• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

This study was conducted to measure Nitrogen(N), Phosphate($P_2O_5$), Potassium ($K_2O$), Organic matter(OM) and Moisture content of liquid pig manure by Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) and to develop an alternative and analytical instrument which are used for measurement of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, OM, and Moisture contents for liquid pig manure. The liquid pig manure sample's transmittance spectra were measured with a NIRS in the wavelength range of 400 to 2,500 nm. Multiple linear regression and partial least square regression were used for calibrations. The correlation coefficient(RSQ) and standard error of calibration(SEC) obtained for nitrogen were 0.9190 and 2.1649, respectively. The RSQ for phosphate, potassium, organic matter and moisture contents were 0.9749, 0.5046, 0.9883 and 0.9777, and the SEC were 0.5019, 1.9252, 0.1180 and 0.0789, respectively. These results are indications of the rapid determination of components of liquid pig manure through the NIR analysis. The simple analytical instrument for liquid pig manure consisted of a tungsten halogen lamp for light source, a sample holder, a quartz cell, a SM 301 spectrometer for spectrum analyzer, a power supply, an electronics, a computer and a software. Results showed that the simple analytical instrument that was developed can approximately predict the phosphate, organic matter and moisture content of the liquid pig manure when compared to the analysis taken by NIRS. The low predictability value of potassium however, needs further investigation. Generally, the experiment proved that the simple analytical instrument was reliable, feasible and practical for analyzing liquid pig manure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.558-562
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• 2014

Cover cropping and liquid manure application are considered as effective ways to replace the use of chemical fertilizer in orchard. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cover crop species and liquid manure application rate on green manure production, leaf mineral content, fruit quality and soil chemical properties in pear orchard. The treatments include rye and hairy vetch as cover crops, two liquid manure application levels based on N and $K_2O$ requirement on each cover crop species, and chemical fertilizer as control. Green manure production was higher in hairy vetch than in rye. K content of pear leaves and soil exchangeable K content increased in N based liquid manure application treatments. The yield was higher in rye + liquid manure and fertilizer treatments, and fruit quality was not different between the treatments. Taking all of these into account, rye + $K_2O$ requirement-based liquid manure application is recommended in pear orchard for not only sufficient nutrient supply but also prevention of any problem related with soil $K_2O$ accumulation in pear orchard in long-term perspective.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2011

Heavy metal concentration as well as chemical composition were surveyed in commercial liquid pig manure to provide the basic information for mitigation research of hazardous material to agro-product. Seventy-five samples of liquid pig manure were collected and analyzed from 2009 to 2010 nationwide. Average contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ were 0.29%, 0.08%, and 0.11%, respectively. The contents of heavy metals ranged from 0.001~0.083 for As, 0.001~0.108 for Cd, 0.002~0.495 for Cr, 0.07~47.8 for Cu, ND~0.005 for Hg, 0.035~1.033 for Ni, ND~0.291 for Pb, and $0.75{\sim}342.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively. It was noted that among 75 samples, only four samples exceeded the Zn guideline ($130mg\;L^{-1}$) of liquid fertilizer derived from livestock manure but others were not exceeded the regulation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.377-398
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• 2007

The objectives of this thesis were to search for effective methods of the livestock manure management through analysis of the livestock manure management cost and prepare for cuts in greenhouse gases emission by applying CDM in the fields of livestock in 2013. In the situation where most farmhouses are disposing the pig manure by ocean disposal, it is urgent to make an alternative plan since ocean disposal will be prohibited from 2012. Biogasplant is being highlighted from the point that can produce heat and electricity by using methane generated when the manure is disposed, and that can produce barnyard manure and liquid manure. As biogasplant generates energy using methane, it will contribute to decreasing global warming with the effect of greenhouse gases reduction, and trading emission reductions through CDM will result in creating revenue.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

