• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.730-736
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• 1997

Distribution of radioactivity in the skin tissues, subcutaneous tissues, blood and body organs was examined following topical application of $^{125}I-rhEGF$(0.4 ${\mu}Ci$), in the form of a Pluronic F-127 gel, on the normal and damaged (burned and stripped) skins of SD male rats. The radioactivity in the skin tissues and subcutaneous tissues was 3-5 times higher for the damaged skins than for the normal skin. But pretreatment of the skin with rhEGF (1${\mu}g$)) twice at 24 hr dose intervals affected the distribution of the radioactivity yielding the order of burned skin> stripped skin=normal skin. The decrease for the stripped skin by the pretreatment might be related either to the pathophysiological change of the skin or to the down regulation of the EGF receptor. Liver showed the highest radioactivity in amount following single and multiple administration of the drug to the normal and damaged skins. But,in concentration, the kidney and stomach showed higher value than the liver which is consistent with that kidney is a major eliminating organ of EGF and that EGF exerts its pharmacological effect specifically for the stomach.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 1999

Scopolia rhizome is mistaken as an atractylodes rhizome because of their similarities in shape. That is why atractylodes rhizome imported from China sometimes contain scopolia rhizome, which is very toxic. 8 persons were intoxicated atractylodes after taking imported atractylodes rhizome which is tainted. In kampo medicine prepared with such imported atractylodes rhizome, the level of tropane alkaloids ranged from 1.12∼4.34 mg/dose. In this study, we tried to investigate the tissue distribution of scopolia rhizome in rats. The extracts of scopolia was administered orally to rats (a single dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 7 days repeated dose of 10mg/kg). Their blood was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hrs, and liver, kidney, lung and spleen were collected after 6 hrs. The tissue homogenate was applied to solid phase extraction column for the determination of tropane alkaloids. After the oral administration of 20mg/kg scopolia extracts, l-hyoscyamine was detected in rat blood to 2 hrs after dosing. The concentration of tropane alkaloids was the highest in liver followed by lung, kidney and spleen. However, lung, kidney and spleen were similar in amount.

• The Korea Genome Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.326.2-326
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• 1999

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.401-415
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• 1991

Effects of quercetin on the specific and non-specific immune responses were studied in vivo. Quercetin at a dose of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were orally administered to ICR male mice once daily for 28 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to ICR mice with a single dose of 5 mg/kg 2 days before secondary immunization. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (S-RBC). Immune responses were evaluated by humoral and cellular immune reponses and non-specific immune response. The results of this study were summarized as followings; 1. Quercetin significantly decreased the body weight, and introduced the atrophy of liver, spleen and thymus gland dose-dependently, but increased the numbers of white blood cell. 2. Querectin significantly depressed the hemagglutination titer, Arthus reaction and hemolytic plaque forming cell. 3. Quercetin significantly depressed the delayed type hypersensitivity and rosette forming cell. 4. Quercetin at a dose of 2.5, 5 and 40 mg/kg significantly depressed phagocytic activity. 5. Quercetin at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly increased natural killer cell activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.450-460
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• 1995

The acute toxicity of fthalide in rat was studied in vivo by the observations of the changes in hematogram, serological parameters, content of cytochrome p-450, activities of NADPH-cytochrom c reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and the contents of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in liver. Fthabde is a practically non-toxic substance(LD50 is 3.86g/kg), but rats were intoxicated with fthabde at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg for 12 days. WBC were significantly decreased and activities of ALT and LDH, on the cotrary, the content of glucose in serum were slightly increased. Cytochrome p-450 and lipid peroxide in liver were significantly increased in the fthalide-intoxicated rats. The longer administration of fthalide showed further increase of carboxylesterase activity in liver and serum, but decrease of activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and cholinesterase in liver and serum. These results show that fthatide can induce the hepatocellular injury and neurotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.571-575
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• 1996

Sulfamethazine sodium was orally administrated to Sprague Dawley female rats(body weight: 200~250g) with the sonde caude at the dose of 20mg of sulfamethazine sodium per 100g of body weight for 3 days to investigate the depletion rate of the drug from liver, kidney and muscle of rat. The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in liver according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium were decreased from 1.27ppm at day 1 to 0.28ppm at day 4. 2. Sulfamethazine concentrations in kidney according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium were decreased from 0.77ppm at day 1 to 0. 12ppm at day 4. 3. The mean concentration of sulfamethazine in skeletal muscle according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium was at or below 0.09ppm within 4 days after withdrawl of medicated solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.326-332
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• 1998

The effect of mushroom extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Rats were administered orally each mushroom extract at the dose of 150mg/kg, foolwed by treatment with CCl4. Liver damage was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after 21hrs from dosing with CCl4(0.25ml/kg) which were given intraperitoneally. Liver damage without renal injury was confirmed by measuring plasma enzyme, creatinine and blood analysis and liver analysis. Plasma aminotransferase activity, and levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were analyzed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were decreased by 34% and 61.5% in pretreatment group of Lentinus edodes compared with CCl4 treated group, respectively. The adminstration of all mushroom extracts led the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease more than the CCl4-treated rats. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes extract protect liver from damage induced by CCl4.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.251-254
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• 1999

Astaxanthin is one of many carotenoids present in marine animals, vegetables and fruits. Since carotenoids are known to exert antioxidant actions, we explored to determine if astaxnathin could have such regulatory actions in normal-and $CCl_4$-treated rat liver. Astaxanthin treatment caused a slight increase in $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in the control rat liver. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly increased by astaxanthin in a dose-dependent manner and its activity decreased in response to $CCl_4$treatment was slightly inhibited by astaxanthin. These results suggest that astaxanthin could protect liver damages induced by $CCl_4$via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and it may have a potential to activate the anti-oxidant system of normal liver by stimulating $\alpha$-tocopherol production.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast effect if a saline flush following low-volume contrast medium bolus improves vascular and parenchymal enhancement using a saphenous vein in abdominal CT for small animals. Six clinically healthy beagle dogs underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. They were divided into nine groups (each group, n = 6), according to the volume of contrast medium 1, 2, and 3 mL/kg, and volume of the saline solution 0, 5, and 10 mL. Dynamic CT scanning was performed at the hepatic hilum level. The maximum contrast enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, and time to equilibrium phase were calculated from the time attenuation curves. Mean attenuation values for all groups were measured in the aorta, portal vein, and liver. After contrast enhancement, grading of image quality regarding surrounding artifacts and evaluation of the hepatic hilum structures was performed. For comparison of the effect of the contrast material and saline solution doses, differences in mean attenuation values between the contrast medium 2 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, and between contrast medium 3 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, were analyzed for statistical significance. There were no significant differences between with and without saline flushing at the same contrast medium dose groups. There were no significant differences in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of contrast medium alone and the 2 mL/kg dose of contrast medium with saline solution flush. However, there was a significant difference in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium without the saline flush group and the 2 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium alone group. Grades of the artifacts were not significantly different in the saline flush regardless of the dose of the contrast medium. Using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush resulted in similar liver parenchyma attenuation, compared with using 3 mL/kg of contrast medium without saline solution flush. In CT evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseases, using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush may yield decreased risk of contrast nephropathy and cost-saving.