• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The Dongui Bogam in My Hand', which is an output of computerizing Donguibogam (Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine), is an interim outcome of the research project led by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. This study examined the process in which Donguibogam, a record in Chinese and a classic of Oriental medicine, expanded into a modern content. Methods : This study will classify the modernization of Donguibogam into three 'contents' that form Donguibogam, 'container' that will hold the contents, and 'community' that is the consumer of Donguibogam. Towards the end, this study will sketch out the status of computerizing Chinese records in Korea, and point out the reality faced by computerization of ancient documents on Oriental medicine as well as the direction for the future. Results : 'The Dongui Bogam in My Hand' has been downloaded more than 10,000 times for 4 months since it releases in August 2014, and is used for at least 6,000 times on average every month. This achievement can be due to the two following reasons. First, the application contains high-quality contents such as the original text of Donguibogam as well as Korean and English translations. Second, it satisfied the needs of Donguibogam users with (1) the Browse function that well displays the table of contents, (2) the Search function that separates the title from the main text, and (3) the Personalization function designed to link and share relevant knowledge. Conclusions : Computerization of Chinese records was triggered by the request of the academia, but it was accelerated after being selected as a public laboring project to overcome the IMF crisis. However, computerization of ancient documents is not a simple task but a field of study to modernize classical knowledge. The success or failure of computerization of Chinese records is determined by whether high-quality modern 'contents' are secured, whether the 'container' design adequately implements the search, browse and link functions, and how well it fulfills the needs of the consumer 'community'.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.989-1000
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• 2022

Agricultural operations are performed in uneven environments by attaching an implement on the 3-point hitch of a tractor. A high load is thus placed on the 3-point hitch, and fatigue and failure of the hitch may occur during agricultural operations. In this study, a dynamic simulation model was developed to predict the load occurring on the eyebolt of a 3-point hitch, which is the main damaged component. The simulation model was developed and validated using agricultural data as simulation input and validation data. The dynamics model was developed using the specifications of a 78 kW class tractor. A measurement system was constructed to measure the simulation input and validation data. The simulation model was validated using a traction load on an eye bolt, which was measured during plow tillage operation. The measurement results showed that the average traction load on the left and right lower link and the top link were 8,099.97, 4,943.06, and 636.11 N, respectively. The simulation results and the measured traction load on the left eyebolt were respectively 610.30 and 597.15 N. The simulation results and measured traction load on the left eyebolt were respectively 1,179.78, and 1,145.06 N. The error between the simulation and measurement data was roughly 2% on the left eyebolt and 3% on the right eyebolt.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.26-37
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• 2016

The core technologies of the current transport network are OAM and protection switching to meet the sub-50ms protection switching time via a path redundancy when a link or node failure occurs. The transport networks owned by public network operators, central/local governments, and major enterprises are individually configured and managed with service resiliency in each own protected sub-network. When such networks are cascaded, it is also important to provide a node resiliency between two protected sub-networks. However, the linear protection switching in packet transport networks, such as MPLS-TP and Carrier Ethernet, does not define a solution of dual node interconnection. Although Ethernet ring protection switching covers the dual node interconnection scheme, a large amount of duplicated data frames may be flooded when a failure occurs on an adjacent (sub) ring. In this paper, we suggest a dual node interconnection scheme with linear protection switching technology in multiple protected sub-networks. And we investigate how various protected sub-network combinations with a proposed linear or ring protection process impact the service resiliency of multiple protected sub-networks through extensive experiments on link and interconnected node failures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea has been trying to spread integrated railway communication network technologies based on a major railway policy since 2012. As a result, the world's first commercial Long-Term Evolution - Railway (LTE-R) network was established on the Gangneung line (Manjong station - Gangneung station) and has been commercially operating as a railway communication system since 2017. Special function and performance requirements are needed for safe and efficient railway operations, such as group calls, emergency calls, functional addressing, and train control based on wireless communications. In this paper, we present functional and performance railway communications requirements that are based on European wireless railway communications systems. In addition, we measured communications characteristics and performance using a KTX field test on the Gangneung line to analyze the validity and reliability of the LTE-R network. Although the average Radio Frequency (RF) conditions were satisfied in the requirements, we found sudden communications quality degradation, such as Radio Link Failure (RLF) in some railway sections. We propose a way to improve performance and network installations based on in-depth analysis of LTE-R communications field-test results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.1313-1329
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• 2015