In order to obtain the optimum application time of liquid pig manure (LPM) for growth and nutrient contents of green manure crops (GMCs), the growth and nutrient characteristics of GMCs were evaluated under different application times of LPM in pot experiment. GMCs were sown in Sept. 1, 2012. LPM was treated in soil surface at 15 days before sowing (15DBS), at 0 days after sowing (ASD) and at 25 days after sowing (25DAS). At 60 days after seeding, plant heights of barley and hairy vetch were higher in 15DBS treatment than those in other treatments. Biomass of barley was higher in the order of 15DBS (50.2g plant^-1) > ASD (49.8g plant^-1) > 25DAS (48.5g plant^-1) > control treatment (37.5g plant^-1). Biomass of hairy vetch in 15DBS treatment was higher than that in other treatments. Nutrient contents of barley and hairy vetch were not different regardless of LPM application times. On the other hand, the amounts of nutrients uptake in 15DBS treatment were higher than those in other treatments. Therefore, in considering growth status and nutrient contributions of GMC, the optimum application time of LPM was 15DBS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.715-721
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate aboveground biomass and nitrogen storage potential of tree species-eight clones of a poplar and hybrids, one clone of Salix alba L., dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu and W.C. Cheng), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), Okamoto maple (Acer okamotoanum Nakai), and pin oak (Quercus palustris $M{\ddot{u}}nchh.$)- after treating with liquid pig manure. Stems showed the highest percentage of aboveground biomass, and followed by branches and leaves. Nitrogen content in aboveground biomass components was the highest in leaves, and followed by branches and stems. Average aboveground biomass production was higher in the clones and species treated with manure than those of not treated, 30 ton/ha and 16 ton/ha, respectively. In the manure-treated site, clone 'Dorskamp' of Populus deltoides${\times}$Populus nigra showed the highest aboveground biomass (48.3 ton/ha). Average nitrogen storage potential was superior in the clones and species treated with manure than those of not treated, 159 kg/ha and 90 kg/ha, respectively. Clone 'Dorskamp' also showed the greatest nitrogen storage potential (286.5 kg/ha) among tested tree species. Therefore, 'Dorskamp' is the most suitable clone for treating liquid pig manure, but additional studies are needed to determine any damages or tolerance from the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.731-735
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• 2015

The effects of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the yield and nutrient supply of green manure crops, such as hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch + rye mixture, were investigated. We used three treatments: no-fertilizer (NF); LPM, $4.0t10a^{-1}$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0.024-4.0kg10a^{-1}$); and chemical fertilizer (CF; $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0-4.0kg10a^{-1}$). The green manure crops, namely, Vicia villosa Roth. (hairy vetch) and Secale cereale L. (rye). were sown on March 11 and harvested on June 24, 2014. Yield of green manure crops significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with the hairy vetch alone plot. In hairy vetch alone plot, yield of green manure crops was increased by application of LPM and CF, but there were no significant differences. Yield of green manure crops in hairy vetch + rye fresh mixture plot significantly increased by the LPM and CF treatments, but no difference was noted between the LPM and CF treatments. Nitrogen supply by the green manure crops was higher in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot than hairy vetch alone plot. However, there was no significant difference. Phosphorus and potassium supply significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with hairy vetch alone plot. By treating LPM and CF, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply were higher than those in no fertilizer. In conclusion, LPM could replace CF. When planting green manure crops, the hairy vetch + rye mixture was more effective than hairy vetch alone to effectively use green manure crops.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.469-478
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• 2004

Pig slurry, urine and fermented liquid manure were evaluated measuring electrical conductivity (EC), dry matter (DM) contents and other components. Samples were collected during a period from February to April, 2001: slurry samples from 70 storage tanks, urine samples from 19 and 20 fermented liquid manure samples from 109 pig farms in Jeju. Samples were analyzed for pH, EC, DM, $NH_4$-N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, BOD, S-S, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and OM. Relationships between EC or DM and various mineral and $NH_4$-N contents were examined using linear regression. EC, DM, all mineral contents and $NH_4$-N were higher in slurry samples than in urine or fermented liquid manure. EC, $NH_4$-N, Ca, Mg and Na concentration was similar in urine and fermented liquid manure, but K and DM values in liquid manure were twice as much as in urine. P concentration was higher in urine than in liquid manure. $NH_4$-N and Na in slurry, $NH_4$-N in urine and $NH_4$-N, P and Ca in fermented liquid manure were highly correlated with EC, while $NH_4$-N, P, Ca and Mg in slurry, $NH_4$-N and Ca in urine, and K, P, Ca, Mg, and Na in fermented liquid manure with DM (P<0.05). BOO in slurry (22,520 mg/mL) was higher than that in urine (4,763) and fermented liquid manure (2,701). Results indicated that slurry is a better fertilizer source than urine or fermented liquid manure. However, slurry may pollute soil more than urine or fermented liquid manure when applied to land, although the levels are not above the permit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2005

Nitrogen content of liquid manures varies from $3g\;kg^{-1}\;to\;7g\;kg^{-1}$ according to the collecting seasons. The application effects of liquid manure on the yield of rice are the best in LPM+LPM treatment, although the lodging of crops increased and the quality of rice is deteriorated. When application with LPM+CF treatment and CF+LPM treatment showed no difference in rice yield and quality, compared with CE+CF treatment. Therefore, use of liquid manure on farmland should be limited as once per year during cultivation duration and liquid manure is fully fermented during 6 months at least in order to decrease the damage of crops by application of unmatured liquid manure. Also, application amount of liquid manure should be carefully determined by considering the mineral (especially nitrogen) contents of liquid manure and the recommended fertilizer levels for various crops.