• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.198-198
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• 2004

The identification of embryo-specific genes would provide insights into early embryonic development. However, the current methods employed to identify the genes that are expressed at a specific developmental stage are labor intensive and suffer from high rates of false positives. Here we employed a new and accurate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology that involves annealing control primers(ACPs) to identify the genes that are specifically expressed in porcine blastocysts compared to 2-cell stage embryos. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-335
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• 2018

The annual total phosphorus load caused by public wastewater, nightsoil and livestock manure treatment facilities in Korea has been examined macroscopically. Annual domestic average phosphorus (P) inflows through the income of phosphate rock for the last five years (2012 - 2016) were analyzed as 76,598 tons/year. As of the year 2015, the total loadings of phosphorus attributed to public wastewater treatment facilities, nightsoil treatment facilities and livestock wastewater were estimated as 30,269 tons/year, 1,909 tons/year and 18,138 tons/year, respectively. Considering the amount of phosphorus imports, the annual phosphorus load from wastewater, livestock wastewater and excretions is equivalent to 39.5%, 23.7%, 2.5% and totally 65.7%(39.5% + 23.7% + 2.5%). Therefore, the introduction of phosphorus recovery and recycling processes for the public wastewater and livestock manure treatment facilities has been found to be effective because it could reduce the import amount of phosphate rock by up to 60% or more.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Litters such as sawdust and rice hulls are used to manage the waste excrements of Hanwoo(Korean Native Cattle). This experiment was conducted to investigate the adequate depth of bedding materials, and the effective substitutive rate of rice hulls and the recycled-dried sawdust mixed with cattle waste for sawdust from 1993 to 1994. The results were as follows; 1. The most adequate bedding depth of sawdust was 4cm and it was able to be utilized for 38 days. The cost of required sawdust was lower in order of 5, 15, 20 and 10cm in depth of bedding sawdust. 2. Rice hulls was able to be fully substituted for sawdust, but 50% substitution the most effective. 3. Recycled-dried sawdust mixed with cattle waste could be substituted less than 25% for sawdust.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

Today, a desirable way to manage livestock manure is to activate its utilization as a resource. The production of high quality liquid fertilizer of livestock manure is very important because it increases the use of various liquid fertilizer. However, the result of mature evaluation with a maturity measuring instrument for liquid fertilizer showed that the deviation of concentration between liquid fertilizer did not bring into uniformity. The result is also making sure that quality management for liquid fertilizer is not smoothly made. Quality evaluation for compost and liquid fertilizer includes physical, biological, chemical and microbiological methods, but a chemical method is mainly being implemented due to fairness and field application. Therefore, this study figured out correlation in feces and urine through regression analysis of livestock manure and tried to create a research plan to carry out efficient quality analysis of managing livestock manure.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

This research was conducted to examine the temporal methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission trends in livestock agriculture from year 1990 to 2011 with Tier 1 national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reporting method, which was related to efforts of decreasing GHG emissions and to achievement of voluntary GHG mitigation target. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation were calculated with default $CH_4$ emission factors of IPCC. Methane and $N_2O$ emissions from manure treatment processes were calculated with Tier 1 and mixture of Tier 1 and Tier 2 including $N_2O$ emission factors of manure treatment systems and nitrogen excretion rate of livestock, respectively. According to 2013 National GHG Inventory Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification report, GHG emission fluctuations from enteric fermentation and manure treatment processes were similarto livestock head fluctuation. GHG emissions from enteric fermentation were mainly affected by beef cattle including Hanwoo, while manure treatment processes were affected by various livestock.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2024

The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

Innovation and change are occurring rapidly in the agriculture and livestock industry, and new technologies such as smart bams are being introduced, and data that can be used to control equipment is being collected by utilizing various sensors. However, there are various challenges in the operation of bams, and virtual sensor technology is needed to solve these challenges. In this paper, we define various data items and sensor data types used in livestock farms, study cases that utilize virtual sensors in other fields, and implement and design a virtual sensor system for the final smart livestock farm. MBE and EVRMSE were used to evaluate the finalized system and analyze performance indicators. As a result of collecting and managing data using virtual sensors, there was no obvious difference in data values from physical sensors, showing satisfactory results. By utilizing the virtual sensor system in smart livestock farms, innovation and efficiency improvement can be expected in various areas such as livestock operation and livestock health status monitoring. This paper proposes an innovative method of data collection and management by utilizing virtual sensor technology in the field of smart livestock, and has obtained important results in verifying its performance. As a future research task, we would like to explore the connection of digital livestock using virtual sensors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1996

Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO$_3$-N, NO$_2$-N, NH$_3$-N, and phosphorus compound H$_x$PO$_4$, DO, BOD$_5$, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD$_5$ at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2005

Total number of 237 Hanwoos were purchased from the nationwide fanns based on the different market weights and sex. After slaughtering, they were evaluated to estimate the productivity of carcass components by the sex and market weight, and to predict the beef carcass yield grade equation. The main results in this study were summarized as follows; With respect to carcass characteristics, the yield percentages were different(P < 0.01) among sex groups, but were not different among market weight groups. Sex or market weights showed significant effects on the carcass yield grade(YG) factors(BFT, RA, carcass weight(CW). The YG equation from this study could be expressed as a multiple regression y = 64.74 - 0.0198 ${\times}$ CW(kg) - 5.226 $\time$ BFT(cm)+0.1339 $\time$ RA($cm^2$ $R^2$ = 0.52 Among the YG factors, the BFT was the highest contributor to the YG equation. Compared the previous equation reported in 1992 with the equation from this study, the bias values between predicted value and the actual cutability were 9.17 and 2.39, respectively. In conclusion, the equation estimated from this study was more accurate in predicting the cutability than that from the previous equation reported in 1992.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.277-282
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium in mushroom cultured media (MCM) on beef quality. Each five of 20 Hanwoo steers(20 - 24 month, approximately 613 kg) were assigned to four levels of the selenium content(O.l, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 dry matter based ppm), and the feeding treatments were enforced for 12 weeks. The results showed that m. longissimus from the 0.1 ppm feeding supplementation had greatly higher intramuscular fat content than other treatments(13.1 %). In meat color, the 0.1 ppm treatment showed the lowest lightness(CIE $L^*$)(P< 0.05) and had a tendency to have lower redness(CIE $a^*$). The treatment had no noticeable effect on moisture, protein, and ash content, cooking loss, water-holding capacity and purge loss. The 0.3 ppm treatment resulted in the toughest meat(assessed by WB-shear force) with 4.54 kg / inch', while other groups showed a similar toughness ranging from 3.3 to 3.7 kg/ inchl . Sensory characteristics in juiciness and flavor intensity had a tendency of increasing as organic selenium concentration increased, but tenderness was not influenced by the contents. The result indicated that the organic selenium feeding affects meat qualities to different extent, and further study is required to examine anti-oxidant effect of selenium in vivo.