• Title/Summary/Keyword: Liquid drop

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Effect of the Crucible Cover on the Distillation of Cadmium

  • Kwon, S.W.;Jung, J.H.;Lee, S.J.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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    • 2019.05a
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    • pp.69-69
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    • 2019
  • The distillation of liquid cathode is necessary to separate cadmium from the actinide elements in the pyroprocessing since the actinide deposits are dissolved or precipitated in a liquid cathode. It is very important to avoid a splattering of cadmium during evaporation due to the high vapor pressure. Several methods have been proposed to lower the splattering of cadmium during distillation. One of the important methods is an installation of crucible cover on the distillation crucible. A multi-layer porous round cover was proposed to avoid a cadmium splattering in our previous study. In this study, the effect of crucible cover on the cadmium distillation was examined to develop a splatter shield. Various surrogates were used for the actinides in the cadmium. The surrogates such as bismuth, zirconia, and tungsten don't evaporate at the operational temperature of the Cd distiller due to their low vapor pressures. The distillation experiments were carried out in a crucible equipped with cover and in a crucible without cover. About 40 grams of Cd was distilled at a reduced pressure for two hours at various temperatures. The mixture of the cadmium and the surrogate was heated at $470{\sim}620^{\circ}C$. Most of the bismuth remained in the crucible equipped with cover after distillation under $580^{\circ}C$ for two hours, whereas small amount of bismuth decreased in the crucible without cover above $580^{\circ}C$. The liquid bismuth escaped with liquid cadmium drop from the crucible without cover. It seems that the crucible cover played a role to prevent the splash of the liquid cadmium drop. The effect of the cover was not clear for the tungsten or zirconia surrogate since the surrogates remained as a solid powder at the experimental temperature. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that the crucible cover can be used to minimize the deposit loss by prevention of escape of liquid drop from the crucible during distillation of liquid cathode.

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Drop Size Measurement using Image Processing Method under High Ambient Pressure Condition (고압환경에서 이미지 프로세싱 기법을 이용한 액적크기 측정)

  • Lim Byoungjik;Khil Taeock;Jung Kihoon;Yoon Youngbin
    • 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.111-114
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    • 2003
  • Drop size is one of the most important parameters which are control the performance of the engine using liquid fuel/oxidizer and drop formation is mainly controlled by aerodynamic force caused by ambient gas. Because of this, empirical data and correlation acquired under standard ambient condition are not valid. So experiments under high ambient pressure condition to measure the drop size using image processing method And find the empirical correlation between SMD and chamber pressure(density), injection velocity.

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Raindrop Size Distribution Over Northeastern Coast of Brazil

  • Tenorio Ricardo Sarmento;Kwon Byung-Hyuk;Silva Moraes Marcia Cristina da
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2006
  • Precipitation measurement with ground-based radar needs an information of the raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics. A 10-month dataset was collected in tropical Atlantic coastal zone of northeastern Brazil where the weather radar was installed. The number of drop was mainly recorded in 300 - 500 drop $mm^{-3}$, of which the maximum was registered around 1.1 mm drop diameter.

A Study on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Rashig Super-Ring Random Packing in a Counter-Current Packed Tower (역류식 충전탑에서 Raschig Super-ring Random Packing의 수력학적 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Kang, Sung Jin;Lim, Dong-Ha
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, packed column has been widely used in separation processes, such as absorption, desorption, distillation, and extraction, in the petrochemical, fine chemistry, and environmental industries. Packed column is used as a contacting facility for gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems filled with random packed materials in the column. Packed column has various advantages such as low pressure drop, economical efficiency, thermally sensitive liquids, easy repairing restoration, and noxious gas treatment. The performance of a packed column is highly dependent on the maintenance of good gas and liquid distribution throughout a packed bed; thus, this is an important consideration in a design of packed column. In this study, hydraulic pressure drop, hold-up as a function of liquid load, and mass transfer in the air, air/water, and air-NH3/water systems were studied to find the geometrical characteristic for raschig super-ring experiment dry pressure drop. Based on the results, design factors and operating conditions to handle noxious gases were obtained. The dry pressure drop of the random packing raschig super-ring was linearly increased as a function of gas capacity factor with various liquid loads in the Air/Water system. This result is lower than that of 35 mm Pall-ring, which is most commonly used in the industrial field. Also, it can be found that the hydraulic pressure drop of raschig super-ring is consistently increased by gas capacity factor with various liquid loads. When gas capacity factor with various liquid loads is increased from 1.855 to 2.323 kg-1/2 m-1/2 S-1, hydraulic pressure drop increases around 17%. Finally, the liquid hold-up related to packing volume, which is a parameter of specific liquid load depending on gas capacity factor, shows consistent increase by around 3.84 kg-1/2 m-1/2 S-1 of the gas capacity factor. However, liquid hold-up significantly increases above it.

Effect of Condensation on Spray Characteristics of Simplex Swirl Nozzle (응축이 심플렉스 와류 노즐의 분무 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Koh, Kwang-Uoong;Lee, Sang-Yong
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.06e
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2001
  • The effect of ambient gas (steam) condensation on swirl spray characteristics were studied experimentally for low subcooling condition of the liquid. The configuration of the liquid(water) sheet and the breakup modes were examined. Also variation of the discharge coefficient, breakup length, local and the cross-sectional area-averaged SMD of droplets with the liquid flow(injection) rate were obtained. The perforation breakup mode appears dominant with condensation while the aerodynamic wave breakup mode is dominant without condensation(in the air environment). The discharge coefficient, breakup length and the mean drop sizes decrease in a same manner with increasing of the liquid flow rate for both cases(with and without condensation). The condensation effects are insignificant with the discharge coefficient. However, the local and cross-sectional area-averaged SMD are larger and the breakup length becomes shorter in the steam environment. The spray angle predicted from the volumetric flux distribution along the radial direction of the sprays in the steam environment becomes larger with condensation.

