• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.449-455
• /
• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the quality and potential of DHEA formation after the addition of diosgenin of yam(Dioscorea spp.) during the fermentation of soybean paste. All samples were divided into three groups based on the variety of yam. In sample A, the soy source was not separated from soybean paste and in sample B, the soybean source was separated from soybean paste. The range in salt concentration in the samples was as follows : sample A: 10.5~11.8%, samples B: 7.9~8.8%. However, no substantial differences between the two samples, in terms of salt content, were observed. The crude protein and crude lipid content were found to decrease with the fermentation time of soybean paste(passage of 30 days: 26.4~32.3% and 4.45~5.90%, passage of 60 days: 24.5~28.5% and 3.95~4.90%, respectively). As the fermentation time of soybean paste increased, the nitrogen from amino compounds increased(passage of 30 days: 531.9~687.7 mg%, passage of 60 days: 551.3~706.8 mg%). In regards to color and preference, sample B, where the soy source was separated from soybean paste, was better than sample A, where the two components were not separated. After a soybean paste fermentation time of 60 days, the diosgenin of yam, which was added to the soybean paste, was not detected in tested samples, and the contents of DHEA formation in soybean paste were as follows: sample A: $488.0\pm42.5{\sim}719.3\pm44.8{\mu}g/g$, sample B: $287.3\pm20.6{\sim}482.7{\pm}36.5{\mu}g/g$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.592-596
• /
• 1992

This study was undertaken to analyze proximate compositions, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids of Angelica keiskei Koidz. The contents of raw leaf and stem juice were compared with those of aerial whole plant. The aerial whole plant was relatively rich in crude fiber. The leaf juice was rich in lipid, protein, minerals, vitamins and amino acids whereas the stem juice was rich only in sugar and some kinds of fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.635-639
• /
• 1995

Digestibility trial was performed with carps weighing 200 g/fish. Fecal collection was made over 7 days using a settling column. The water temperature was in the range of 27 to $30{^{\circ}C}$ during whole experimental period. Fishes were fed 5 diets (Control, $F_{24}S_{13}$, $F_{16}S_{27}$, $F_8S_{40}$ and $F_0S_{56}$) containing both 32%, 24%, 16%, 8% and 0% of fish meal (F) and 0%, 13%, 27%, 40% and 56% of roasted full-fat soybean (S), respectively. Water volume in each recirculated rearing tank was maintained at 130 l with flow rate of 10-12 l/min. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, lipid, total carbohydrates and energy in diets showed a reduction (p < 0.05) with the increase of dietary full-fat soybean level, although there was no difference in the ADCs between Control and $F_{24}S_{13}$ (p > 0.05). The ADCs of ash, Ca and P in diets significantly increased with the increase of dietary full-fat soybean level, suggesting the high availability of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2009

The identification of volatile constituents in foods is important in creating flavor compounds to improve the flavor of foods. This study was conducted to identify the flavor compounds in soybean sprouts cultivated with 4 different types of soybean seeds. A total of 52 flavor compounds were identified and composed mainly of alcohols (16), aldehydes (17), ketones (10), acids (2), furans (2), and miscellaneous compounds (5). Sprouts cultivated with Dawonkong and Orialtae showed 46 flavor compounds whereas Pungsannamulkong and Nokchaekong was 49 and 50. In total flavor compounds contents, Orialtae was the highest (19.3 mg/kg RC) and followed by Pungsannamulkong (15.83 mg/kg RC), Dawonkong (13.2 mg/kg RC), and Nokchaekong (11.3 mg/kg RC) in that order. Two groups including alcohols and aldehydes were detected high amounts in which their ratio were analyzed 32% and 51% in total flavor contents, respectively. It may be responsible for flavor in soybean sprouts. In case each flavor compound content, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde was detected the major compound and hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and hexanal that the main compounds in lipid oxidation of soybean products were identified the main volatile flavor compounds in soybean sprouts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.1499-1505
• /
• 2007

Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) is a reactive oxidant formed from superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;O_2-$) and nitric oxide (NO), which can oxidize cellular components such as essential protein, non-protein thiols, DNA, low-density lipoproteins and membrane phospholipids. ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ have contributed to the pathogenesis of diseases such as stroke, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Because of damaging effects of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ oxidants, Vespae Nidus, which has been known to strengthen the kidneys to preserve the vital energy. was tested as a potential specific scavenger of those oxidants. In this study, the viability of Vespae Nidus (1, 10, 50 g/ml) to scavenge ${\cdot}\;O_2-$, NO, $ONOO^-$ and so to protect cells against tert-butylhydroxyperoxide (t-BHP) induced cell death was tested. The levels of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ were detected by staining with DCFH-DA and DHR 123, respectively. Protein expression levels of COX-2, iNOS and $NF{-\kappa}B$ were assayed by western blot. Vespae Nidus blocked t-BHP-induced cell death in a dose-dependent fashion. Vespae Nidus inhibited t-BHP-induced production of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$, NO and $ONOO^-$ in YPEN cells. The lipid peroxide level was increased and glutathione level was decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ICR mouse, whereas the ones in the Vespae Nidus-administered group were regulated beneficially. Vespae Nidus inhibited the expression of COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB (p65 and p50) genes in LPS-treated ICR mouse. The present study suggests that Vespae Nidus is a powerful antioxidant and promotes cellular defense activity by scavenging the toxic oxidants such as ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acorn powder and starch on the blood parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of acorns were $37.99{\pm}0.37%$, $1.61{\pm}0.06%$, $4.36{\pm}0.18%$ and $3.22{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. Acorn powder and starch contains antioxidant minerals such as selenium and zinc. The iron content was significantly higher in acorn powder than in acorn starch (p<0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was $148.50{\pm}29.72mg/dL$ in the high-fat starch diet (HFS) group, while in the high-fat diet (HF) group it was $201.50{\pm}39.15mg/dL$ (p<0.05). Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HFS group ($50.50{\pm}10.79mg/dL$) than in the HF group ($62.00{\pm}20.85mg/dL$; p<0.05). The serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels in mice were not significantly different between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the HFP group than other groups. There is a need for strong recognition that acorns are good ingredients worldwide. It is required to develop various products using acorn powder and starch powder. There is also a need for a strategy to globalize food using acorns.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2004

