• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1982

study aims to derive a rational method for the analysis of the farm silo supported on an elastic foundation in which it is assumed that the reaction pressure of the soil at a point is proportional to the deflection at that point. In order to investigate the effects of an elastic foundation on the behaviour of the structures on it, the analysis of the farm silo resting on an elastic foundation was compared with the solution that the ground support may be assumed uniform (which was obtained from part I of this paper). To calculate the deformation of an elastic foundation, Boussinesq's solution which allows an interaction of the various parts of ground was adopted. In this case, the foundation was treated as a superparametric element additionally. In the evaluation of an element stiffness matrix, Gauss quadrature' was used. In above numerical integration, 3-point rule for the farm silo wall and the footing was introduced and 2-point rule for the evaluation of a reaction between the footing and the elastic foundation was adopted. The stresses of a farm silo on an elastic foundation were smaller than those which the distribution of contact pressure between the footing and the soil is assumed uniformly. Since the differences of stresses were remarkable in PS structures than RC structures, it is desirable that designers take into account the effect of an elastic foundation for the case of PS structures. It can be noted that while the effect of an elastic foundation was more conspicuously observed in near of the ground, the value of stresses at far from the soil was little affected by an supported soil.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1984

We have, at present, found some studies on the optimum design of reinforced concrete about the simple slab but very few about the multi-story and multi-span slab. The aim of this study is to make a optimum design of coalesced beam and column slab constructure. Some results of the evaluation by using the optimalized algorithm that was developed in this study are as follows. 1. Slab was mainly restricted by the constraint of effective depth, bending moment, and minimum steel ratio; especially the effective depth was the preceding crifical constraint. In the optimum design of slab, therefore, the constraint about the minimum thickness should be surely considered. 2. This optimum design is good economy as much as some 3.4&~6.2% compared with the conventional design method. 3. In most case, it was converged by 3 to 6 iteratin regardless of the highest or lowest value and only in case of N=1 and case 1, there is a little oscillation after the 3rd iteration but it makes no difference in taking either the highest or lowest value because the range of oscillation is low as much as about 1.2% of the total construction cost. 4. In this study the result seeking for constraints that make no difference in the least cost design shows that shear stress and maximum steel ration may not be considered in it. 5. Bending moment was converged by one time iteration regardless of the initial value, while steel ratio, in most case, by two times because both bending moment and steel ratio are the fuction of effective depth.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.113-124
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to designing a scientific and systematic merchandising program for infants' wear brands. For this purpose, designer and MD working for 8 local infants' wear brands were surveyed to analyze the conditions of their designing and merchandising of infants' wears. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Only 3 brands employed MD for their merchandising departments. The average number of clothing designers employed by the subject brands was 3-5, while that of colorists was 1-2, and that of accessory designers was 2-3. On the other hand, the average number of patternmakers employed was about 1, while that of sewer was 4. 2. Many of the sample infants' wear brands tended to collect and analyze the information for merchandising, while most of them relied less on outside planned data. The information source upon which they relied most was 'local and foreign fashion magazine', followed by 'data surveyed by local and foreign department stores' and 'data surveyed for local fabric markets' in their order. Meanwhile, the main color represented 70-90% of the total colors, while the pastel groups accounted for 30-40% and vivid color groups for 40-50%. On the other hand, knit accounted for about 60% of their materials, while woven and sweater accounted for 30% and 10%, respectively. 3. In overall terms, most of brands felt that their brands were preferred as much as or less than their competitive brands, while consumers felt expensive for infants' wears. Namely, most consumers were dissatisfied with the price levels of infants' wears. On the other hand, consumers were found to favor the pastel color groups a little more, while being aware of each brand's sizes more or less precisely. 4. The medium upon which the infants' wear brands depended most for their advertisement was 'magazine', followed by 'radio' and 'catalogue' in their order. Most of them were analyzing the results of their sale turnover monthly or frequently in order to review their sales performances in comparison with their competitors. Most of brands bothered to program a sale strategy 4 times a year, primarily to dispose the stocks or find a breakthrough for their sales activities.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.145-190
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate translated individual words in J. S. Gale's "Choon Yang" in comparison with its original OkJoongHwa("獄中花") while referring to early modern bilingual dictionaries and missionaries' ethnography. Gale faced a lot of translation difficulties because the source text had a very different cultural system from the object text. OkJoongHwa was a Korean pansori novel which meant it included many Korean characteristics. However, Gale considered its Korean characteristics were deeply connected with Chinese classics. Even famous people and place names cited from the Chinese classics in OkJoongHwa represented the Korean thinking. Gale tried to faithfully translate the source text as much as possible whether the words were Chinese or Korean. In this paper, we deal with mostly various translation aspects of the Chinese-letter words in OkJoongHwa. Gale's first method to translate words made of Chinese Character is transliteration, the examples of which are the name of Chinese famous people and places, and Chinese poems. The second method is to parallel transliteration and English interpretation equivalent to the Chinese Character. The examples are the names of main characters like "Spring Fragrance or Choonyang," "Mongyong, or Dream-Dragon" and in his translation of word play in Osa (Commissioner), or Kamsa (Governor), kaiksa (a dead beggar). The third is literal translation of Chinese idiomatic phrases as Gale translated 侵魚落雁 into "She'd make the fishes to sink and the wild-geese to drop from the sky." The fourth is a little free translation of the title of public office, the various names of Korean yamen servants and the unique Korean clothing and ornaments. We expect Gale's many translation difficulties as we can see the translated long list of yamen clerks and Korean clothing and ornaments. After our investigation of his translation practices in "Choon Yang" we conclude that he tried to translate its literary language very faithfully though he could not avoid inevitable loss caused by the cultural difference involved in two languages. Gale's "Choon Yang" contributed to introducing the uniqueness of the classical Korean novel and Korean culture to the world more than any other English translation works of that time through his faithful translation.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

