• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.274-278
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• 1990

Metastases to the liver presents a common clinical problem in the management of patients with cole-rectal cancer, and are responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with this malignancy. Unfortunately, attempts at preventing the development of liver metastases in "high risk" patients has so far been unsuccessful. Ongoing studies of adjuvant chemotherapy have not yet illustrated a significant increase in survival in patients receiving such therapy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the value of adjuvant radiotherapy given in the form of colloidal chromic phosphate P-32 suspension administered via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cancer, in preventing the growth of occult metastases in the liver. Twenty one patients (10 patients of treated group with 11 controls) were followed 18 months after operation. There was no significant change in the CBC and liver functions after administration of P-32 labeled colloidal chromic phosphate. The number of patients who showed local metastases at 18 months were 2 in the treated group and 3 in the control group. While liver metastases occurred in one patient at 6 months and in three at 12 months in the control group, there was no development of liver metastases by 12 months in the treated group. At 18 month follow-up CT scan one patient in the treated group showed a single nodule in the liver. In conclusion liver metastasis rate was lower in the patients who received colloidal P-32 chromic phosphate via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cole-rectal cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 2010

We report here a human case probably mixed-infected with Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola sp. who was diagnosed by computed tomography (Cn scan, serological findings, and/or fecal examination. The patient was a 43-year-old Korean female and was admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital with the complaints of fever and abdominal pain. On admission, marked eosinophilia was noted in her peripheral blood. CT scan showed specific lesions for clonorchiasis and fascioliasis in the liver, along with lesions suggestive of amebic abscess. Micro-ELISA revealed positive results for the 2 helminthic infections. Eggs of C. sinensis and trophozoites of Entamoeba histo/ytica were observed in the stool. Treatment with praziquantel followed by metronidazole and tinidazole reduced abnormalities in the liver and eosinophilia. This is the first case report of a possible co-infection with 2 kinds of liver flukes in the Republic of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 1994

Purpose : Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-macroggregated albumin (HAPS) study was carried out in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and in six patients without liver tumor to evaluate HAPS findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and usefullness of HAPS. Materials and Methods : HAPS with planar and SPECT study were performed in 22 patients after conventional hepatic or celiac arteriography. For HAPS study, 4-5 mCi of MAA mixed with 2ml of saline was injected into proper hepatic artery or its distal branches at the rate of approximately 1ml/sec. We analysed 21 HCCs over 2cm in diameter(average diameter; 6.4cm) and 17 of 21 HCCs were over 4cm in diameter(Table 1). CT, sonography and angiography were performed within two week in all 16 patients and liver scan was performed in 12 patients. Results : Three different pattern of tumor perfusion were observed in 16 patients with HCC (Table 2). 1) diffuse increased perfusion in 16 of 21(76%)(Fig. 1) 2) increased peripheral perfusion in 4 of 21(19%) (Fig. 2) 3) diffuse decreased perfusion in 1 of 21 (5%) Arteriovenous shunt indicated by lung uptake of MAA were observed in 9 of 16(56%)(Fig. 4). In contrast, angiography demonstrates arteriovenous shunt in 2 of 16(13%). There was no accumulation of radioactivity on RBC-blood pool scan in all six patients with HCC examined (Fig. 1). Conclusion : HAPS is useful study in evaluation of perfusion pattern or vascularity of HCC and in detection of arteriovenous shunt.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2001

