• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2010

교정치료에 있어서 고정원은 진단 및 치료계획에서부터 치료 종료 단계까지 항상 염두에 두어야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적으로 고정원의 조절을 위하여 차등력, 차등모멘트, 구내 고정원, 구외 고정원 등의 다양한 방법들이 사용되어져 왔다. 그러나 이러한 방법들은 원치 않는 치아의 이동이 발생할 수 있고 환자의 협조도가 필요하다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 환자의 협조도나 주변 치아에 의존하지 않는 골격성 고정원(skeletal anchorage)이 전통적인 방법들의 단점을 극복할 수 있는 대안으로 제시되었다. 골격성 고정원의 종류로는 implant, onplant, miniplate, miniscrew 등이 있다. 이 중에서 miniscrew는 환자의 협조도 감소, 술식의 간편성, 저렴한 비용, 식립부위의 다양성 등의 장점을 가지고 있어 교정치료 시 유용하게 이용될 수 있다. 본 증례는 이소성 맹출 경로를 보이는 상악 견치와 매복된 하악 견치의 견인, 정출된 상악 전치의 압하에 miniscrew를 이용하여 양호한 결과를 보였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.163-178
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical factors affecting the longevity of fixed retainers and the influence of fixed retainers on periodontal health in periodontitis patients. Methods: In total, 52 patients with at least 2 years of follow-up after periodontal and orthodontic treatment were included in this study. After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances or clear aligners was performed. Fixed retainers with twist-flex stainless steel wires were bonded to the palatal or lingual sides of anterior teeth. Changes in clinical parameters, including the plaque index, gingival index, calculus index (CI), probing pocket depth, and radiographic bone levels, were evaluated before bonding of fixed retainers and at a 12-month follow-up. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) for retainer failure were evaluated according to sex, site, CI, stage of periodontitis, and the severity of the irregularity with the log-rank test and hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Twelve months after bonding of fixed retainers, improvements were observed in all clinical parameters except CI and radiographic bone gain. The overall CSR of the retainers with a CI <1 at the 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers was significantly higher than that of the retainers with a CI ≥1 at the 12-month follow-up (log-rank test; P<0.001). Patients with stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis had a higher multivariate HR for retainer failure (5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-23.91; P=0.026) than patients with stage I (grade A or B) periodontitis. Conclusions: Although fixed retainers were bonded in periodontitis patients, periodontal health was well maintained if supportive periodontal treatment with repeated oral hygiene education was provided. Nonetheless, fixed retainer failure occurred more frequently in patients who had stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis or a CI ≥1 at 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the clinical effects of different types of bone-anchored maxillary protraction devices by using a network meta-analysis. Methods: We searched seven databases for randomized and controlled clinical trials that compared bone-anchored maxillary protraction with tooth-anchored maxillary protraction interventions or untreated groups up to May 2021. After literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment, we calculated the mean differences, 95% confidence intervals, and surface under the cumulative ranking scores of eleven indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software with the GeMTC package based on the Bayesian framework. Results: Six interventions and 667 patients were involved in 18 studies. In comparison with the tooth-anchored groups, the bone-anchored groups showed significantly more increases in Sella-Nasion-Subspinale (°), Subspinale-Nasion-Supramentale(°) and significantly fewer increases in mandibular plane angle and the labial proclination angle of upper incisors. In comparison with the control group, Sella-Nasion-Supramentale(°) decreased without any statistical significance in all treated groups. IMPA (angle of lower incisors and mandibular plane) decreased in groups with facemasks and increased in other groups. Conclusions: Bone-anchored maxillary protraction can promote greater maxillary forward movement and correct the Class III intermaxillary relationship better, in addition to showing less clockwise rotation of mandible and labial proclination of upper incisors. However, strengthening anchorage could not inhibit mandibular growth better and the lingual inclination of lower incisors caused by the treatment is related to the use of a facemask.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.869-880
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference and relationship between the slope of articular eminence and the inclination of upper and lower incisor teeth, which are related to the functional stability of occlusion in mandibular protrusion, according to Ricketts' facial types, by the use of lateral cephalogram and SAM2 articulator in 68-adult normal occlusion without tooth missing, orthodontic treatment and occlusal equilibration. The results of this study were as follows : 1 . The angle of articular eminence slope to occlusal plane in brachyfacial type was steeper than that in dolichofacial type, but the angle of articular eminence slope to SN plane and FH plane was not different between facial types. 2. The upper incisor axis in dolichofacial type was steeper than that in brachyfacial type, but lingual surface slope of upper incisor was not different between facial types. 3. In all samples there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the lingual surface slope of upper incisor to SN plane and FH plane, and in mesofacial type there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the lingual surface slope of upper incisor to SN plane, FH plane and occlusal plane, and in brachyfacial type there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the lingual surface slope of upper incisor to occlusal plane. 4. In all samples there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the angle of Dc-Gn to SN plane, and in mesofacial type there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the angle of Dc-Gn to occlusal plane, and in brachyfacial type there was a positive correlation between the angle of articular eminence slope and the angle of Dc-Gn to SN plane and FH plane. 5. In all samples there was a positive correlation between the angle of Dc-Gn and the lingual surface slope of upper incisor to SN plane and FH plane, and in mesofacial type there was a positive correlation between the angle of Dc-Gn and the lingual surface slope of upper incisor to SN plane. 6. In all samples and facial types there was a negative correlation between MP to 1 axis and condylar incisal angle.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2010

