• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

The stress tolerance ability of Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. Et Thur. and Fucus spiralis L. to temporary and periodic emersion stress was examined in order to test the following hypotheses: The upper shore alga, P. canaliculata is more tolerant to desiccation than F. spiralis in the germling stage and the former outgrows the latter under desiccation stress; Germling stress tolerance of the two species is age-specific; Crowding of germlings protects them from desiccation, irrespective of the species involved. Germling growth of the two species was retarded with increasing exposure period and was age-specific, as they were air-exposed at an earlier stage. After 16 days, the length of Pelvetia germlings was similar between 2-day-old germlings (125-140 ${\mu}m$) and 7-day-old germlings (134-140 ${\mu}m$), which were air-exposed during the same period (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) at the two different ages. However, Fucus germlings were significantly larger at 7-day-old germlings (211-277 ${\mu}m$) than at 2-day-old germlings (184-278 ${\mu}m$), especially in the treatments of 48 and 72 h. These results indicate that Fuscus grow faster than Pelvetia and that the growth response of germlings to temporary emersion stress is more sensitive in Fucus than that in Pelvetia. Growth of germlings of both species was reduced with increasing density under favorable growth conditions (submerged control and 6 h / 12 h exposure treatments) in the periodic air-exposed experiments using tidal tanks, but was enhanced under severe emersion stress conditions. P. canaliculata showed better growth at 6 h exposure treatment than that of the control, under continuous submergence, indicating that Pelvetia germlings require a periodic exposure period. Fucus germlings always grew faster than those of Pelvetia and did best in mixed cultures, whereas Pelvetia did least well when mixed with Fucus germlings. The adverse effects of F. spiralis on P. canaliculata were greater than those of Pelvetia cohorts. The outcome of interspecific competition between F. spiralis and P. canaliculata gemlings was slightly altered by exposure period but not to such an extent as to change the outcome.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

Objectives We investigated the tolerability, safety, and treatment response to flexible-dose paliperidone ER in patients with non-acute schizophrenia in whom previous antipsychotic drugs were ineffective. Methods This 24-week interim analysis of the 48-week multicenter, prospective, open-label study assessed effectiveness using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia-Severity (CGI-SCH-S) Scale, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) and Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI). Safety and tolerability were assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS). Results Effectiveness was assessed in 169 patients. Significant improvement in the PANSS total score was observed by week-1 and continued until week-24. The response rate was 33%. The CGI-SCH-S and PSP total scores significantly improved during 24 weeks ; however, no change occurred in the total DAI. Fifty-nine percent of patients reported adverse events, of which extrapyramidal symptoms were the most frequent (19.0%). The DIEPSS and LUNSERS scores were improved after 24 week. Conclusions Switching to the flexible-dose paliperidone ER from an ineffective antipsychotic drug was safe, tolerable, and showed a good treatment response in Korean patients with schizophrenia.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2009

