• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1995

In order to investigate the purification effects of livestock waste water, Modified Activated-Sludge Process(MASP) containing marine silica and volcanic ash-rock as the contact media and Sawdust-Soil Filter Method were used. The results obtained are as follows: 1. MASP which treated two metric tons' livestock waste water a day decreased BOD by 97.5% from 4,400.0mg/I to 108.8mg/I and SS by 98.0% from 5,335.0mg/I to 111.0mg/I. 2. MASP decreased BOD by 93.9% from 2,549.1mg/I to 156.6mg/I and SS by 96.3% from 3,521.9mg/I to 132.0mg/I when ten metric ton's livestock waste water was treated a day. 3. BOD and SS were decreased by 83.4% from 45.1mg/I to 7.5mg/I and by 83.4% from 47.5mg/I to 7.9mg/I when the supernatant layer treated by MASP was purified by Sawdust-Soil Filter Method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2017

Treatment of food waste is becoming a big issue due to their significant quantities. Composting could be an effective alternative for food waste management which could be used as soil conditioner or fertilizer with little concerns about heavy metals and pathogens. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of food waste on Chinese cabbage growth and soil properties. 9 different treatments (two livestock manures, two food wastes, two livestock manures + chemical fertilizer, two food wastes + chemical fertilizer, and control) were applied to Chinese cabbage. All treatments were carried out in 3 replicates. We measured leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf greenness of Chinese cabbage. Treatment of one of food waste composts significantly increased leaf length and leaf width of Chinese cabbage by 28.6, 26.6, 67.7, and 59.9%, respectively, in comparison to those of control, while no significant differences for leaf greenness were shown. Application of food waste compost resulted in significant increase of EC, available $P_2O_5$, CEC, organic matter, and exchangeable cations. However, further researches are needed to reduce NaCl content of food waste.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Biomass has been used for energy sources from the prehistoric age. Biomass are converted into solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and are used for heating, electricity generation or for transportation recently. Solid biofuels such as bio-chips or bio-pellet are used for heating or electricity generation. Liquid biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol from sugars or lignocellulosics are well known renewable transportation fuels. biogas produced from organic waste are also used for heating, generation and vehicles. Biomass resources for the production of above mentioned biofuels are classified under following 4 categories, such as forest biomass, agricultural residue biomass, livestock manure and municipal organic wastes. The energy potential of those biomass resources existing in Korea are estimated. The energy potential for dry biomass (forest, agricultural, municipal waste) were estimated from their heating value contained, whereas energy potential of wet biomass (livestock manure, food waste, waste sludge) is calculated from the biological methane potential of them on annual basis. Biomass resources potential of those 4 categories in Korea are estimated to be as follows. Forest biomass 355.602 million TOE, agricultural biomass 4.019 million TOE, livestock manure biomass 1.455 million TOE, and municipal organic waste 1.074 million TOE are available for biofuels production annually.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

We studied the influence of livestock waste leachate on oxidative damage and antioxidative responses in poplar clones in August which increase the demand of antioxidants because of high temperature and high light during this period. We measured ion leakage, antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, GR), and carotenoid contents. Oxidative damage and antioxidative responses by treated livestock waste leachate in poplar clones showed various results. We divided poplar clones into three groups using the criteria based on ion leakage which represent cell damage induced oxidative stress. Eco 28, 62-10, Bonghwa1 and Dorskamp belonged to the first group in which the cell damaged level was lower than that of the control. The results suggest that this group augmented for demand of antioxidative in summer because high concentration of nitrogen induced by treatment of live stock wastes acted as environmental stress. Consequently, they failed to keep up the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. The second group in which the cell damaged level was similar to that of the control was Suwon, 72-30 and 72-31 clones. Finally, 97-18 clone belonged to the third group in which the cell damaged level was lower than that of the control group. In this case, nitrogen treated by livestock waste leakage decreased oxidative stress. 97-18 clone was the clones with the least damage in summer oxidative stresses treated by livestock waste leakage. These results suggest that the high concentration nitrogen due to the livestock waste leakage can act differently upon the clones. We speculate that the added oxidation damage in the summer (growing season) may have an effect on the total fresh weight and also influence the purification ability for livestock waste leakage. However, further studies are needed for the confirmation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.597-603
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• 1999

