• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제60권4호
• /
• pp.222-230
• /
• 2023

In the present work, the scale effect on the Boil-Off Rate (BOR) was investigated based on an analytical method to systematically evaluate the thermal performance of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cargo Containment System (CCS). A two-dimensional thermal resistance network model was developed to accurately estimate the heat ingress into the CCS from the outside. The analysis was performed for the KC-1 LNG membrane tank under the IGC and USCG design conditions. The ballast compartment of both the LNG tank and cofferdam was divided into six sections and a thermal resistance network model was made for each section. To check the validity of the developed model, the analysis results were compared with those from existing literature. It was shown that the BOR values under the IGC and USCG design conditions were agreed well with previous numerical results with a maximum error of 1.03% and 0.60%, respectively. A SDR, the scale factor of the LNG CCS was introduced and the BOR, air temperature of the ballast compartment, and the surface temperature of the inner hull were obtained to examine the influence of the SDR on the thermal performance. Finally, a correlation for the BOR was proposed, which could be expressed as a simple formula inversely proportional to the SDR. The proposed correlation could be utilized for predicting the BOR of a full-scale LNG tank based on the BOR measurement data of lab-scale model tanks.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2023

While extensive research is being conducted to reduce greenhouse gases in industrial fields, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented regulations to actively reduce CO₂ emissions from ships, such as energy efficiency design index (EEDI), energy efficiency existing ship index (EEXI), energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI), and carbon intensity indicator (CII). These regulations play an important role for the design and operation of ships. However, the calculation of the index and indicator might be complex depending on the types and size of the ship. Here, to calculate the EEDI of two target vessels, first, the ships were set as Deadweight (DWT) 50K container and 300K very large crude-oil carrier (VLCC) considering the type and size of those ships along with the engine types and power. Equations and parameters from the marine pollution treaty (MARPOL) Annex VI, IMO marine environment protection committee (MEPC) resolution were used to estimate the EEDI and their changes. Technical measures were subsequently applied to satisfy the IMO regulations, such as reducing speed, energy saving devices (ESD), and onboard CO₂ capture system. Process simulation model using Aspen Plus v10 was developed for the onboard CO₂ capture system. The obtained results suggested that the fuel change from Marine diesel oil (MDO) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) was the most effective way to reduce EEDI, considering the limited supply of the alternative clean fuels. Decreasing ship speed was the next effective option to meet the regulation until Phase 4. In case of container, the attained EEDI while converting fuel from Diesel oil (DO) to LNG was reduced by 27.35%. With speed reduction, the EEDI was improved by 21.76% of the EEDI based on DO. Pertaining to VLCC, 27.31% and 22.10% improvements were observed, which were comparable to those for the container. However, for both vessels, additional measure is required to meet Phase 5, demanding the reduction of 70%. Therefore, onboard CO₂ capture system was designed for both KCS (Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship) and KVLCC2 (KRISO VLCC) to meet the Phase 5 standard in the process simulation. The absorber column was designed with a diameter of 1.2-3.5 m and height of 11.3 m. The stripper column was 0.6-1.5 m in diameter and 8.8-9.6 m in height. The obtained results suggested that a combination of ESD, speed reduction, and fuel change was effective for reducing the EEDI; and onboard CO₂ capture system may be required for Phase 5.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2005

복공식 시하공동내에 액화천연가스(LNG)를 저장하는 새로운 LNG 저장기술의 타당성을 검증하고 실규모 저장소 건설을 위한 기반기술의 개발을 위하여 액화질소를 저장하는 소규모 시험장을 한국지질자원연구윈 구내에 건설하였다. 액화질소를 지하공동내에 저장함에 따라 공동주변의 암반은 극저온 환경의 직접적인 영향을 받게 되므로, 공동주변에 결빙층(ice ring)의 형성은 물론 지반상태 변화를 수반할 것으로 예상되었다. 이 시험장에서는 지반상태의 변화 규명과 모니터링을 위하여 물리탐사, 수리지질조사, 암반공학 조사 등이 수행되었으며, 특히 시추공 레이다와 3 차원 전기비저항 탐사를 포함하는 물리탐사법을 적용하여 극저온 환경으로 인한 암반내 결빙층의 형성을 탐지하고 지반상태 변화를 모니터링 하였다. 특히, 3차원 전기비저항 탐사자료는 액화질소의 저장 전후에 획득하여 그 결과를 비교하였으며, 3 단계에 걸쳐 획득한 3 차원 전기비저항 영상들로부터 액화질소의 저장에 기인한 뚜렷한 전기비저항 변화 영역을 도출하였다. 저장공동의 동쪽부에서 전기비저항의 감소를 보였으며, 수리지질조사 결과와 저장소 주변의 여러 패턴을 비교, 검토하여 이와 같은 전기비저항의 변화가 지하수 흐름의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 해석하였다. 즉, 극저온의 액화질소에 의한 암반의 동결로 인하여 공동주변의 수리지질조건 및 지하수 흐름에 변화가 발생하는 등, 저장소 가동 이전의 지반상태로부터 뚜렷한 변화를 나타낸 것으로 해석되었다.