• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to improve utilization of substitute fly-ash in bedding material of animal waste treatments. The amount used of fly-ash used in a pigpen or beef stall was 50% lower than that of existing bedding material of animal waste treatments. From the results, substitution effect of fly-ash put over the floor of the stable became much better. Effects of processed fly ash as a spread straw decreased ammonia(NH3) and Hydrogensulfide (H2S) gas at beef stall, but there was no benefit of replacement terms. Effect of processed fly ash as a spread straw increased 4∼5 times replacement terms more than control NH3 and H2S gas was decreased. A lot of maggots and porasites were grown at sawdust pig farm, but fly ash inhibited to grow maggots and paraeters. In conclusion, as substituting fly-ash for 5% sawdust(DM basis) in making animal waste into a compost with fly ash, we can reduce the sawdust purchasing costs and produce the high quality of a compost, especially a pollutant as NH3 and H2S gas, etc. from the process of biodegradation, and as substituting fly-ash(1,540 won per ton ; can be extended the replacement period of spreading straw approximatively 4∼5 times) for sawdusts(111,000 won per ton) will increase a real income in livestock house.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.837-847
• /
• 2001

The main purposes of this study were to survey and assess the current situation surrounding solid waste generation in school foodservices, to identify and evaluate the measures(reduction and recycling programs) taken by the foodservices for waste disposal, and to suggest appropriate reform measures to improve the current status, especially in terms of environmental preservation. Questionnaires on solid waste management practices were mailed to 206 school foodservice dietitians in the Kyungbuk region : a 64.0%(N = 130) response rate was obtained. While there are food waste and packaging waste generated from the foodservice operations, about a third(34.1%) of the foodservice operations were responsible for the disposal of both the food wastes and packaging wastes. About 90% of school foodservice managers were responsible for managing solid wastes. The primary recycling methods of leftovers generated from the school food service operations were livestock feed(76.0%). About 60.0% of school foodservice managers conducted the food waste reduction program. The performance by the foodservice managers in reducing the food waste was not satisfactory in several fields, such as developing environmentally friendly menus or abiding by the standard recipe, etc. In addition, the government assistance system was not properly working in the food service management. In conclusion, we should focus on increasing the performance in reducing the food waste by the foodservice managers, strengthening and facilitating the government assistance system for the food waste management and to develop education methods and education materials for food waste management.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제96권3호
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2007

이태리 포플러와 현사시를 대상으로 야외에서 돈분침출수를 관수하고 광합성특성, 엽록소함량, 증산량, 세포내 이산화탄소농도, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase 효소의 활성을 조사, 분석하였다. 이태리 포플러의 경우 엽록소 함량, 광합성률, 증산률, 기공전도도, 엽육세포내 $CO_2$ 농도가 돈분침출수 처리구가 대조구에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 현사시의 엽록소 함량은 돈분처리구에서 대조구와 비슷하였지만 광합성률과 증산률, 기공전도도가 돈분침출수 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이로 미루어 이태리포플러를 돈분침출수가 유출되는 지역의 phytoremediation으로 활용하면 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate how to reuse the livestock waste and develop fly ash as a subsitution of sawdust which is used commonly to make compost. Fly ash and sawdust were mixed the ratio of 8 to 2, 7 to 3, 6, to 4, 5 to 5, 4 to 6. 3 to 7 and 2 to 8 after fermentation for 60 days the change of temperature, moisture, pH, organic matter, nitrogen content and C/N ratio were analyzed. The results are as follows; Temperature was reached to maximum (63.5$^{\circ}C$) more quickly in scraper type than in slurry type with adding large sawdust. When fly ash and sawdust were mixed same amount at scraper type and slurry type, moisture was 46.6~53.7% and maintained a good condition for fermentation. pH was showed the range of 7~10 as a mixture of fly ash. Organic matter contents were increased with increasing the added sawdust but did not show any tendency. Nitrogen content was also increased with increasing the amount of added sawdust but did not show any tendency. C/N ratio was increased to 20~60 with increasing the added sawdust, but when sawdust and fly ash were mixed 50:50, there was no significant during fermentation periods. In conclusion, supplementation of fly ash at the level of 50% of sawdust maintained a good condition for fermentation as a livestock waste composting.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.1100-1108
• /
• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) addition on ammonia (NH₃) emissions during the composting of dairy cattle manure under two aeration conditions. Methods: The composting tests were conducted using the laboratory-scale composting apparatuses (14 L of inner volume). Three composting treatments (Control, WCO1.5, and WCO3, with WCO added at 0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 3 wt% of manure, respectively) were performed in two composting tests: aeration rate during composting was changed from 0.55 to 0.45 L/min in Test 1, and fixed at 0.3 L/min in Test 2, respectively. The NH₃ emitted and nitrogen losses during the composting were analyzed, and the effect of the addition of WCO on NH₃ emissions were evaluated. Results: Both tests indicated that the composting mixture temperature increased while the weight and water content decreased with increasing WCO content of the composting mixtures. On the other hand, the NH₃ emissions and nitrogen loss trends observed during composting in Tests 1 and 2 were different from each other. In Test 1, NH₃ emissions and nitrogen losses during composting increased with increasing WCO contents of the composting samples. Conversely, in Test 2, they decreased as the WCO contents of the samples increased. Conclusion: The WCO addition showed different effect on NH₃ emissions during composting under two aeration conditions: the increase in WCO addition ratio increased the emissions under the higher aeration rate in Test 1, and it decreased the emissions under the lower aeration rate in Test 2. To obtain reduction of NH₃ emissions by adding WCO with the addition ratio ≤3 wt% of the manure, aeration should be considered.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.7-30
• /
• 1998

