• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.947-980
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• 2012

본고는 농업부문 및 국가경제에 대한 기후변화의 장기적 영향을 분석한다. 우선 작물 시뮬레이션 및 준모수적 분석법 등을 이용하여 쌀, 낙농 및 축산업에 대한 기후변화의 생산성 영향을 예측하고, 다음으로 축차적 동태 CGE모형을 이용하여 예측된 생산성 영향으로 유발되는 경제적 영향을 평가한다. 분석결과 우선 기후변화의 생산성 영향에서, 낙농 및 축산업의 경우 지속적으로 생산성이 하락하는 것으로 예측되었고, 쌀의 경우, 작물 시뮬레이션 적용 시 생산성 하락이, 준모수적 분석법을 적용 시 생산성이 상승한 후 다시 하락하는 것으로 예측되었다. 다음으로 쌀의 두 가지 예측결과를 기준으로 두 가지 시나리오를 설정하고 축차적 동태 CGE모형에 반영하여 경제적 영향을 평가한 결과, 2050년 연간 GDP 예상손실률이 시나리오에 따라 각각 0.2%, 0.02%로 나타났으며, 세부부문별로는 농업생산부문과 식품가공업, 농업용 투입재 산업, 그리고 몇몇 유통관련 산업에서 경제적 효과가 크게 나타났다. 그리고 대부분의 선행연구에서 간과되던 낙농 및 축산업 부문의 경제에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 위 결과는 쌀부문 외 다른 농업생산부문에서의 기후변화 효과분석이 필요함을 제시한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

Analysis and evaluation of uncertainty is adopting the advanced methodology among the methods for greenhouse gas emission assessment that was defined in GPS2000 (Good practice guideline 2000) and GPG-LULUCF (GPG Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry). In 2006 IPCC guideline, two approaches are suggested to explain the uncertainty for each section with a national net emission and a prediction value on uncertainty as follows; 1) Spread sheet calculation based on the error propagation algorithm that was simplified with some assumptions, and 2) Monte carlo simulation that can be utilized in general purposes. There are few researches on the agricultural field including greenhouse gas emission that is generated from livestock and cultivation lands due to lack of information for statistic data, emission coefficient, and complicated emission formula. The main objective of this study is to suggest an evaluation method for the uncertainty of greenhouse gas emission in agricultural field by means of intercomparison of the prediction value on uncertainties which were estimated by spread sheet calculation and monte carlo simulation. A statistic analysis for probability density function for uncertainty of emission rate was carried out by targeting livestock intestinal fermentation, excrements treatment, and direct/indirect emission from agricultural lands and rice cultivation. It was suggested to minimize uncertainty by means of extraction of emission coefficient according to each targeting section.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Agricultural research and development (R&D) investment has contributed not only to agriculture but also to the overall economic growth of the country. The recent arrival of the fourth industrial revolution has raised the need for agricultural R&D as a preparation. Agriculture R&D is directly related to the fourth industrial revolution in the agricultural and livestock sectors that utilize big data, robots, artificial intelligence and cloud. Meanwhile, subsidies or grants are considered the most widely used means of policy. Therefore, in light of the current situation in which Chinese agriculture values R&D investment, this study attempted to analyze the dynamic relationship between variables by establishing a model of agricultural environment subsidy representing the role of government, agricultural technology progress representing existing agricultural R&D investment, agricultural income representing agricultural development and total agricultural output. The analysis results showed that each variable's reaction to the rise in China's agricultural R&D investment has a positive effect on agricultural development, in line with the theory that the investment in science and technology in the agricultural sector has a positive effect. In addition, the response of each variable to China's rising agricultural environment subsidy is shown to have a positive relationship, which can also be said to be in line with the theory that the government's market-friendly intervention is beneficial to economic development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8_spc호
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• pp.1266-1274
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• 2019

