• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.318-322
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• 1997

Lingual thyroid is the term applied to a mass of ectopic thyroid tissue located on the base of the tongue in the midline. It may be found anywhere between the circumvallate papillae and the epiglottis. It is believed to be caused by developmental anomalies involving the descent of the embryologic gland anlage from its position posterior to the tuberculum impar to its normal pretracheal location between week 3 and week 7 of embryologic development. Differential diagnosis of the lingual thyroid would include lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, vallecular cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, epidermal cyst, lymphoma. Lingual thyroid is found in approximately 1 in 100,000 people, and affected individuals have no other thyroid tissue in 70% to 100% of cases. Recently, we have experienced a case of lingual thyroid with mild dysphagia in a 48-year-old male. Now we report the case with literature review.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.485-487
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• 2008

Ectopic thyroid is not common disease and double ectopic thyroid is rare. Until January of 2008, dual ectopic thyroid has been reported only 23 cases in international literatures. Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate scan is playing an important role in the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid. In most of the cases, dual lingual thyroid tissues could be detected as two radiotracer uptake foci. We report a case of dual lingual thyroid mimicking mono-lingual thyroid in the anterior view of thyroid scan. Lateral view helped in this case to detect the dual lingual thyroid. With lateral view, the anatomical position and relationship could be examined in more detail.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 1969

A case of lingual thyroid in 10 years old girl is presented with the use of radioactive iodine ($^{113}I$) and the scintigram for the diagnostic evaluation. A brief review of literature on the incidence, etiology and-development, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of the lingual thyroid was done.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1996

A 17 month-old girl presented in the pediatric clinic on November 27th, 1990 with a neck mass. The mass was 2 cm in diameter, firm in consistency and movable on the upper pole of the thyroid cartilage in the midline. The technetium thyroid scan showed a hot reactivity at the compatible site of the mass, but no other radioactivity in either site of the normal thyroid positions. At her second visit on January 23th, 1996, the mass had enlarged up to 3.5cm in diameter in the same location of the neck. The follow up thyroid scan revealed a walnut sized, snowman-like radioactivity. One of the snowman-like double images seemed to be a lingual ectopic thyroid and the other a midline ectopic thyroid remnant in the infrahyoid level. This interpretation was supported by the computed tomography of the neck, which showed a ligual mass in the foramen cecum area and an another mass in the anterior comis-sure of the larynx in the mildline. Thyroid function test was normal except a slightly increased TSH. As a result of this changing pattern of thyroid radioactive images, a case of a lingual thyroid as well as another midline ectopic thyroid tissue at the infrahyoid level is reported.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

The authors recently experienced a case of ectopic thyroid. A 15-year-old female patient visited to ENT department with the complaint of the submental neck mass. On physical examination, the mass was relatively firm, non tender and 3$\times$2cm in size. Oral cavity examination revealed 0.5$\times$0.5cm sized pink colored mass near the foramen cecum area. Suspecting ectopic thyroid, thyroid function test, thyroid scan, neck computed tomogram scan were performed. Thyroid scan revealed a functioning thyroid on the lingual and submental area without normal uptake in the anterior neck area. Thyroid (unction test was normal. Pre-contrast computed tomogram scan revealed an ectopic thyroid in the lingual and submental area. A review of literature concerning ectopic thyroid was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

Abnomalities in the embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland can result in ectopic thyroid tissue, which may occur on the midline in any position from the base of the tongue to the mediastinum. Although ectopic thyroid may be asymptomatic, local obstructive, hemorrhagic or other complication may occur. Radinuclide thyroid scan is confirmatory when the diagnosis is suspected. Hypothyroidism is common in lingual thyroid, and thyroid supplementation is generally required. In order to evaluate the features of ectopic thyroid, we investigated the scintigraphic findings, thyroid function test and clinical symptoms of 19 patients with ectopic thyroid. 1) Th frequency of ectopic thyroid was about 5.3 times more common in female than in male. Then patients were mostly below 30 years old (79%). 2) The frequency of location of ectopic thyroid were as follows: 10 cases in the tongue base, 1 case in suprahyoid, 5 cases in infrahyoid and 3 cases over 2 areas. 3) The thyroid function test was done in 16 cases of the ectopic thyroid patients. The hypothyroidism was detected in 7 cases, subclinical hypothyroidism in 4 cases and normal thyroid function in 5 cases. 4) The rate of hypothyroidism is 90% in the lingual thyroid and 33% in the others. The thyroid dysfunction was related with the location of the ectopic thyroid (p < 0.05). 5) The clinical manifestations include a mass in the tongue base, the foreignbody sensation of a throat and a swallowing difficulty in lingual thyroid. The palpable mass was the chief complaint in the others. 6) We prescribed the thyroid hormone to 10 cases with hypothyroidism. The ectopic thyroid was removed in 2 cases with normal thyroid function. The rest is following up through OPD. We must consider the possibility of the ectopic thyroid and take the thyroid scan when the patient has a mass in the tongue base, the sublingual and the prelaryngeal area. Then we have to check the thyroid function and follow up when the ectopic thyroid is diagnosed, because the patient with normal thyroid function can result in the hypothyroidism. Except these, we must mind of the possibility of occurence of the cancer in the ectopic thyroid tissue.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-134
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• 2012

Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon embryologic aberration characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue in a site other than its usual pre-tracheal location. Dual ectopic thyroid is extremely rare, only few cases have been reported in the literature. Physical examination, laboratory test and radiologic examinations are usually performed for the diagnosis and therapeutic plan of dual ectopic thyroid. We report a 36-year old female with dual ectopic thyroid in lingual and hyoid regions but without thyroid tissue in its normal area. The diagnosis was made through pathologic examination after surgical resection.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1972.11a
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• pp.66.3-66.3
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• 1972

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1969.12a
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• pp.5.1-5.1
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• 1969

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a very rare congenital anomaly in which one thyroid lobe fails to develop. The cause of thyroid hemiagenesis is still unknown. The true prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis is not known, but it is estimated to be from 0.05% to 0.2% in normal children. Thyroid hemiagenesis is common in female with the left lobe being absent. The common disease in the remaining lobe is hyperthyroidism, benign adenoma, a toxic multinodular goiter, chronic thyroiditis, primary myxedema, and rarely carcinoma. Tc-99m pertechnate scintigraphy, ultrasonography and computerized tomography can be used to confirm this anomaly. Here we report three cases with left lobe agenesis. Two of them were euthyroid state while the other hypothyroid patient had a ectopic lingual thyroid.