Even though the development of livestock industry in Asia and Australasia has brought the economic growth and thus elevated the living standard in these areas, it has also brought the pollution caused by the increasing amount of animal wastes. Among them, Japan probably is the first country that suffered from the animal waste pollution as early as in 1970s. Nowadays, the animal waste pollution has been a common problem for almost every countries in this region. To solve it, different measures and regulations have been implemented in many countries. In this paper, different methods for animal waste disposal are discussed, including: manure-bed animal housing, composting, anaerobic treatment, odor control, utilization of biogas, aerobic treatment, three-step process, N and P removal, land application, cultivation of algae, anaerobic treatment of dead animals. It is hoped that an animal industry without pollution can be achieved in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ contained in livestock wastewater using waste concrete. With small particle size, increased dosage and temperature of water, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ was well removed by waste concrete.$PO_4^{3-}-P$ was removed by adsorption reaction in low pH of the primary phase, but the crystallization reaction predominated for increasing pH with passed time. As a result of adapting the adsorption isotherm equation, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ removal was more affected by the crystallization reaction than the adsorption reaction. In the SEM micrograph, there was no evident change on the waste concreter surface. Particle size was plate-phase before reaction but appeared a dense form to progress in the crystallization reaction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of reuse fermented foodwaste as a bulking agent in livestock waste and foodwaste composting. Aerobic composting device was added to the following sample : Foodwaste + Sawdust, Livestock feces+Sawdust, Foodwaste + Ferment, Livestock feces + Ferment. Temperature, pH, OM/N ratio, moisture, heavy metals, and microbes were measured in process of aerobic composting. The results of this study are following. 1. The composting period is determined in 16~24days, according to the change of temperature and OM/N ratio. 2. The salinity contents in compost of livestock waste and foodwaste ferment is about 0.5%, which can be solved the problems of salinity contents in foodwaste composting. 3. The proper ratio of livestock waste composting is 40% of cow feces to 60% of foodwaste ferment. 4. Processing expense of aerobic composting of foodwaste and sawdust is 40 won/kg composting expense of foodwaste and ferment is 30 won/kg. Fermented product composting can cut down the expense of bulking agent than others.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.724-730
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to produce Aminotosan$^{(R)}$ fertilizer using optimized chitosan coagulant from waste livestock blood. Amino-acid fertilizer was produced by pretreated livestock blood. Chitosan coagulant was aggregated with amino-acid fertilizer to produce Aminotosan$^{(R)}$. Optimized coagulation conditions were set using chitosan coagulant such as 10% citric acid and 500 ppm chitosan coagulant by analysis of CST and TTF. The efficiency of coagulation by chitosan coagulant under the optimal conditions was better than chemical coagulants. After solid/liquid separation for coagulated amino-acid fertilizer, Aminotosan$^{(R)}$ fertilizer which added eco-friendly and aesthetic functions was produced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1728-1736
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• 2006

The effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) waste silage and supplemental polyethylene glycol (PEG) on rumen fermentation and blood components were studied in cattle. Six Holstein steers were fed three diets in a 3${\times}$3 Latin square design, replicated twice. One diet was a control with no added silage, and the other two diets were supplemented (20% of the dry matter) with green tea waste silage either with (PEG) or without PEG (tea). Most of the fermentation parameters including major volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not affected by the diet treatments. The concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the PEG group and urea nitrogen in the tea and PEG groups were greater than those in the control before morning feeding. The plasma 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent concentration was not different before morning feeding, but 3 h after morning feeding, its concentrations in both the tea and PEG groups were higher than in the control. Although the concentration of plasma vitamin A in the animals was not affected by feeding green tea waste silage, the concentrations of plasma vitamin E were significantly higher in the tea and PEG groups than in the control, both before and 3 h after morning feeding. The results from the present study suggest that feeding diets containing 20% of the dietary dry matter as green tea waste silage to Holstein steers has no negative impact on their ruminal fermentation, and increases their plasma antioxidative activity and concentration of vitamin E.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-355
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• 2005

Nutrient balance is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. Phosphorus surplus in nutrient balance was more serious than that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded twice the requirement at 30 cities/counties and 32 among 165, respectively. Given livestock waste and optimal nutrient balance, the proper number of animal feeding was 1.68LU/ha. Considering livestock waste only, the optimal number of livestock feeding was 3,918,000LU (heads) and, including fertilizer that would be 2,288,000LU. It is recommended to introduce the regional control system to regulate nutrient input and output, and the trading system of livestock feeding rights to control that.