In MANET, frequent route breaks lead to repeated route discovery process and this increases control packet overhead and packet drop. AODV-I improves performance of AODV by using the event driven approach which removes periodic Hello message. Unlike the Hello message, Interrupt message which is sent for each event can detect and predict the link failure because it allows node to know the status of the neighbor node. From this characteristics of Interrupt message, performance of AODV-I can be further improved by adding a processing procedures for each type of Interrupt message and it is also possible to improve AODV-I by adding the Backup path scheme because it originally has problems due to a single path of AODV. In this paper, we propose AODV-IB that combines improved Backup path scheme and Interrupt message approach of AODV-I in order to reduce transmission delay and the number of route discoveries. AODV-IB improves AODV-I by adding proper processing procedures for the link failure prediction and detection for each Interrupt message. We also implement improved Backup path strategy in AODV-IB by minimizing delay without additional Control packet. Simulation results, using the simulator QualNet 5.0, indicate that proposed AODV-IB performs better than AODV-I.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2012

In humans, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was shown to be inversely related to obesity; in addition, its association with contributing factors for obesity such as insulin, lipids, and glucose profiles has been demonstrated in the literature. However, this association between NT-proBNP and the severity of obesity has not been investigated in veterinary medicine. Our study hypothesis is that plasma levels of NT-proBNP may be related to body condition score (BCS) and contributing factors to obesity in dogs with heart diseases. To achieve our study goal, we collected blood samples from 73 client-owned dogs of small breeds at different stages of heart failure due to chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI). Fasting glucose concentrations, lipid profiles (i.e., total triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), fructosamine, insulin and NT-proBNP concentrations were measured. The insulin/glucose ratio was also determined. NT-proBNP showed not only a significant correlation with the severity of CMVI related heart failure but also an inverse relationship to body condition scores (BCS), insulin plasma levels and fructosamine concentrations. We found the presence of an inverse relationship between plasma levels of NT-proBNP and the severity of obesity. In addition, NT-proBNP was associated with lower levels of contributing factors to obesity such as fructosamine and insulin, creating a possible link between the obesity and NT-proBNP in dogs with heart disease. This is also the first report demonstrating an inverse association between obesity and NT-proBNP in dogs with heart failure.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.4 s.346
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• pp.22-30
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• 2006

In this paper, the goal of our proposed algorithm is to reduce link -failure and route failure caused by dead nodes which consume all of the battery life. I propose an algorithm which provides a ability of changing mutes to neighbor nodes before some of intermediate nodes be shutting don to get the stable route maintenance. To achieve this goal, The proposed routing algerian uses additional new messages to check energy status for monitoring energy of neighbor nodes and to change the path to a neighbor node. From extensive simulations, results show that possibility of cut-offs and time-delay cause of packet-loss have been decreased and also the improvement of transmission effectiveness.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.3 s.113
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• pp.267-276
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• 2007

In OSPF, the larger and more unstable the area, the greater the likelihood for performance problems associated with routing protocol recalculation. Generally, an area should have no more than 50 routers. Areas with unstable links should be smaller. Military tactical data network is used for military operations during war-time. It consists of wireless network for mobility of node. Thus, it has low-bandwidth and unstable property. In addition, it is expected that many kinds of router-failure, Link-failure and recovery at emergency period. However, Military tactical data network is designed with about one and half times the number of recommendation. This paper proves that the traffic is limited by the increase of re-calculation of area.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2000

Replicated data that is used for fault tolerant distributed system requires replica control protocol to maintain data consistency. The one of replica control protocols is quorum consensus method which accesses replicated data by getting majority approval. If site failure or communication link failure occurs and any one can't get quorum consensus, it degrades the availability of data managed by quorum consensus protocol. So it needs for ghost to replace the failed site. Because ghost is not full replica but process which has state information using meta data, it is important to simplify meta data. In order to maintain availability and simplify meta data, we propose a method to use cohort set as ghost's meta data. The proposed method makes it possible to organize meta data in 2N+logN bits and to have higher availability than quorum consensus only with cohort set and dynamic linear voting protocol. Using Markov model we calculate proposed method's availability to analyze availability and compare it with existing protocols.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

In Wireless Sensor Network, transmission errors are frequently occurred due to the node failure, battery discharge, and interference by objects. Although Directed Diffusion has been considered as a prominent Data-centric routing algorithm, it revealed some weaknesses at this kind of unexpected network errors. In order to address the problem, we proposed a radio-aware routing algorithm for improving reliability of Directed Diffusion in Wireless Sensor Networks. The proposed algorithm is aware of the network status based on the radio information of MAC and PHY layers using a cross-layer approach. The link quality and the node failure information from the acquired network status were used to decide an alternative path to provide a reliable data transmission in error-prone sensor networks. The proposed algorithm showed its effectiveness of the data delivery rate and data ratio with several simulations consisting of various error rates and the number of nodes.