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate geometrical and volumetrical changes of liver due to breathing and its impact to NTCP. In order to attain better treatment results it should be considered deliberately during planning session. Mehtods and Materials : Seven patients were examined in this study who have done TACE for accurate tumor margin drawing. After contrast media injection, C-T scan data were obtained in supine position during breathing free, inhalation and exhalation, respectively. For all patients C-T scan were done with same scanning parameters- 5 mm index, 5 mm thickness and pitch 1. Based on C-T data we have measured differences of each variables between breathing status such as changes of total and remained liver volumes, GTV, beam path length and superior to inferior shift. NTCP were calculated using Lyman's effective volume DVH reduction scheme and for this NTCP calculation, the V50 was computed from DVH and each m, n value were referred from Burmans data. Results : The measured total tilter volume and the remained liver volume changed between inspiration and expiration about $1.2-7.7\%(mean+2.7\%)$ and $2.5-13.23\%(mean=5.8\%)$ respectively, and these results were statistically significant(p>0.1). The GTV difference in each patient varied widely from $1.17\%\;to\;30.69\%$, but this result was not statistically significant. Depending on the breathing status, the beam path length was changed from 0.5 cm to 1.1 cm with the average of 0.7 cm, and it was statistically significant(p=0.006). The measured superior to inferior shifts were ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.74 cm. The NTCPs were changed relatively small in each patient, but the variation was large between the patients. The mean NTCP difference was $10.5\%$, with the variation ranged from $7\%\;to\;23.5\%$. Conclusion : Variations of liver volume and of beam path length were changed significantly depending on the breathing statues and the range of variation itself was very different between the patients. Since this variance could seriously affect the clinical outcomes of radiation treatments, the breathing of patients need to be accounted when a final treatment planning is derided.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1971

The organ distribution study and the whole body scan were done in the albino rats at intervals of 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the intravenous injection of $^{99m}TC$-pertechnetate absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter. Effect of additional injection of physiological saline and saline absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter on the scan and organ distribution were also studied. The results were as follows. 1. Five minutes after the injection of $^{99m}TC$-pertechnetate absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter, Sephadex was well trapped in the lungs, with which the excellent lung scan was obtained. Two hours after the injection, kidneys were well visualized instead of lungs, which suggested that kidney acts as the excretory organ. Five minutes prior to scan, additional injection of physiological saline absorbed in Sephadex above mentioned was done. The bladder was also well visualized together with the kidneys. 2. In the distribution studies, most of radioactivity was detected in the lungs at 5 minutes and was gradually transferred chiefly to the kidneys and bladder and partly to the liver. 3. Additional injection of physiological saline resulted in a rapid transfer of $^{99m}TC$ trapped in the lung to both the kidneys and liver. 4. Additional injection of physiological saline absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter resulted in a rapid transfer of $^{99m}TC$ trapped in the lung to only the urinary system. 5. Results of these studies suggested that; a) Other nutrients and therapeutic compounds may be carried into the lungs along with Sephadex beads and then released in high concentration, which would exert greater therapeutic effect locally than that of the usual administration. b) Some radionuclides absorbed in Sephadex could be used as the lung scan agents, the flushing out of which by Sephadex-saline also give satisfactory renal and bladder scans. c) Other potent therapeutic radionuclides could be retained for some time by this method, which can be in the lungs easily flushed out within 2 hours.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

The purpose is reducing radiation dose while maintaining of image quality in liver dynamic CT(LDCT) scan, by protocols generally used and the tube voltage set at a low level protocol compared to the radiation dose and image quality. The target is body mass index, 18.5~24 patients out of 40 patients who underwent the ACT(abdominal CT). Group A(tube voltage : 120kVp, SAFIRE strength 1) of 20 people among 40 people, to apply the general abdominal CT scan protocol, group B(tube voltage : 100kVp, apply SAFIRE strength 0~5) was 20 people, set a lower tube voltage. Image quality evaluation was setting a region of interest(ROI) in the liver parenchyma, aorta, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), celiac trunk, visceral fat of arterial phase. In the ROI were compared by measuring the noise, signal to noise ratio(SNR), contrast to noise ratio(CNR), CT number. In addition, qualitative assessments to evaluate two people in the rich professional experience in Radiology by 0-3 points. We compared the total radiation dose, dose length product(DLP) and effective dose, volume computed tomography dose index(CTDIvol). The higher SAFIRE in the tube voltage 100 kVp, noise is reduced, CT number was increased. Thus, SNR and CNR was increased higher the SAFIRE step. Compared with the tube voltage 120kVp, noise, SNR, CNR was most similar in SAFIRE strength 2 and 3. Qualitative assessment SAFIRE strength 2 is the most common SAFIRE strength 2 the most common qualitative assessment, if the tube voltage of 100kVp when the quality of the images better evaluated was SAFIRE strength 1. Dose was reduced from 21.69%, in 100kVp than 120kVp. In the case of a relatively high BMI is not LDCT scan, When it is shipped from the factory tube voltage is set higher, unnecessary radiation exposure when considering the reality that is concerned, when according to the results of this study, set a lower tube voltage and adjust the SAFIRE strength to 1 or 2, the radiation without compromising image quality amount also is thought to be able to be reduced.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.434-440
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• 2022