본 연구에서는 국내 유기성 폐기물의 발생 현황과 자원화 가능성을 산출, 평가하고 현재의 퇴비화 처리 및 이용을 조사한 후 앞으로의 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저, 유기성 폐기물의 대표격인 음식물찌꺼기는 정부의 꾸준한 감소노력으로 점차 발생량이 감소하고 재활용율도 '97년 9.6%까지 점차 증가하는 추세에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 재활용율은 아직 미진한 수준으로 더욱 더 향상시키는 것이 필요하며 적극적인 분리수거, 재활용 체계 구축이 꾸준히 진행되어야 하는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 '97년 전국 축산분뇨의 발생량은 126,339톤/일로서 '94년 발생량 112,750톤/일 보다 11.2%가 증가한 것으로 산출되었고, 전국 77개소의 하수종말처리장에서 발생되는 하수처리슬러지는 '96년도에 하수처리량의 0.03%에 달하는 하루 3,500톤 정도가 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. 사업장 일반 유기성 폐기물과 별도의 관리를 필요로 하는 사업장 지정 폐기물 중 유기물류 등 '96년도 전체 유기성 산업폐기물의 잠재에너지함량은 연간 288만TOE로 산출되었으며 이는 '96년 우리나라 1차에너지 총소비량 1억6천5백만TOE (통상산업부, 1997)의 1.75%에 달하는 것으로 평가되었다. 이중 폐수처리 오니는 재활용율이 31%대에 그치고 상대적으로 매립처리의 비율이 높은 상태로서 발생량이 큰 것을 감안할 때 향후 보다 더 재활용에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 퇴비화 원료는 주로 축산폐기물, 인분, 식품가공 부산물, 어박류, 부엽토, 톱밥 등이었으며, 최근에 이르러 비로소 음식물쓰레기, 오니류의 퇴비화가 시도되고 있었다. 퇴비생산량은 '96년 4월 현재 288개 생산업체에서 약 42만톤 정도를 생산하고 있었으며, 농업용으로의 사용이 가장 많았고 그 외 산림용이나 조경용으로의 사용은 매우 제한되어 있었다. 결론적으로, 퇴비 이용의 활성화를 위해 퇴비제품 규격의 표준화, 퇴비분석 및 품질관리 방법의 확립, 분리수거 및 퇴비화를 통한 품질 개선 등이 필요한 것으로 사료되었다. 특히 도시 산업 유기성 폐기물 퇴비의 사용 증대를 위해 확실한 부숙퇴비의 생산과 함께 중금속 등 유해물질을 줄이는 것이 퇴비 생산량의 증가 못지 않게 중요하다 판단되었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 2023