This paper presents a review of dairy goat production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2010- 2017, its current state, constraints and prospects for research and development. Since the introduction of dairy goats in SSA in pre-colonial times, their populations have continued to increase due to declining land size as a result of land fragmentation and increasing demand for goat milk. The current goat population in SSA is 372,716,040 head of which only 15.98% used for milk production. Populations in the Eastern and Western regions of SSA have shown an increasing trend from 2010 to 2017. The Southern Africa goat population is on the decline at an annual rate of about 1.77% whereas Central Africa has had a constant goat population within the same period. Eastern Africa reported the highest increase in the population of goats used for milk production. Milk production was highest in Eastern Africa and lowest in Southern Africa. However, dairy goat productivity remained constant in the Eastern region throughout the review period. Dairy goats are mainly raised under smallholder mixed crop-livestock systems. To enhance the development of the dairy goat, concerted efforts should be made to alleviate the constraints that stifle its growth. These constraints can be categorized into nutrition and feeding, breeding and reproduction, diseases, parasites, climate change, and underdeveloped dairy goat products market. Effective management of dairy goats requires a holistic approach and there is the need to expand the markets by further sensitization on the nutritional and medicinal advantages of dairy goat products. In order to achieve rapid development in the dairy goat sub sector, research and development initiatives should be directed towards alleviating the hurdles in nutrition and feeding, breeding, animal health and resilience as well as dairy goat markets.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.762-774
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• 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in a considerable influence on the world economy. Being a big sector of the economy, the food supply chain struggled. The meat supply chain was most notably affected as every part of the supply chain from farm to shelf was closely inter-related. With the closure of businesses and restaurants the demand for at home food from grocery stores increased. Meat production facilities were impacted when the virus spread to the workers causing facilities to close or line speeds to slow. The combination of these two issues, in turn, led to there being less meat on the shelves. With less meat animals being harvested, there was less demand for livestock leading to farmers having an excess in slaughter ready animals. The decreased demand for livestock led to economic issues as money was lost in multiple sections of the supply chain. Aside from the economy and supply chain issues, other issues include concerns over the safety of meat products due to decreased safety protocols to increase line speed. Additionally, concerns of animal welfare with the excess of animals being culled were raised due to decreased capacity in processing facilities. While this review paper mainly focuses on characterizing the impact of COVID 19 on the meat supply chain in the USA, the compiled information should be able to provide practical insights to the meat/food industry across the globe to develop potential mitigating strategies against the COVID 19 and/or any similar pandemic incidences in the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.214-230
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• 2022

Loss and damage have become a vital contemporary issue in climate change studies and actions in developing countries. However, studies are scant on this in the fisheries sector around the world. In Bangladesh, there is no study on the loss and damage in fisheries dependent communities. This study assesses economic and non-economic loss and damage to coastal shrimp farms due to cyclone Bulbul in Gabura Union of Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district, using a mixed method approach. Results show that all shrimp farms' dependent communities are affected by cyclone Bulbul to some extent. About 14%, 57%, and 29% of the farms were totally, heavily and moderately damaged due to farm inundation and dyke damage. The estimated mean loss and damage per shrimp farm was worth USD 4,633. Around 31% and 72% of the farms' fencing nets and traps were lost, which was worth USD 333 per farm. There were also loss and damage to other resources such as houses, solar panels, livestock and agricultural crops where the estimated mean loss and damage per household was worth USD 3,170. This study reported that the rich shrimp farmers encountered proportionately more economic loss and damage than their poor counterparts. However, this does not mean that the poor suffered less. The current study found a range of non-economic loss and damage in different aspects of the shrimp farmers' household members such as unbearable mental pain, deterioration of health, physical injuries, disabilities, etc. and access to services (e.g., inadequate food, lack of safe drinking water, lack of medical facilities, disruption of education systems), social infrastructure (e.g., damage of roads and markets) and disturbance of cultural functions. The findings suggest that urgent short- and long-term actions may be taken to save the aquaculture farms and dependent livelihoods from economic and non-economic loss and damage to cyclones in future.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.12
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• 2023