Orthodontic treatment for middle-aged patients has become more commonplace with various reasons including improved socioeconomic status. Understanding of oral status and treatment modalities of middle-aged patients is mandatory for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning. This study investigated 100 consecutive patients aged 40s and 50s and 100 aged 20s who had been examined and diagnosed at the Department of Orthodontics, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Gender distribution showed female outnumbered male patients in young-aged adult patients, but middle-aged patients showed similar male and female distribution. 2. The major concern seeking orthodontic treatment was esthetics not only in young-aged but also in middle-aged adult patients, and a number of middle-aged patients were concerned about oral health as well. 3. Considerable number of middle-aged patients were referred by other dental specialties while young-aged adult patients were more self-motivated for orthodontic treatment. 4. Middle-aged adult patients had more missing teeth and periodontal disease than young-aged adults. 5. The most frequently-observed problem was dental spacing in middle-aged patients while dental crowding in young-aged adult patients. Middle-aged patients showed higher prevalence of deep overbite and overjet while most of young-aged adults presented opposite direction of problem in overbite and overjet. 6. Limited orthodontic treatment was required rather than comprehensive treatment in middle-aged patients, and the most common tooth moving area was anterior part of dentition in case of limited treatment. Need of interdisciplinary therapy with other dental specialties was more common in middle-aged patients. 7. Intervention of specific technique such as invisible TP, passive bracketing, passive wire bonding, and lingual orthodontics was more required in middle-aged patients. Considering that middle-aged patients have different characteristics than young-aged adults, the results of the present study suggest that different treatment modalities are required in middle-aged orthodontic patients in order to manage them properly and efficiently.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1990

This is to report a case of surgical and orthodontic of posterior scissor bite, deep bite and gummy smile by the segmental osteotomies. The surgical thechnics procedures used are Peterson's mandibular posterior segmental osteotomy, modified $K{\ddot{o}}le$ technic for mandibular anterior segment and Wunderer's maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy. The results are as follows : 1) Peterson's mandibular posterior segmental osteotomy could be achieved by the buccal approach with some difficulties in accessbility. 2) Upper and lower anterior segmental osteotomies were followed separately to correct the deep curve of Spee, deep bite and gummy smile in shortened period. 3) All alveolar segments were immobilized in preplanned position by the prefabricated palatal and lingual resin splint, therefore intermaxillary fixation was not necessary.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.607-618
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• 1993

If the centric prematurity occurs after orthodontic treatment, it creates centric slide regarded as a possible factor in the cause of temporomandibular disorder and/or postorthodontic relapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the manner of centric prematurity and centric slide in postorthodantic patients. The 36 orthodontic patients who had been treated with edgewise appliance at least 3 mouths previously were used in this study. After recording centric relation by the leaf gauge technique, the centric prematurity and centric slide were studied using SAM2 articulator and mandibular position indicator. The results were as follows : 1. The highest percentage of centric prematurities were found on the second molars. 2. The buccal incline of the palatal cusp was the most frequent area of centric prematurities in the maxilla, while the lingual incline of the buccal cusp was the most frequent area in the mandible. 3. There were no trends in the direction of centric slide on the mandibular position indicator. 4. There were no significant differences in centric discrepancies between the premolar extraction and nonextraction group.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Objective: We evaluated the detachment force, amount of deformation, fracture mode, and pull-out force of 3 different wires used for bonded lingual retainer fabrication. Methods: We tested 0.0215-inch five-stranded wire (PentaOne, Masel; group I), $0.016{\times}0.022$-inch dead-soft eight-braided wire (Bond-A-Braid, Reliance; group II), and 0.0195-inch dead-soft coaxial wire (Respond, Ormco; group III). To test detachment force, deformation, and fracture mode, we embedded 94 lower incisor teeth in acrylic blocks in pairs. Retainer wires were bonded to the teeth and vertically directed force was applied to the wire. To test pull-out force, wires were embedded in composite that was placed in a hole at the center of an acrylic block. Tensile force was applied along the long axis of the wire. Results: Detachment force and mode of fracture were not different between groups. Deformation was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I (p < 0.001). Mean pull-out force was significantly higher for group I compared to groups II and III (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Detachment force and fracture mode were similar for all wires, but greater deformations were seen in dead-soft wires. Wire pull-out force was significantly higher for five-stranded coaxial wire than for the other wires tested. Five-stranded coaxial wires are suggested for use in bonded lingual retainers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a novel method to evaluate the alveolar bone and interdental septum in the anterior mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six CBCT scans from adult patients were selected. The CBCT scans were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. The following measurements were taken: width of the alveolar bone and the interdental septum, height of the interdental septum, height of the bone plates, distance between the cementoenamel junction and marginal bone crests, and vertical positioning of the mandibular incisor, using the lingual plane as a reference. To test the reproducibility and the stability of the lingual plane, a triangle was traced in the anterior mandible. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to determine intra- and inter-examiner agreement. The paired Student t-test was used to evaluate the area of the triangle and the reproducibility of all measurements. Results: The ICC was excellent for the alveolar bone and dental measurements (0.9989 and 0.9977, respectively), as well as for the interdental septum (0.9987 and 0.9961, respectively). The area of the triangles showed stability in the lingual plane (P>0.05). For the alveolar bone, mandibular incisor, and interdental septum measurements, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 examiners(P>0.05), confirming the technical reliability of the measurements. Conclusion: The method used in this study provides a valid and reproducible assessment of alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior mandible measured on CBCT images.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