In this study fashion illustrations published in American Vogue from 1960 to 1989 were investigated. Among the large number of illustrations published in American Vogue in this period a considerable number of illustrations was chosen: from 1960 to 1969 143 editorial illustrations and 333 advertisement illustrations; from 1970 to 1979 34 editorial illustrations and 168 advertisement illustrations; from 1980 to 1989 123 editorial illustrations and 81 advertisement illustrations. In studying those illustrations the main point was put in finding characteristics and the changing trend of fashion Illustrations. In the sixties editorial fashion illustrations were published mainly during early sixties. The Illustrations of Rene Bouch, Evelyn Marcil, Dagmar and Eunice Moore Sloane took the space of editorials. Among those Illustrators Bouch published most frequently. The companies such as Galey & Lord, Lord & Taylor, Bergdorf Goodman, Bonwit Teller etc. used fashion illustrations for the advertisement. The name Kenneth Paul Block, Babara Pearlman and Dorothy Hood can be found very frequently on the illustrations for those companies. Antonio Lopez too published in 1963 some advertisement illustrations. In the seventies the total number of editorial fashion illustrations diminished drastically compared to the number in the sixties. Antonio published in 1973 and 74 fifteen illustrations, Joe Eula published from 1976 to 79 thirteen illustrations, and beside them Mats Gustavson published in 1978 six illustrations. The number of advertisement illustrations decreased a little, but many companies used fashion illustrations for the advertisement. The illustrator who worked most actively were Block and Fred Greenhill. In the eighties editorial illustrations experienced a "Renaissance". New high-level illustrators appeared and new fashion illustration magazines were found. Antonio played a central role among illustrators published for editorials in Vogue. In addition to him 15 other illustrators including Mats and Eula with various styles worked for editorials. In contrast to the flourishment of editorial illustrations the number of advertisement illustrations decreased compared to seventies as a result of the domination of fashion photography in this area. Today only few fashion illustrations can be found in fashion magazines. The magazines are dominated by fashion photographs. However fashion illustrations will not totally perish from fashion magazines, because it still has some valuable functions in fashion advertisement. Those functions cannot be fulfilled by photography. Therefore fashion illustration will survive in fashion magazine but playa minor role compared to photography.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.335-343
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• 1998

