• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of Suwon 464 developed by Rural Development Administration, which has over two times of dietary fiber content compared with normal rice (Ilpum), on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 5 kinds of experimental diets (com starch diet as a control (CO), Ilpum polished rice diet (IP), Ilpum brown rice diet (IB), polished rice diet (SP) and brown rice diet (SB) of Suwon 464) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks, after analyzing dietary fiber contents of 5 experimental diets. Diet intake, body weight, organ weights, and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. The dietary fiber contents in CO, IP, IB, SP, and SB diets were 1.0, 1.2, l.4, 1.4, and 2.0% respectively. Body weight and liver and epididymal fat pad weights were lower in SB group than the other groups though there was no significant difference in diet intake among experimental groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride was lower in SP and SB groups than CO and IP groups. The levels of hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol were significantly lower in SP and SB groups than CO group, and the level of hepatic triglyceride was lower in IB, SP and SB groups than CO group. The levels of total lipid and triglyceride excreted in feces were higher in IB, SP and SB, and the level of total cholesterol in feces was higher in SP and SB groups than CO group. These results suggested that the high dietary fiber rice (Suwon 464) decrease the triglyceride or total cholesterol concentrations of serum and liver by increasing of fecal lipid excretion in diabetic mice. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 81∼87, 2004)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 1997

Total lipid were extracted from the eggs, livers, intestines, muscles, and testis of Fugu xanthopterus. The fatty acid composition of total lipid was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Proximate percentage of total lipid from the samples was shown to be ; 81.72% in the livers, 14.53% in the intestines, 12.63% in the eggs, 0.85% in the muscles, and 1.74% in the testis. Toxins(tetrodotoxins) were completely removed from the liver of Fugu xanthopterus with 1% acetic acid/methanol solution before total lipid was extracted with CHCI3:methanol solution(2:1, v/v). The toxicity left in the total lipid was checked using mice. The content of DHA in each tissues of Fugu xanthopterus was the most abundant in muscle(32.4%), followed by liver(23.0%), intestine(26.7%) and testis(15.4%). The level of total polyenoic acids comprising DHA was more abundant in muscle(57.4%) than in the liver(50.9%).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid on body weight and lipid profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of feeding, rats on the HFD were divided into three groups by randomized block design; the first group received the high-fat-diet (n = 10), and the second group received the HFD administered with 0.25% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (0.25LA), and the third group received the high-fat diet with 0.5% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (0.5LA). The high fat diet with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplemented groups had significantly inhibited body weight gain, compared to that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Organ weights of rats were also significantly reduced in liver, kidney, spleen, and visible fat tissues in rats supplemented with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Significant differences in plasma lipid profiles, such as total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, were observed between the HFD and 0.5LA groups. The atherogenic index and the plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio improved significantly with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplementation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Total hepatic cholesterol and total lipid concentration decreased significantly in high fat fed rats supplemented with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas liver triglyceride content was not affected. In conclusion, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplementation had a positive effect on weight gain and plasma and liver lipid profiles in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate the effect of garlic shoot extract administration on serum and liver tissue lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats. The rats were fed a 45% high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. They were then administered garlic shoot extract (50%) and ethanol extract (75%) at 200 mg/kg B.W./day (GSA-1, GSB-1) and 400 mg/kg B.W./day (GSA-2, GSB-2) for 5 weeks. The total lipid and triglyceride contents in serum were lowest in the GSB-2 group, and the total cholesterol content was significantly lower in the GSA-2 and GSB-2 groups than in the control group. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content of the GSB-2 group was similar to that of the normal group. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol contents were significantly lower in the GSB-1 and GSB-2 group than in the control group. atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) were lowest in the GSB-2 group (0.58 and 1.57, respectively). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly higher in the control group than in the normal group, and the levels of AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly lower in the GSA-2 and GSB-2 groups than in the control group. The total lipid content in liver tissue was significantly lower in all the experimental groups compared to that of the control group, but it was not significantly different among the experimental groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride content in liver tissue was lowest in the GSB-2 group. Antioxidant activity in serum and liver tissue was highest in the GSB-2 group (40.16% and 47.41%, respectively).The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content in serum and liver tissue was lowest in the GSB-2 group, with the significant difference. Our results suggest that garlic shoot extracts may improve lipid metabolism in serum and liver tissue and potentially reduce hyperlipidemia.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2 s.27
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• pp.31-38
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• 1980

Calvert et al. formulated the hypothesis that carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) acted on the central nervous system to produce and intensify sympathetic discharge which resulted in anoxic necrosis of the liver. Recknagel suggested that the essential feature of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity depended on the cleavage of it to $CCl_3$(free radical) and the peroxidative decomposition of cytoplasmic membrane structural lipids. And there are many reports which show the increase of adrenergic activity in hyperthyroidism. In this paper, the influence of thyroxine on the hepatotexicity of carbon tetrachloride was investigated in mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) Hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents were slightly decreased by L-sodium thyroxine injection(4mg/kg/day for 4days or 6days), but hepatic glycogen content was significantly decreased. 2) Hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity were significantly increased by $CCl_4$ (4 ml/kg single dose or triple dose: 4ml/kg/day for 3days), but hepatic glycogen content was significantly decreased. 3) The increase of hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity induced by $CCl_4$ were significantly inhitited by the pretreatment of thyroxine. 4) The decrease of hepatic glycogen induced by $CCl_4$ was not affected by the pretreatment of thyroxine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 1998

The effect of thyroid hormones on the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was studied in rats after the intraperitoneal injections of comthyroid (triiodotyronine:thyroxine=1:4) at 0.3 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days. The aim of this study was to understand the precise mechanism of hyperthyroidism induced by oxidative stress. The concentration of lipid peroxides determined indirectly by the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactants was increased in comthyroid treated rats. The hepatic glutathione content was decreased in comthyroid injected rat compared to the euthyroid state. It was also observed that the increment of xanthine oxidase activity has a profound role in oxygen radicals generation system in comthyroid treated rat. These findings suggest that the enhanced xanthine oxidase activity and depleting glutathione content in comthyroid treated rats result in pathophysiological oxidative stress including an increment of hepatic lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2004

Extraction of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge by super critical carbon dioxide was operated under $40-50^{\circ}C$and 200-250 atm, thus, yield of extraction was very low as 4 wt%. Rats were administrated with the extract orally once a day for succesive 6 days, followed by treatment with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on the sixth day. The activities of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol in the extract-pretreated rats were decreased compared to the $CCl_4$controled rats, whereas content of HDL-cholesterol was increased. Especially content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased and HTR was increased in the extract-pretreated rats, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in the extract-pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ controled rats, but the content of glutathione was significantly increased. These results suggest that extract of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge has hepatoprotective effect in the $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.178-182
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• 1997

The effect of various rice bran extracts such as water extracts (RBW), methanol extracts (RBM) and protein-fiber extracts (RPDF) on serum and liver lipid contents were investigated in rats fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks. The increases of body weights in RPDF group were lower than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in RPDF group compared with control group. The contents of liver lipid in all three experimental groups were decreased compared to control group. Especially, total cholesterol contents of liver in RPDF group were significantly lower than those in control group. Compared to control group, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the livers of rats in all experimental groups were significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference among the three experimental groups.