• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 화장품 천연소재로서 모링가 에탄올 추출물의 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. Tyrosinase와 elastase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 각각 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 47%, 39%의 활성을 나타내었다. 모링가 에탄올 추출물에 대한 collagenase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 31%의 활성을 확인하였다. 세포 생존율을 MTT 분석법으로 확인한 결과 대식 세포(Raw264.7)와 멜라노마 세포(B16F10)의 농도 구간이 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 일 때 각각 94.2%, 94.8%의 생존율을 보였다. 항염증 활성을 확인하기 위해 griess 분석에 의하여 대식 세포에 lipopolysaccharides (LPS)를 처리하였다. 그 결과 모링가 에탄올 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 NO 발현 억제효과를 확인하였다. Western blot을 통한 단백질 발현 억제 효과를 측정하기 위해 25, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도의 모링가 에탄올 추출물과 ${\beta}-actin$을 사용하였다. 그 결과, iNOS, COX-2, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase의 단백질 발현양이 $1 00{\mu}g/mL$에서 85.8%, 57.5%, 80.7%, 30%, 29.9%, 23.6%로 억제됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 미백 및 항염증 효과가 우수함을 확인하였고, 모링가 에탄올 추출물의 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 Lipopolysaccharide의 처리가 착유우의 면역 반응에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 처리구 5두 및 대조구 3두를 공시하여 LPS 처리후 시간의 경과에 따른 PMNL의 비율, PMNL의 생존율 및 탐식 PMNL의 비율 등을 분석하였다. PMNL의 비율에 있어서, 처리전(0시간째)에는 대조구 및 처리구가 각각 41.0% 및 47.2%였으나 24시간째에는 41.7% 및 72.1%, 48시간째에는 41.0% 및 81.6%, 72시간째에는 44.3% 및 79.0%로 24시간째, 48시간째 및 72시간째에 공히 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 대조구와 처리구의 PMNL의 생존율은 처리시간에 따른 차이가 없었다. 탐식 PMNL의 비율에 있어서, 처리전(0시간째) 및 처리 후 24시간째에는 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 48시간째에는 각각 1.1% 및 7.7%로 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 경향을 나타내다가 72시간째에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2013

본 시험은 젖소 4두에 대하여 제1위체류형 센서(Indwelling probe)를 정치시키고 이를 이용하여 아급성제1위과산증(SARA)의 강도를 조사함과 동시에 pH가 혈 중 내독소(Lipopolysaccharide; LPS)의 농도에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 비섬유성탄수화물(Non-fiber carbohydrates, NFC)을 기준으로 적정 수준의 NFC를 포함하고 있는 정상 사료군(Normal diet, ND)과, 아급성제1위과산증(Subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA) 유발가능 사료군(Acidogenic diet, AD)의 2개 처리구에 각 2두씩 배치하여 Cross-over 설계로 사양실험을 반복 실시하였다. 제1위체류형 센서는 장시간에 걸친 제1위 내 pH의 변화를 추적하는 데 효과적이었다. 얻어진 결과에서 AD 급여는 반추위내용물의 pH를 낮추는 데 커다란 영향을 주었으며, 반추위 내 pH의 저하는 혈 중 LPS의 농도가 증가로 이어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 혈 중 LPS 농도는 급성 또는 만성형을 불문하고 과산증을 확인하는 지표로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 착유우용 사료첨가물로 많이 이용되는 소디움벤토나이트(NaB)와 프로필렌글리콜(PG)의 급여는 반추위 내 pH의 저하를 완충시켜 궁극적으로 SARA의 강도를 완화시키고 혈 중 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 농도의 증가를 줄여 줌으로써 내독소에 의해 발생하기 쉬운 제엽염 등의 부작용을 완화시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.288-297
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• 2009

Objective : Inflammatory cytokines have a close relationship to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The inhibitory effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR) were examined on production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ $(PGE_2)$, synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and NF-${\kappa}$B activation in Raw 264.7 cells. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with SGR(20, 50, 100 ${\mu}g$/ml), and then cultured with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay; inhibition of NO, $PGE_2$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were measured by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Induction of COX-2 and iNOS were determined by western blotting analysis. Inhibition of NF-${\kappa}$B was measured by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results: SGR inactivated NF-${\kappa}$B, and inhibited the production of NO, iNOS, and $PGE_2$. Inhibition of COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ could not be confirmed. Conclusions: From the above result. SGR was found to have an anti-inflammatory effect of inhibition of NO, iNOS, and $PGE_2$ production via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}$B.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2011