현재 미국에서는 강한 지진지역에서의 골조구조에 대한 새로운 실험규정이 만들어지고 있으며, 이의 목적은 비교적 신뢰성이 높은 실험결과를 얻고 이들 실험결과를 다른 연구자들이 서로 이용 가능하도록 하는 것이다. 이 실험규정에서는 실험방법 뿐만 아니라, 실험후의 분석방법 특히, 실험체가 최소한 보유하여야 할 층위변각, 에너지 소산성능, 강성, 강도 등이 규정되어 있다. 이러한 지침이 설정됨으로 인하여, 여태까지 주관적으로 평가된 시험결과의 분석들이 비교적 객관적으로 평가될 수 있게 될 것으로 보여진다. 전단벽 구조 역시 지진저항에 매우 효과적인 시스템으로서, 이러한 실험지침이 필요하다. 그러나 전단벽 구조의 주 부재인 전단벽은 횡력에 의해서 발생하는 구조물의 횡변위를 억제시키고, 강성과강도를 증가시키는 역할을 하기 때문에 그 거동 특성이 골조주조와는 다소 다르다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 전단벽의 층변위와 에너지 소산성능에대하여 연구를 하고 구조실험시 요구된느 적정 값들을 제시하고자 하였다. 구조실험시(반복하중실험), 높은 지진지역의 전단벽 구조가 보유해야할 최소변형능력(횡변위)을 구하기 위해 기존 연구자들에 의해 실험된일련의실험자료들을 분석할 뿐만 아니라 전단벽을 켄틸레버로 이상화하여 층변위를 형상비, 변위 연성비로 관계로 나타내고, 현재 각 국가의 내진설계 규정에서 정하고 있는 건물의 층변위각을 고려하여 전단벽의 최소 층변위를 제시하였다. 또한 미국의 NEHRP 규준에서 규정하고 있는 소산에너지와 감쇠의 관계를 이용하고, 변위 연성비를 도입하여 구조실험시 요구되는 전단벽의 최소 소산에너지값을 제시하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the various engineering properties and correlationshops among the soil constants of alluvial clayey deposits distributed in the bay of Asan and their results are summarized as follows : 1. Grain size distribution of soil was consisted of 12 % of clay, 46-73 % of silt, 2-23 % of sand, and as for the consistency characteristics, 26-36 % of liquid limit, 18-21 % of plastic limit and 6-16 % of plastic index, and so the soil belonging to as a lower plastic nonorganic clay, it's specific gravity was 2,66-2.70, and the location on the plastic chart was approximately above the A-line. Z The natural moisture content and unit weight were 30-43 % and 1.76-1.87 g I cm$_3$, respectively, and according to increment of natural moisture content, the unit weight was decreased, and the initial void ratio and degree of saturation were shown of 0,87-1119 and 92- 100 %, most of saturated. 3. Cone resistance value which was shown 2.4 - 6.5 kg / $cm^2$ was a little lower and it was increased with the depth of layer and shown the formular $q_c=0.7_z+1.32$. 4. Unconfined compression strength was about 0.18-0.43kg /$cm^2$, cu, 0.1-0.22kg / $\psi$, $2-6^{\circ}$ under uu-test condition of triaxial, and CCU, 0.08-0.3 kg/cm , $\psi$, $12-18^{\circ}$ under the condition of cu-test. 5. Pre-consolidation load of characteristics of consolidation was 0.4-0.8 kg / $cm^2$, compression index, about 0.17-0.33. 6. Liquid limit and plastic index were incresased with the increment of clay content but most of alluvial clay was appeared as a normal through non-activity clay soil shown more natural moisture content than liquid limit, and their relationship as follows : LL=0.38( cy+54.8), PI=0.836(LL -17.8), PI =0.468(LL -0.48) 7. The initial void ratio presented correlationship of positive among clay content, natural moisture content and liquid limit, and that of reverse with unit weight, and their results as follws : $e_o=0.024(w_n+0.2)$, $e_o=e_o=0.0003c_y+0.0005 LL+0.0151 W_n+\frac{3.58}{r-t}-1.52$ 8. It was shown that the compression index has correlationship of postive among the clay content, liquid limit, plastic index, natural moisture content and initial void ratio, and their relationships as follows ; $c_c=0.44(e_o-0.47)$, $c_c=0.001$

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.149-159
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• 1996

