• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.69-71
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• 1989

Effects of SDS and temperature on the conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin were studied using a, b, c bands of bacteriorhodopsin. In the SDS denaturation, bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane was more labile than bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into PC vesicles. These rather interesting results may be understood by effective SDS concentration in lipid layer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2002

To evaluate the effect of reed population on the distribution and activities of microorganisms, vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, degradation rate of cellulose, extracellular aminopeptidase activity (APA) and metabolic diversity based on GN2 Microlog plate were measured at two salt marsh stations in Hogok-ri, Namyang Bay, west coast of Korea. The number of heterotrophic bacteria at station 1 (reed population inhabited area) showed 2 to 6 times higher than that of station 2 (exposed area) with exception in the surface layer. Cellulose degradation rates in station 1 showed more than 50%. month-I and higher than that of station 2 (10.2 to 38.4%. $month^{-1}$). Yet the APA at two stations did not show difference except surface layer and suggested that APA might not be a significant factor in degrading marsh plant debris. Lipid class compounds, cell wall polymers and L-alanine were widely used by microorganisms. The number and activities of bacterial populations especially concerned in plant debris degradation seemed to be stimulated by the reed communities.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2003

건조김의 저장 중 품질 안정성에 미치는 저장조건에 관한 기초자료를 조사하기 위해 몇가지 광원, a$_{w}$ , 포장 및 온도의 영향을 시험하였다. 건조김의 주요 지방산 조성은 16:0(13.6%) 및 20:5(45.7%) 이었다. 건조김의 품질 안정성을 지방질 산화 및 chlorophyll 함량의 변화로 판단할 때, 건조김의 품질은 형광등 하에서 가장 악화되었고, 다음이 백열등, 암소저장 순 이었으며, 또한 a$_{w}$ 가 증가할수록, 저장온도가 높을수록 급격히 나빠지는 경향을 보였고 기체 및 광 차단 효과가 적은 포장지에 포장한 시료일수록 품질 안정성은 악화되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1989

Anatomical and histochemical changes taking place in Piper nigrum berries during their ripening are described. The important observations on the pericarp are the development of sclereids in the exocarp, a continuous band of oil cells in mesocarp and the wall thickening of the endocarpic cells. The mature seed with a single layer of seed coat, representing the innermost tegment layer, encloses abundant perisperm. The endosperm and embryo are situated laterally at the terminal part of the seed. The perisperm is distinguished into an outer protein-rich zone and inner starch-filled zone. Starch and protein are also deposited in the mature pericarpic tissue. Lipid bodies are seem in the form of oil globules in oil cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1985

취반(炊飯) 중의 가열반응(加熱反應)에 의하여 일어나는 주요 쌀성분(成分)의 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化) 및 휘발성(揮發性) carbonyl 화합물(化合物)의 생성(生成) 양상(樣相)을 쌀밥 및 누른밥으로 나누어 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 취반에 의한 가열반응(加熱反應) 결과 총(總)아미노산 및 유리아미노산 중의 몇 가지 아미노산이 감소되었으며 그 감소율은 유리아미노산에서 더 높았고, 환원당 역시 감소되었다. 또한 유지획분에 있어서 구성지방산 조성(組成)의 경미한 변화, 요오드가(價)의 감소, 지방산(價)의 증가 등을 주목할 수 있었다. 한편 휘발성향기성분에서 carbonyl 화합물을 분리하여 GC, GC-MS, TLC 방법에 따라 잠정적으로 8개의 carbonyls을 확인하였고(4개는 완전히 동정(同定)함) 이들의 조성을 비교하였다. 전반적으로 쌀밥보다는 누른밥에서 이와 같은 화학적 변화가 심하였고 쌀밥과 누른밥의 주요 휘발성 carbonyl 화합물 조성도 상이(相異)하였다. 그리고 이러한 취반과정에서는 변화와 관련되는 가열반응(加熱反應) mechanism을 아울러 검토하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.936-949
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• 2018