Antimicrobial (AM) resistance is a growing threat in human and veterinary medicine, spreading across species and perceived as One-Health issue. Prudent use of AM products is essential in mitigating this risk in both human and veterinary medicine. Farm veterinarians, responsible for prescribing appropriate AM and offering advice to farmers on their proper usage, are regarded as key players in the livestock industry. An online survey of farm veterinarians (n = 1,531) was conducted to assess their educational experience, beliefs, current status of prescription, practical behavior, and self-efficacy regarding the prudent use of antimicrobials (PUA). The data from 170 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression and mediation analysis. Participants chose AM based on their experiences, academic resources, and peer veterinarians. Approximately 77% did not routinely conduct antibiotic-susceptibility-test. Most participants believed in the importance of PUA and the role of veterinarians to reduce AM resistance, but they reported a lack of awareness among farmers and insufficient national support interfere with their practical behavior with regard to PUA. Half of the participants had PUA-education, and 78.6% reported that education had a positive impact on their behavior with PUA. Self-efficacy partly mediates the relationship between belief and behavior for PUA, which accounted for 23.77% of the total effect that beliefs have on behavior for PUA. The findings of the study show that enhancing veterinarians' abilities to practice and their self-efficacy through education tailored to the current status of farms can contribute to the reduction of AMs in the livestock sector.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2020

Ultrafine dust causes asthma and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases when inhaled. Ammonia (NH3) plays a big role in ultrafine dust formation in the atmosphere by reacting with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) emitted from various sources. The agricultural sector is the single largest contributor of NH3, with the vast majority of emissions ensuing from fertilizers and livestock sector. Interest in using biochar to attenuate these NH3 emissions has grown. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using rice hull biochar pyrolyzed at three different temperatures of 250℃ (BP 4.6, biochar pH 4.6), 350℃ (BP 6.8), and 450℃ (BP 10.3) on the emission of ammonia from soil fertilized with urea. The emissions of NH3 initially increased as the experiment progressed but decreased after peaking at the 84th hour. The amount of emitted NH3 was lower in soil with biochar amendments than in that without biochar. Emissions amongst biochar-amended soils were lowest for the BP 6.8 treatment, followed in an ascending order by BP 10.3 and BP 4.6. Since BP 6.8 biochar with neutral pH resulted in the lowest amount of NH3 emitted, it can be concluded that biochar's pH has an effect on the emissions of NH3. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that biochar can abate NH3 emissions and that a neutral pH biochar is more effective at reducing gaseous emissions than either alkaline or acidic biochar.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2008

트리티케일은 호밀과 밀의 교잡에 의한 작물로서, 방글라데시에서 조사료 및 곡물로 재배가능하나 농가재배는 아직 시범단계에 있는 상태이다. 본 논문은 방글라데시농업에 있어서 비전통적인 작물로서 트리티케일의 재배 현황을 검토하고 최근 몇 년간의 시험연구 자료에 의거하여 트리티케일이 축산조사료와 곡물사료로 사용됨에 따르는 경제성을 비교하였다. 트리티케일과 밀 옥수수 재배의 수익성을 비교한 결과 트리티케일이 가장 높고 다음은 옥수수, 밀의 순으로 나타났다. 트리티케일의 재배대안별 수익성은 파종후 2회(파종후 35일째와 50일째 절단) 조사료로 절단 재배(4.9~20.2 t/ha)하고 이어서 곡물(1.1~2.4 t/ha)로서 재배하는 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이때 B/C ratio는 1.62로 나타나서 경제성이 있다는 것을 입증했다. 한편 시범농가재배결과에 의하면 트리티케일을 젖소의 조사료로서 사용한 경우가 볏짚을 사용한 경우보다 젖소의 우유생산량과 젖소의 체중을 36~46% 포인트 증가시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 아울러 트리티케일은 방글라데시 양계사육에 있어서 밀을 대체할 수 있는 좋은 곡물사료로 나타났다. 시험연구결과와 시범농가재배결과에 의하면 트리티케일을 조사료와 동시에 곡물로 이중목적으로 재배하는 것이 방글라데시 축산업에서 만성화 되어있는 조사료부족(특히 건기)현상을 경감할 뿐 아니라 소규모 방글라데시 농가의 소득에도 기여할 수 있는 잠재성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2018

