females(43%). In age distribution, the average age was 25. In males, ages ranged from 3 to 66 years old and the average was 23.81. In females, ages ranged from 4 to 67 years old and the average was 28.57. The peak age was 30～39 years old(24%); under 9 years old and 10～19 years old were each 18%; 20～29 years old was 22%; 40～49 years old was 11 %; over 50 years old 6.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.025). 2. In the age of onset, male' s maximum was 62.5, minimum was 0.25; female s maximum was 59.5, minimum was 0.2. Under 9 years old was the most with 34%(male 24%, female 10%), 10～19 years old was 18%, 20～29 years old was 22.5%, 30～39 years old was 13.50%, over 40 years old was 12%, The gulf between males and females were showed statistically significant difference.(p<0.014) 3. The average duration of the disease was 5.67 years. In male and female, the maximum was 30, the minimum was 0.05; under 5 years old was the most with 62%(male 34.50%, female 27.50%); 6～10 years old was 23%. So, under 10 years old was 85%. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of disease. 4. Regarding type of residence, 47.50% of patients with allergic rhinitis lived in apartments, 52.50% lived in houses. In males, 29.50% lived in apartments, 27.50% lived in houses. In females, 18% lived in apartments, 25% lived in houses. There was no statistically significant difference in the residence by T-test and chi-test. 5. In the distribution of season, spring is the most with 29.5% of patients, winter 28%, fall 25.5%, and summer 17%. But there was no statistically significant difference. 6. After observing 200 patients with allergic rhinitis, classifying main symptoms into 5 types, sneezing was the main symptom in 177cases(88.50%), nasal obstruction in 176cases(88%), rhinorrhea in 169cases(84.5%), post nasal discharge in 87cases(43.50%), and itching in I04cases(52%). The Cumulus ration is 98.50% and symptoms overlapped with an average 3.57±0.1 times but in an analysis of variance of these symptoms, the gulf between males and females was not recognized as statistically significant by T-test and ANOVA. 7. Patients whose families have allergic diseases account for 90 cases(45%) : 49cases(24.50%) male and 41cases(20.50%) female. There were 4 cases (71.11 %) whose families have allergic rhinitis, 9cases(10%) of asthma, and 7.78% with allergic dermatitis. There were 61 (67.80%) cases of patients whose parents have allergic diseases; cases wherein the patient s child had allergic diseases numbered 13 (14.45%); and cases with a sibling with allergic diseases totalled 16cases (17.80%). There was no statistically significant difference in allergic disease regarding sex, parents, or siblings by chi-test. 8. Blood type: For males, type A is the most common, with 37cases(18.5%), followed by type B with 32cases(16%), type O 28cases(l4%) and type AB 13cases(6.5%). For females, type B is the most common, with 30cases(15%), followed by type O with 23cases(l1.5%), type A with 18cases(9%) and type AB with 13cases(6.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in blood type by chi-test. 9. In the selection of prefered food, most patients prefer cool food, with 98 such cases(49%), tepid food in 54cases(27%) and warm food in 48cases(24%). These showed a statistically significant difference in the selection of prefered food between males and females by chi-test(p<0.009). 10. The state of Past History was classified into II types. chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is the most common with 11cases (18.64%), tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy is 8cases(l3.56%), sinusitis is 6cases(10.17%), nasal septum deviation is 4cases, nasal polyp is 2cases, others are 10cases(l6.95%). No statistically significant difference in past history between males and females was shown, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(p<0.002, P<0.0008). 11. Regarding complications, 37 patients (28.91%) had sinusitis: 22cases(17.19%) in male, 15cases(11.72%) in female. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was found in 15cases(11.72%). Others are under 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of complications between males and females, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(P<0.00l, P<0.007). 12. In the treatment, medication was used 1691 times, an average of 2.58 times. No.34 was used 370 times for 124 cases, an average of 2.98 times. No. 152 was used 318 times for 106 cases, an average of 3.00 times. No.151 was used 307 times for 97cases, an average of 3.16 times. No. 31 was used 117 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.55 times. No 25 was used 116 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.52 times. 13. In the duration of treatment, the most frequent is 1 week(69cases, 34.50%), the maximum is 20weeks, and the minimum is 1week. A treatment period of 2～3 weeks accounted for 32% of cases, a period of 4～5weeks accounted for 13.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference in the duration of treatment.(p<0.01). There was a statistical significance when the males were compared with total cases by ANOVA(P<0.03). 14. A comparison between before-treatment and after-treatment showed a statistically significant difference in treatment by T-test (p<0.01) and F-test (p<0.0058).