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An Experimental Study on the Atomization Characteristics of Electrohydrodynamic for Ethanol($C_2H_5OH$) Fuel (에탄올($C_2H_5OH$) 연료의 전기수력학적 미립화 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Sung, K.A.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2009
  • An experimental study was performed to explore the atomization characteristics as the drop formation and the liquid breakup of an ethanol fuel using an electrohydrodynamic atomizer. A developed electrohydrodynamic atomizer controlled by a high AC power, a variable frequency, and a liquid feeding was used for the experiments. The test had been considered a disperse atomization processing at $450{\sim}4200V$ applied power, $200{\sim}400\;Hz$ frequency, and $1{\sim}3\;ml/min$ ethanol feeding to achieve an uniformed droplet formation. The goal of the research was to investigate the possibility of the liquid breakup for an ethanol fuel in an electrohydrodynamic atomizer. The results showed that the mean droplet radius decreased as the applied voltage increased or as the applied AC frequency increased. The whipping motion had been grown at the specified voltages due to the applied frequency.

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Correlation between size and velocity of drops in a spray from an internal mixing twin-fluid atomizer (내부혼합형 이류체 분사노즐에서 발생한 분무내 액적들의 크기와 속도의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Sang-Jin;Hiroyasu, H.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 1998
  • Correlations of drop size and velocity in a spray from the disintegration of liquid jet and liquid film from an internal mixing twin-fluid atomizer, were determined by phase Doppler method. The distribution pattern of Sauter mean diameter(SMD) in a spray was changed by a behavior of liquid flow. As smaller droplets became faster and slower easily by the surrounding conditions, the correlation between drop size and mean velocity was found to be varied as next 3 steps; firstly smaller droplets have a higher mean velocity at the area near atomizer, droplets have almost the same mean velocity and finally larger droplets have a higher mean velocity at the area far from an atomizer.

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A Study on the Thrust Throttling Using Gas Injection in Swirl Injectors (기체주입을 이용한 와류형 분사기들에서의 가변추력 연구)

  • Lee, Wongu;Yoon, Youngbin;Ahn, Kyubok
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 2018
  • Thrust throttling in a liquid rocket engine can be implemented via several ways such as high pressure drop injector, dual manifold, multiple chamber, pintle injector, and gas injection. Thrust throttling using gas injection controls thrust by usually injecting inert gas into propellant through an aerator to reduce the propellant's bulk density. In this study, the outside-in aerator was used in the propellant line to create two phase flow. Closed-type, open-type, and screw-type bi-swirl coaxial injectors were utilized for investigating throttling characteristics such as pressure drop, mixture density, and discharge coefficient according to gas-liquid mass ratio.

The Effects of Tube Arrangement and Inclination on the Pressure Drop in Tube Bundles of Intermediate Beat Exchanger in Liquid Meta Reactor (액체금속로 중간열교환기 관다발에서의 튜브배열과 경사각도가 압력강하에 미치는 영향)

  • Nam Ho Yun;Kim Jong Man;Choi Jong Hyeun
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.659-662
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    • 2002
  • The present paper presents the experimental results for pressure drop in inclined tube bundles located in a rectangular duct. Measurements are made for pressure drop in triangular and rotated triangular tube arrays having P/d ratio of 1.6 and inclination angles of 30,45,60 and 90 degrees. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and tube diameter ranges from $8{\times}10^2\;to\;6.3{\times}10^{4}$. The experimental results show that the magnitude of dimensionless pressure drop decreases significantly when the inclined angle is less than 45 degree. The measured data are compared with two existing correlations available in the literatures. The ESDU correlation agrees well with the present data far the triangular arrays. But some discrepancies are observed for the rotated triangular arrays when the inclined angles are 30 and 45 degrees. The Idel'chik correlation generally agrees well with the measured data for the rotated triangular arrays except for the inclined angle of 30 degree. The Idel'chik correlation needs modification for the triangular arrays. The modified Idel'chik correlation agrees well with the measured data within $10{\%}$. It is found that the present measured data can be applied to the evaluation and modification of previous correlations.

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Liquid Flow and Pressure Drop of an Outside Flow Membrane Oxygenator with Hollow Fibers (외부흐름 중공사 막형 인공폐의 액체흐름과 압력손실)

  • 이삼철;김기범
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to evacuate the effects of the number of tied hollow fibers in a novel membrane oxygenator that satisfied the limiting factor of minimizing the friction loss in the intravascular blood flow Pattern. The membrane oxygenator is a bundle consisted of several hundred ho1low fibers haying the outside diameter of 380 $\mu m$ and the axial jacket length of 600 mm. The eight different variation of tied hollow fibers in a bundle were designed. and the liquid flow pattern was controlled by a pump. The liquid pressure drop was measured by in vitro experiments using water and g1ycero1. Uniform blood flow pattern was observed for each number of tied hollow fibers. Pressure drop was 13-16 mmHg outside of the membrane oxygenator consisting of up to 700 ho1low fibers. More effective contact of liquid with the tied ho1low fibers was observed as a decrease in the number of the tied hollow fibers. and resulted in the enhancement of the friction tractor