The bio-technology industry is a technology-intensive high value added area where R&D and securing core technology are important. Many countries across the world are nationally supporting and nurturing this industry as a next generation growth engine. This study aims to introduce development plan for the bio-tech industry in Korea through analyzing factors for the development of bio-tech industry by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to set the priorities among such factors. The analysis shows that key element for the development of bio-tech industry is technological capacity in the present and in the year of 2015. It also shows that it is essential to have government support and investment in strengthening R&D and cooperative system of industry, academia and research institute for the development of basic original technology. In addition, it suggested 5 plans for the development of bio-tech industry in Korea including securing new technologies in bio-tech industry, improving efficiency of R&D management system, protecting and culturing traditional bio-tech industry, creating emerging markets and efficiently providing support to nurture bio-venture companies.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.83-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the management and quality assurance of higher education franchising in UK universities. Central Lancashire University, Liverpool John Moors University and London Metropolitan University were selected for the case study. The findings based on the framework consisting four areas are as follows. First, the franchising was actively pursued due to the interest of UK universities in securing student and financial resources associated with the interest of partner universities aiming at internationalization and development. Second, the field of cooperation reflected the strengths of UK universities and the needs of partner universities, while the types and degree awarding methods were diversified thanks to the autonomy given to UK universities. Third, the management system was well structured to guarantee transparent and valid operation of franchising with the intensive support of the headquarter at the beginning stage. Fourth, rigorous quality control measures were applied to provide education services of the same quality. In this process, QAA played an important guiding role. Based on these findings, we suggested policy implications for the Korean government as well as universities who are interested in franchising of higher education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.78-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of developing policies for parks and green spaces for inclusive urban planning and regeneration. By reviewing the status, budget, and laws pertaining to urban parks in Korea, as well as assessing the inclusivity of urban parks, this study revealed the problems and limitations in Korea as follows. First, the urban park system, which takes into account indicators such as park area per capita and green space ratio, is focused only on quantitative expansion. Second, the distribution of urban parks is unequal; hence, the higher the number of vulnerable residents, the lower the quality of urban parks and green spaces. Moreover, this study focused on the UK central government, along with the five local governments, including London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, and Liverpool. Through an analysis of the contexts and contents establishing UK park and green space policies that can reduce socioeconomic inequalities while at the same time increase inclusiveness. This study discovered the following. The government's awareness of the necessity of tackling socioeconomic inequalities to make an inclusive society, the change in the urban regeneration policies from physical redevelopment to neighborhood renewal, and the survey and research on the correlation of parks and green spaces, inequality, health, and well-being provided the background for policy establishment. As a result, the creation of an inclusive society has been reflected in the stated goals of the UK's national plan and the strategies for park and green space supply and qualitative improvement. Deprived areas and vulnerable groups have been included in many local governments' park and green space policies. Also, tools for analyzing deficiencies in parks and methods for examining the qualitative evaluation of parks were developed. Besides, for the sustainability of each project, various funding programs have been set up, such as raising funds and fund-matching schemes. Different ways of supporting partnerships have been arranged, such as the establishment of collaborative bodies for government organizations, allowing for the participation of private organizations. The study results suggested five policy schemes, including conducting research on inequality and inclusiveness for parks and green spaces, developing strategies for improving the quality of park services, identifying tools for analyzing policy areas, developing park project models for urban regeneration, and building partnerships and establishing support systems.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-93
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant social changes through government prevention and control measures, changes in people's risk perceptions, and lifestyle changes. In response, urban inhabitants changed their behaviors significantly, including their preferences for transportation modes and urban spaces in response to government quarantine policies and concerns over the potential risk of infection in urban spaces. These changes may have long-lasting effects on urban spaces beyond the COVID-19 pandemic or they may evolve and develop new forms. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential for urban spaces to adapt to the present and future pandemics by examining changes in urban residents' preferences in travel modes and urban space use due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that overall preferences for travel modes and urban spaces significantly differ between the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. During the pandemic, preferences for travel modes and urban spaces has decreased, except for privately owned vehicles and green spaces, which are perceived to be safe from transmission, show more favorable than others. Post-pandemic preferences for travel modes and urban spaces are less favorable than pre-pandemic with urban spaces being five times less favorable than transportation. Although green spaces and medical facilities that were positively perceived during the pandemic are expected to return to the pre-pandemic preference level, other factors of urban spaces are facing a new-normal. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on urban residents' preferences for travel modes and urban space use. Understanding these changes is crucial for developing strategies to adapt to present and future pandemics and improve urban resilience.

• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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• v.501 no.4
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• pp.5616-5645
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• 2021

We analyse the large-scale clustering in Fourier space of emission line galaxies (ELG) from the Data Release 16 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. The ELG sample contains 173 736 galaxies covering 1170 deg² in the redshift range 0.6 eff = 0.845 we measure D_V(z_eff)/r_drag = 18.33^+0.57_-0.62, with D_V the volume-averaged distance and r_drag the comoving sound horizon at the drag epoch. In combination with the RSD measurement, at z_eff = 0.85 we find fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.289^+0.085_-0.096, with f the growth rate of structure and σ₈ the normalization of the linear power spectrum, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 20.0^+2.4_-2.2 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.17 ± 0.99 with D_H and D_M the Hubble and comoving angular distances, respectively. These results are in agreement with those obtained in configuration space, thus allowing a consensus measurement of fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.315 ± 0.095, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.6^+2.2_-2.1 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.5 ± 1.0. This measurement is consistent with a flat ΛCDM model with Planck parameters.