A peroxynitrite is formed when superoxide and nitric oxide exist at near eqimolar ratio in biological systems. Although not a free radical by chemical nature, peroxynitrite is a powerful oxidant having a wide array of tissue damaging effects ranging from lipid oxidation and inactivation of enzymes and ion channels through protein oxidation and nitration to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. During our search for new antioxidizing components from natural resources, twenty salt marsh plants were screened for their ONOO and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Among them, methanol extract of Rosa rugosa, lxeris tamagawaensis, Erigeron annus, Tetragonia tetragonoides, Imperata cylindrica, and Suaeda japonica inhibited more than 85% of peroxynitrite produced by 3-morpholinsydnonimine (SIN-1) at a concentration of 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. In addition, Rosa rugosa, Artemisia capillaris, Erigeron annus and Ixeris tamagawaensis showed significant scavenging effect against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2010

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder that's characterized by accumulation of surfactant components in the alveolar space. Idiopathic PAP is recognized as an autoimmune disease that's due to impaired alveolar macrophage function and this caused by autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We report here a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that was deemed interstitial lung disease at the initial diagnosis. A 61-year-old man presented with intermittent blood tinged sputum and dyspnea on exertion. The man was a painter for 30 years and he had a 10 pack-years smoking history. Chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed multifocal ground-glass opacity with interstitial thickening at both lungs. His pulmonary function tests and methacholine test revealed non specific results. He was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease on the basis of the chest CT finding and occupational history. However, seven months later, his symptoms progressed. Follow-up chest CT was performed. Wedge resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (the anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe) was done. Microscopic examination showed large groups of alveoli with excessive amounts of surfactant and a complex mixture of protein and lipid (fat) molecules. Finally, he was diagnosed as having pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2001

The interaction of cytochrome c with binary phospholipid mixtures was investigated by solid-state $^2H$- and $^{31}P$-NMR. To examine the effect of the interaction on the glycerol backbones, the glycerol moieties of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cardioliph (CL) were specifically deuterated. On the binding of cytochrome c to the binary mixed bilayers, no changes in the quadrupole splittings of each of the components were observed for the PC/PG, PE/CL and PE/PG liposomes. In contrast, the splittings of CL decreased on binging of protein to the PC/CL liposomes, although those of PC did not change at all. This showed that cytochrome c specifically interacts with CL in PC/CL bilayers, and penetrates into the lipid bilayer to some extent so as to perturb the dynamic structure of the glycerol backbone. This is distinctly different from the mode of interaction of cytochrome c with other binary mixed bilayers. In the $^{31}P$-NMR spectra, line broadening and a decrease of the chemical shift anisotropy were observed on the binding of cytochrome c for all binary mixed bilayers that were examined. These changes were more significant for the PC/CL bilayers. Furthermore, the line broadening is more significant for PC than for CL in PC/CL bilayers. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the polar head groups, not only CL but also PC are involved in the interaction with cytochrome c.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.980-985
• /
• 2000

Influences of Japanese green tea powder (GTP) supplementation to commercial diet on laying performance and egg quality were studied by using 60 laying hens. The experimental diet with or without 0.6% GTP was given ad libitum to the birds during the period from 6 to 71 weeks of age. The birds started egg production from 21 wk of age regardless GTP feeding. Body weight, feed intake, egg weight tended to decrease with GTP supplementation, while egg production rate tended to increase. Haugh unit score was significantly increased with GTP, which accompanied with the increased albumen height. These were observed almost throughout the laying period over 50 wk. Gel proportion in thick albumen was decreased as storage time is prolonged, then higher values of the gel proportion were recorded in the eggs from GTP group. Thick albumen of the eggs from GTP-fed layers had more carbohydrate than that from control layers. All these indicate physical stability of thick albumen in the eggs from GTP group. Thiobarbituric acid content of egg yolk tended to remain lower in the eggs from GTP group during 5-10 days of storage at room temperature. Levels of egg yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid were significantly reduced by GTP feeding. There were no significant differences in eggshell weight, shell thickness and shell strength between the two groups. Thyroid gland and liver from hens slaughtered at 71 wk of age did not differ in weight irrespective of GTP feeding. The present results suggest that GTP could modify components of edible part of egg, leading to the characteristics favourable to consumers such as high durability of thick albumen and less cholesterol in yolk, without altering general performance of the layers throughout this year round experiment.