최근의 건설 재료의 발전은 인공경량골재의 대량생산을 가능케 했으며 이를 사용한 경량고강도콘크리트의 발전을 가속화시켰다. 경량고강도콘크리트는 Dead Load를 감소시켜 건설비용을 경감시킬 뿐만 아니라 자중 감소로 인하여 지진 등에도 적절히 대응할 수 있는 재료이다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 보통중량 골재를 사용한 고강도 콘크리트에 대한 연구이고, 경량골재를 사용한 고강도콘크리트에 대해서는 그 연구 결과가 많지 않다. 일반적으로 철근콘크리트 보의 전단강도는 콘크리트의 압축강도, 인장철근비, 전단스팬비, 그리고 전단보강철근의 유무에 영향을 받는다고 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전단스팬비(a/d = 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5)와 전단보강철근( ${\rho}_8= 0%$, 1.136%)을 변수로 한 총 8개의 시험체를 가지고 경량고강도콘크리트의 전단거동에 관한 특성을 규명하고자 전단실험을 행했다. 실험결과들은 ACI 규준식 및 Zsutty의 제안식과 비교 검토되었다. 그 결과 ACI(11-3)식과 (11-6)식은 경량콘크리트 보에서도 적용 가능하고, 또한 Zsutty 의 제안식도 전단스팬비(a/d)가 1.5인 경우를 제외하고는 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1999

본 연구는 부존자원의 고갈화 문제에 따른 신소재 개발이라는 성자원적인 측면과 산업부산물의 재활용이라는 환경친화적인 측면에 상응하여 현재 경북지역에서 발생하는 산업 폐기물인 가네트를 대상으로 제반 물성 실험을 통하여 콘크리트 제조시 활용할 수 있는 방안에 대해 실험실적을 통해 그 가능성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 가네트 미분말은 포졸란 반응성과 상관관계를 갖는 실리카와 알루미나의 함유량이 약 50% 정도로써 화학조성상 혼화재로서 사용 가능성을 보여 주었으며, 응결시간은 가네트 치환량이 많아 질수록 다소 줄어드는 것으로 나타났으며, 플로우 시험결과 일반 모르터에 비해 가네트의 사용량이 많아짐에 따라 플로우치가 약간씩 증가하는 경향을 보이며 콘크리트에 활용시 시공연도를 증진시켜 줄 것으로 기대된다. 또한 모르터에 대한 압축강도 시험결과 물결합재비에 따라 약간씩의 차이는 있지만 대체적으로 일반 모르터에 비해 약간씩 압축강도를 상회하고 있으며 최고의 강도 발현율은 치환율 10% 정도로 사료되며, 기존 혼화재(실리카 흄, 플라이애쉬)에 비해 동수준의 강도 발현율을 나타냄으로써, 콘크리트 제조시 시멘트 절감효과 및 성질개선을 위한 혼화재로써의 사용가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1997

Bed rest is recommended to prevent postlumbar puncture headaches(PLPHA), but the period of bed rest varies in the literature from 6 hours to 24 hours. In clinical practice the period of bed rest varies but nursing methods for adults and children have little difference. In Seoul National University Hospital, children have been given at least 6 hours bed rest after a lumbar puncture. Pediatric oncology patients require a lumbar puncture for an initial diagnosis, follow up treatment or administration of chemotherapeutic agent. But it is difficult for young children to lie supine or to refrain from their usual activities in any way, and unpleasant problems related to a shortage of beds often occurs during discharge or in an outpatient setting. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the preventive effect of PLPHA by the period of bed rest, to identify the other factors that influence PLPHA, and to use the nursing methods proper to children. The subjects were 65 children, ages 1-17, undergoing treatment in the children's cancer center at SNUCH during the period June 1, 1995, to Aug. 31, 1995. The team nurses asked questions about PLPHA of the parents and children in order to fill out a questionnaire. The data were evaluated by percent, t-test, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Result; 1. There was no significant difference relating the bed rest time spent to the occurrence of postspinal headaches (t-test). 2. There was a significant risk of PLPHA in the children who were irritable before procedure and/or had experienced previous PLPHA(p<0.05, ${x^2}-test$). 3. The following factors were not found to be associated with increased risk of PLPHA: previous puncture experience, giving analgesics, the choice of puncturist, inpatient/outpatient status, gauge of needle, purpose, the amount of CSF removed, gender, diagnosis, the number of peripheral WBCs, previous lumbago experience after LP, position after bed rest, age, the number of aural puncture at the time. A longer period of bed rest is unlikely to be more effective to prevent PLPHA and seems impractical. A shorter period will save time and effort. Perhaps it will also allay some of the fears which surround LP. So 1 hour bed rest after LP is suggested and nursing methods for emotional support should be investigated to reduce PLPH.