Changes in microbial community and physicochemical traits of chicken summer sausage made from spent layer thigh added with different level (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/w) of ground chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum) during manufacture were analyzed. The microbial community was profiled and analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq. Samples were taken from raw sausage batter, after 15 h of fermentation, 8 h of cooking including cooling down, and 7 d of drying. The final pH of the sausage was reduced by the addition of ground chopi. However, no clear effect on water activity was observed. Ground chopi inhibited the development of red curing color after fermentation as it exhibited antimicrobial effect. However, the effect on species richness and microbial composition after cooking was unclear. Ground chopi delayed lipid oxidation during manufacture and the effect was dependent on the addition level. Fermentation reduced the species richness with a dominancy of lactic acid bacteria. The profile of microbiota in the raw batter was different from other stages, while the closest relationship was observed after cooking and drying. Proteobacteria was predominant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in raw samples. Firmicutes became dominating after fermentation and so forth, whereas other predominant phylum decreased. At genus level, unclassified Lactobacillales was the most abundant group found after fermentation and so forth. Therefore, the overall microbial composition aspects were mainly controlled during fermentation by the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while bacterial counts and lipid oxidation were controlled by cooking and the addition of ground chopi.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) between patients with incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) and normal controls and to analyze the changes in tear film LLT and blinking pattern after silicone tube intubation in NLDO patients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 68 eyes in 52 incomplete NLDO patients who underwent silicone tube intubation from January 2017 to July 2017. The LLT, blinking pattern, and Meibomian gland image were measured with the LipiView II ocular surface interferometer. The Meibomian gland drop-out ratio was measured using the polygon selection tool in the Image J program. Tear meniscus height, which is the other lacrimal indicator, was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: Tear meniscus height was significantly decreased after silicone tube intubation (p < 0.01). Preoperative minimum, maximum, and average LLT values were $62.4{\pm}24.0$, $86.7{\pm}17.9$, and $71.7{\pm}23.3nm$, respectively. Significant changes in the minimum, maximum, and average LLT ($74.8{\pm}23.6$, $98.8{\pm}11.0$, and $91.6{\pm}16.1nm$, respectively) were observed after silicone tube intubation (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001). The partial blinking/total blinking ratio in 20 seconds and the Meibomian gland drop-out ratio showed no significant change after silicone tube intubation. Conclusions: Overall, the LLT was increased after silicone tube intubation. Silicone tube intubation may be helpful in maintaining LLT with a normalized of amount of tears.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1120-1129
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the protective efficacy of Buddha's Temple (BT) extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in Gallus gallus chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1) and its effects on the cell lipid metabolism. Methods: In this experimental study, Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells were pretreated with BT 10^-7 for 24 hours, followed by their six-hour exposure to t-BHP (100 μM). Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) assays were performed, and the growth curve was computed. The intracellular gene expression changes caused by BT extract were confirmed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Flow cytometry, oil red O staining experiment, and thin-layer chromatography were performed for the detection of intracellular metabolic mechanism changes. Results: The WST-8 assay results showed that the BT pretreatment of Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cell increased their cell survival rate by 1.08%±0.04%, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 0.93%±0.12% even after exposure to oxidants, and stabilized mitochondrial activity by 1.37%±0.36%. In addition, qPCR results confirmed that the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TICAM1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were regulated, which contributed to cell stabilization. Thin-layer chromatography and oil red O analyses showed a clear decrease in the contents of lipid metabolites such as triacylglycerol and free fatty acids. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the examined BT extract exerted selective protective effects on Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells against cell damage caused by t-BHP, which is a strong oxidative inducer. Furthermore, we established that this extract significantly reduced the intracellular ROS accumulation due to oxidative stress, which contributes to an increase in poultry production and higher incomes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2003

Citrus reticulata 감과 과피조직 내에서 탈리를 전후하여 신속하게 진행되는 특정 미세구조의 분화양상을 전자현미경적으로 연구하였다. 특히, 색소체 전환이 진행되어 뚜렷한 외과피층을 이루는 후각세포 내에서 일어나는 미세소기관 분해물질의 형성 및 특성에 초점을 두어 연구하였다. 색 변화가 수반된 발달 중의 외과피 유세포들은 세포벽이 비후되면서 1차공역이 잘 발달하는 후각세포로 분화하며, 대부분의 색소체는 유색체로 전환되어 티라코이드는 거의 소실되고 지질입자를 다량 함유하는 불규칙적인 형태로 변형되었다. 이때 세포막이나 액포막에서는 국부적으로 형성된 수많은 소낭들이 집적되어 세포질 내부로 이동하였고, 세포간 1차공역에 발달하는 원형질연락사를 통한 소낭의 집적현상 또한 빈번히 일어났다. 집적된 소낭들은 융합되어 전자밀도가 높은 구형 또는 일정한 형태가 없는 구조(EDB)로 되며, 이동하여 엽록체, 미토콘드리아 등의 주요 세포소기관을 점차 포위하였다. 소액포들은 융합하여 거대액포가 되며, 세포질 및 EDB에 포위된 소기관들은 점차 분해되기 시작하였다. EDB는 리파제 확인실험에 의해 지질성 물질로 이루어진 구조로 확인되었다. 과피발달 초기에 선행된 중과피 분화는 세포 내에서 급격히 진행된 용해현상에 의해 수많은 소액포들로 이루어진 거대한 세포 공강을 형성하며 밀착되어 불규칙적인 세포벽과 함께 해면성으로 되었다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 감과가 식물체에서 분리되기 직전에서부터 탈리 후까지 일어나는 과피의 발달 및 노화현상을 추적하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 1983

잠사업(蠶絲業)의 부산물(副産物)인 잠용의 총지질함량(總脂質含量)은 35.37%(건물비(乾物比))로, diethyl ether-extract 34.47%, 85% methanol-extract 0.90%였다. Diethyl ether-extract부분에는 중성지질(中性脂質)이 96.07%, 당지질(糖脂質)이 2.89%, 인지질(燐脂質)이 1.04%였으나, 85% methanol-extract부분에는 중성지질(中性脂質)이 47.36%, 당지질(糖脂質)이 14.56%, 인지질(燐脂質)이 38.09%였다. Diethylether-extract부분의 중성지질(中性脂質)에서는 triglyceride(71.43%), free fatty acid(12.72%) 및 esterified sterol(8.12%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었으며, 85% methanol-extract부분의 중성지질(中性脂質)에서는 free fatty acid(38.46%), triglyceride(34.21%) 및 free sterol(11.05%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었고 esterified sterol은 존재치 않았다. Diethyl ether-extract에서는 5종류, 85% methanol-extract에서는 8종류의 당지질(糖脂質)이 검출(檢出)되었다. Diethyl ether-extract중의 인지질(燐脂質)은 phosphatidyl glycerol(41.01%), phosphatidyl choline(28.24%) 및 phosphatidyl ethanolamine(21.29%)이 주요구성지질이었으며 phosphatidyl inositol은 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 85% methanol-extract중의 인지질(燐脂質)은 phosphatidyl glycerol(48.38%), phosphatidyl inositol(22.81%) 및 phosphatidyl choline(17.86%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었다. 총지질(總脂質)의 주요 지방산(脂肪酸)은 oleic acid(33.53%), linolenic acid(30.47%) 및 palmitic acid(23.12%)였고, 전체 지방산중 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)은 71.02%였으며 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)은 35.75%였다.