Liver transplantation is a critical used treatment method for patients with end-stage liver disease. The number of cases of living donor liver transplantation is increasing due to the imbalance in needs and supplies for brain-dead organ donation. As a result, the importance of the accuracy of the donor's suitability evaluation is also increasing rapidly. To measure the donor's liver volume accurately is the most important, that is absolutely necessary for the recipient's postoperative progress and the donor's safety. Therefore, we propose liver segmentation in abdominal CT images from pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63 with a two-dimensional U-Net. In addition, we introduce an algorithm to measure the volume of the segmented liver and measure the hepatectomy rate and regeneration rate of pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63. The performance for the learning model shows the best results in the images from pre-operation. Each dataset from pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63 has the DSC of 94.55 ± 9.24%, 88.40 ± 18.01%, and 90.64 ± 14.35%. The mean of the measured liver volumes by trained model are 1423.44 ± 270.17 ml in pre-operation, 842.99 ± 190.95 ml in POD 7, and 1048.32 ± 201.02 ml in POD 63. The donor's hepatectomy rate is an average of 39.68 ± 13.06%, and the regeneration rate in POD 63 is an average of 14.78 ± 14.07%.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.253-255
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• 2008

A 61-year-old man had a F-18 FDG PET/CT scan for evaluation of a common bile duct cancer identified on CT. The PET/CT image showed a hypermetabolic mass in the common bile duct, and a focal area of increased F-18 FDG uptake in segment IV of the liver, which corresponded to a hypoattenuated lesion on non-enhanced CT, and was consistent with hepatic metastasis. The patient underwent choledochojejunostomy with hepatic resection, and pathologic findings were compatible with an eosinophilic abscess in the liver. This case demonstrates that F-18 FDG uptake by an eosinophilic abscess can mimic hepatic metastasis in a patient with a malignancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.660-664
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• 2005

Infantile hemangioendothelioma(IHE) of the liver is the most common vascular tumor in infants before the age of 6 months. It is a histologically benign tumor with potentially life-threatening complications. The clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from asymptomatic forms to intractable high-output heart failure. In addition, abdominal mass, intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to rupture of mass, respiratory distress, hematologic abnormalities and jaundice can occur. Diagnostic work-up is through doppler ultrasound sonography, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Treatment consists of medical treatment, interventional therapy, surgical resection and liver transplantation. We experienced symptomatic IHE in a premature neonate who presented with high output heart failure and respiratory distress. Initial medical treatment and steroid therapy failed to improve his condition. Coil embolization of left hepatic artery resulted in improvement of respiratory symptoms. However, a left lobectomy was performed because the mass size was not decreased with development of collateral vessels. The infant was well, after a successful discharge from the hospital.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2012

Purpose : The whole body bone scan on nuclear medicine is a widely accepted examination and procedure. However, unusual nonosseous uptake can be observed, which reflects a rare interaction between the radiopharmacceutical and the patient. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) contrast and $^{99m}Tc$-DPD(Dicarboxpropane diphosphonate) on whole body bone scan. Materials and Methods : We analyzed the 982 patients who were examined by $^{99m}Tc$-DPD on whole body bone scan in nuclear medicine department of pusan national university hospital from january to december 2010. All these 982 patients had MRI contrast administration prior to whole body bone scan. We analyzed laboratory test. Results : 46 patients(men 39, women 7) showed diffuse hepatic uptake on whole body bone scan. These uptakes were disappeared on the follow-up whole body bone scan. There were no significant difference of CBC test, liver function tests and renal function tests. Conclusion : The study might be an indirect evidence that diffuse hepatic and splenic uptake of 99mTc-DPD on whole body bone scan after intravenous administration of Gadolinium(Gd) MRI contrast. To perform a precise examination, Gd-contrast agent should be removed from the body before performing a whole body bone scan.