교정용 미니 임플랜트 고정원을 이용한 교정 치료가 보편화되며, SWA와 이를 이용한 on masse sliding retraction 은 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 치료법이 되었다. 그러나 고정원을 성공적으로 보존하려는 노력에 비해, 발치 공간 폐쇄시 전치부 치축 조절에 관여하는 요인에 대한 보고는 아직까지 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 제1소구치를 제거한 상악 치아와 치주 인대 그리고 치조골에 대한 3차원 유한요소 기준모델을 제작하였고, 제1대구치와 제2소구치 사이 주호선 10 mm 상방에 식립된 교정용 미니 임플랜트를 고정원으로 사용할 경우, 측절치-견치 사이의 견인 훅의 높이를 변화시키며 후상방 견인력을 가하거나, 주호선에 보상 만곡을 부여하는 것이 전치부 치축 조절에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 시뮬레이션 하였다. 또한 전치부 치축이 설측 경사된 모델을 같은 실험 조건으로 시뮬레이션 하여 발치 공간 페쇄 시 설측 경사된 전치부 치축을 유지하거나 개선할 수 있는 요인을 검토하였고, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 2 mm 높이의 견인 훅에 대하여 후상방으로 견인력을 가할 경우 발생하는 함입력으로 인하여 전치부 설측 경사가 더 감소되지는 않았다. 견인 훅의 높이가 5 mm인 경우 후상방 견인력을 가하면, 측절치의 치관 순측 및 치근 설측 이동이 일어나고, 견치의 비조절성 후방 경사 이동이 심화되었다. 4 mm의 보상 만곡은 측절치의 치관 순측 및 치근 설측 이동을 일으키고, 견치의 비조절성 후방 경사 이동을 감소시켰다. 또한 전치부가 설측 경사된 모델을 기준모델과 같은 실험 조건으로 시뮬레이션 한 경우 치근면의 응력 분포와 25000배 확대된 그래프 상에서의 치아 이동 양상은 매우 유사하였다 이상의 결과는 미니 임플랜트-SWA sliding 생역학을 구사 시 견인 훅의 위치와 와이어 상의 보상 만곡의 유무에 의해 전치부의 치축 조절이 달라지며 실제 임상에서 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라 수용자들의 적극적 인식도 심화되었다고 결론지을 수 있을 것이다. 신문이 일제의 지배방식에 순응해 독자들에게 내선일체와 전쟁협력을 강요했다는 역사적 평가를 듣게 만들었다.사되었으며 그 다음은 근 현대가 18편으로 26.47%, 중세 7편 10.3%, 선사시대 5편 7.35%, 상고시대가 1편으로 1.47%로 나타나 고대 중세, 근 현대 순으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.기인계 농약의 특징인 불안정성에 의해 광분해 및 미생물 분해를 통해 이미 분해가 진행 중이어서 본래의 유기인 화합물이 검출되지 않았을 가능성이 있다. 그리고 유기인계 농약이 완전히 분해되어 생성된 유기인계 농약 기원의 영양염류가 저수지 내로 많은 양이 유입된다면, 부영양화에 기여할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 농업용 저수지에서 유기인계 농약의 농도 분포는 물론이고 중간 생성물과 그 독성, 광분해 및 미생물 분해의 메커니즘, 그리고 최종 산물에 대한 연구가 필요하다.삭감율은 BOD의 경우 Scenario 1-1(처리용량 1,500 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 1-2 (처리용량 1,000 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 2(면적 4.2ha인 저류지)가 각각 연평균 6.9%, 4.8%, 7.1%의 감소를 보였다. TN은 4.7%, 3.4%, 13.4%의 삭감율을 나타내었으며, TP는 5.6%, 3.9%, 7.3%의 삭감율을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 적용하지 못하였으나, 인공습지와 저류지의 적절한 연계시스템을 적용한다면 저감시설 설치 부지면적과 비용의 감소뿐만 아니라 보다 효과적인 수질개선효과를 가져올 수 있으리라 판단된다.다. 이상과 같이 조선시대 주식류의 종류 및 조리방법에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 분석한 결과로 조선시대로부터 현재까지 주식류의 변천과정을 파악할 수 있었으며 새롭게 문헌으로라도 복원된 전통음식인