현재 전 세계적으로 기후변화가 농업에 미치는 영향도가 점차 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 기후변화가 축산 생산성 변화에 미치는 영향 정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 기후변화 요소들 중 가장 큰 영향력을 지닌 변수들을 선행연구와 전문가 조사를 통해 알아보았다. 그리고 현재 축산농가들의 실질적 생산성 자료를 이용하여 기후변화와의 관계성에 대해 알아보았다. 가축 등 농업 생산성 변화에 관한 기후 평가를 위해 국내에서 축종별(한우(거세우), 낙농, 양돈, 산란계, 육계) 등의 전국 대표 자료들을 조사하였다. 또한 평가지표를 선정하고 분류하기 위하여 선행연구로서 기후변화 요인 변수선정 연구, 기후변화 요인 변수의 가중치 계산연구 등을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 축산부문에 있어서 산학연 및 농민 등이 전문가(한우17, 낙농15, 양돈36, 산란계16, 육계15명)를 활용하여 기후변화 취약성 평가지표에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 후 계층분석과정(AHP)을 이용하여 선정된 평가지표의 가중치를 산정하였다. 축산 생산성에 기후변화가 미치는 영향력 평가 AHP 분석 종합결과 사양관리기술, 시설, 기후 순으로 중요도가 나타났다. 이것은 시설, 기후에 대한 통제부분을 현재 축산분야에 있어서는 어느 정도 평균수준 이상으로 경영되고 있기 때문으로 판단해 볼 수 있으며, 본 연구가 기후변화에 대한 영향도 연구이므로 기후요인만을 살펴볼 경우에 축산 생산성 관련 중요 기후요인은 모든 축종에서 최고기온, 고온일수 및 일교온도차로 조사되었고, 축종 별로 기후요인의 우선순위에는 차이가 있었다. 모든 축종에서 고온일수가 가장 영향력이 큰 요인으로 조사되었으며, 2순위로 최고기온과 일교차가 있었다. 2순위 최고기온은 거세우, 낙농, 양돈에서 영향력이 더 컸으며, 일교차는 산란계와 육계에서 더 중요한 요인으로 평가되었다. 이에 평가지표의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 국내 기후, 강수량 및 일조시간의 변화를 조사하여 축산부문에서의 각 축종별 생산성에 영향을 주는지에 대해 조사된 축산분야 농가들의 생산성 데이터를 통해 관계성을 알아보았다. 관계성을 알아보기 위해 축종별 생산성을 대표할 수 있는 주요 생산지표(사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 사료비, 도체중, 육질, 유생산량, 유지율, MSY, 육성율, 산란율 등)들과 선행연구들을 통해 결정된 기후변화 변수(기상청의 지역별·월별자료)들 간의 상관관계 및 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구결과 기후변화요인들이 축산 생산성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 도출, 관계성이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기후변화는 현재도 진행 중으로 지구온난화는 고온일수 빈도를 높이고 있으며 이것은 단순한 기온 상승이 아닌 재해형태의 영향력 및 빈도의 심각성도 내포하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 축산환경에 있어 이러한 기후변화에 대응하는 적극적인 환경관리 및 제어기술을 사전에 확보할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 향후 축산 생산성 연구에 있어서 기후변화 요인들을 제어할 수 있는 사육환경과 사양시스템에 포커스를 맞추어 이와 관련된 세분화된 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 국내의 경우 기후변화 조사 및 연구에 있어 보다 민감도를 높여 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이다.