In this study, we propose a technique to automatically generate transfer documents using sensor data from livestock manure transfer systems. The research involves analyzing sensor data and applying machine learning techniques to derive optimized outcomes for livestock manure transfer documents. By comparing and contrasting with existing documents, we present a method for automatic document generation. Specifically, we propose the utilization of Gradient Boosting, a machine learning algorithm. The objective of this research is to enhance the efficiency of livestock manure and liquid byproduct management. Currently, stakeholders including producers, transporters, and processors manually input data into the livestock manure transfer management system during the disposal of manure and liquid byproducts. This manual process consumes additional labor, leads to data inconsistency, and complicates the management of distribution and treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to leverage data to automatically generate transfer documents, thereby increasing the efficiency of livestock manure and liquid byproduct management. By utilizing sensor data from livestock manure and liquid byproduct transport vehicles and employing machine learning algorithms, we establish a system that automates the validation of transfer documents, reducing the burden on producers, transporters, and processors. This efficient management system is anticipated to create a transparent environment for the distribution and treatment of livestock manure and liquid byproducts.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 폐기물의 재활용 측면에서 폐굴껍질을 이용하여 축산폐수에 함유되어 있는 $PO_4^{3-}-P$의 제거특성을 검토해본 결가, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 입경이 작을수록 흡착속도가 빠르게 진행되어 흡착평형에 도달하는 시간이 빠른 것을 알 수 있다. 주입량과 수온이 증가할수록 평형상태에 도달하는데 다소 더 긴시간을 요하는 것을 알 수 있다. 반응초기 낮은 pH에서는 흡착현상에 지배적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 추정되지만, 시간이 경과함에 따라 pH상승과 더불어 정석반응이 우세하게 진행되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 등온흡착식을 적용해본 결과에서도, 폐굴껍질은 $PO_4^{3-}-P$의 제거는 흡착현상 보다는 오히려 정석반응에 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 여겨진다. SEM 관측결과에 의하면 폐굴껍질 표면에서 뚜렷한 변화는 거의 볼 수 없으나 반응전에 비하여 폐굴껍질의 입경이 비교적 크고 조그만 판상의 형태를 간헐적으로 보이고 있다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 2000

The method to estimate agricultural organic matter flow on the regional scale was established and applied to a rural area in Chongwon-gun, Chungbok in 1996. The study area is of about 67$\textrm{km}^2$ and its population is about 7,000. The stocks and flows of organic matter are represented in dry weight per unit area and dry weight per unit area per year, respectively. the amount of inflow of organic matter indicates a possibility to cause environmental pollution. the amount of animal waste 767 kg/ha/yr account for 42 percent of total amount of organic waste 1,834 kg/ha/yr and therefore the environment in study area is greatly influenced by livestock. The decrease in recycling rate of animal waste form 100% to 70% has greatly increased the amount of disposal waste nearly twice, i.e., from 267 kg/ha/yr to 497kg/ha/yr . The results of this study demonstrate that appropriate animal population, increase in recycling of animal waste and preservation of agricultural land are necessary for environmental conservation of the study area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.278-282
• /
• 2004

Compost is used mainly as an organic fertilizer, but it is also used as bedding material for cattle. Dairy cattle have been identified as a main reservoir of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Further, E. coli is regarded as an environmental pathogen that causes bovine clinical mastitis. Hence, its growth in compost spread or compost bedding should be avoided. Physical and chemical conditions, available nutrients and microflora in compost change greatly during the composting process. Since pathogen growth in compost seems to be related to these changes, we assessed the possibility of E. coli growth in compost samples collected at 0, 7, 13, 22, 41, 190 and 360 d. Cattle waste composts with and without added tofu residue were collected from static piles and immediately air-dried. Compost samples were inoculated with a pure culture of E. coli, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and the samples were incubated for 5 d at $30^{\circ}C$. The numbers of E. coli in compost before and after incubation were determined by direct plating on Chromocult coliform agar. Almost all compost samples supported E. coli growth. Samples collected during or immediately after the thermophilic phase (day 7) showed the highest growth. Growth in samples more than 13 d old were not significantly different from those of aged compost samples. The addition of tofu residue gave a higher growth than its absence in younger samples collected prior to 13 d. To minimize the risk of environmental mastitis, the use of compost in the initial stage of the process is better avoided.