Free-living Acanthamoeba are eukaryotic protozoan organisms that are widely distributed in the air, water, etc such as environment. Acanthamoeba ingest the Escherichia coli which will replicate in cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba. Bacterial pathogenicity or virulence is one of important determinant factors to survive in free-living Acanthamoeba and otherwise Acanthamoebic pathogenicity is also an important factor for their interactions. Bacterial association with pathogenic strain of Acanthamoeba T1 and T4 was lower about two times than non-pathogenic T7. Bacterial invasion percentages into T1 were higher about three times than T7 but bacterial survival in T7 was increased as T1. The capsule-deletion mutant exhibited limited ability for invasion/uptake by and survival inside pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4. E. coli-outer membrane protein A (OmpA) decreased bacterial association with A. castellanii by about three times and it had higher effects than lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Under favorable conditions, the mutants were not survived in Acanthamoeba up to 24 h incubation. Therefore, this review will report pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains interactions with E. coli and its several mutants, i.e., capsule, OmpA and LPS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

In a previous study, we analyzed the transcriptome of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans using next-generation sequencing technology and identified several antimicrobial peptide candidates. One of the peptides, scolopendrasin V, was selected based on the physicochemical properties of antimicrobial peptides using a bioinformatics strategy. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activities of scolopendrasin V using the radial diffusion assay and colony count assay. We also investigated the mode of action of scolopendrasin V using flow cytometry. We found that scolopendrasin V's mechanism of action involved binding to the surface of microorganisms via a specific interaction with lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycans, which are components of the bacterial membrane. These results provide a basis for developing peptide antibiotics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides- and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immune-enhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2017

Foodborne contamination and salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are a significant threat to human health and poultry enterprises. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are naturally secreted by gram-negative bacteria, could be a good vaccine option because they have many biologically active substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and phospholipids, as well as periplasmic components. In the present study, we purified OMVs derived from S. Enteritidis and analyzed their characteristics through silver staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In total, 108 proteins were identified in S. Enteritidis OMVs through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and OMPs, periplasmic proteins, and extracellular proteins (49.9% of total proteins) were found to be enriched in the OMVs compared with bacterial cells. Furthermore, native OMVs used in immunizations by either the intranasal route or the intraperitoneal route could elicit significant humoral and mucosal immune responses and provide strong protective efficiency against a lethal dose (~100-fold $LD_{50}$) of the wild-type S. Enteritidis infection. These results indicated that S. Enteritidis OMVs might be an ideal vaccine strategy for preventing S. Enteritidis diseases.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2015

Purpose: Chrysanthemum indicum (CHI) has been used for edible and medical purposes for a long time in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of CHI water extract in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Methods: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, CHI extract as a whole plant was used in this study. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of CHI extract (1, 10, and $100{\mu}g/mL$). After that Nitric Oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) expression level were measured. Results: CHI extract significantly suppressed the LPS-induced NO production and decreased the level of iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and also the down regulation of $PGE_2$ expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study suggested that CHI extract can be substituted for anti-inflammatory drugs and provide a safe and effective non pharmacological therapeutic approach.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of Angelicae gigantis Radix (AG) and Lycii fructus (LF) ethanol extracts on skin-whitening effects. Method : LFAG extracts were prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. The efficacy of LFAG was judged by measurement of cell viability, tyrosinase activity, melanin production, tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression in B16F10 murine melanoma cells by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. Results : Each extract (LF or AG) inhibited the tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The co-treatment of LFAG extracts ($25{\mu}g/mL$ LF plus $25{\mu}g/mL$ AG) markedly suppressed the LPS-induced cellular tyrosine activity, melanin production, tyrosinase and MMP-1 expression in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Conclusions : With these observations, we suggest that the extracts from Lycii fructus and Angelica gigantis Radix could be potent natural materials for whitening skin.