• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.33
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• pp.79-86
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• 1995

This paper intends to develope the multi-objective loading model in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) to support decision maker under fuzzy environment. To obtain the optimal solution, this paper uses interactive fuzzy multi-objective linear programing(IFMOLP) and describes the process of optimal solution. As a case study, numerical examples are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 1995

Photoinhibition of photosystem (PS) n was induced in primary leaves of 25 day-old peppers grown $100\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1},\;at\;25^{\circ}C$. The modulation of PSII functionality in vivo was induced by varying both irradiance ($0-3000\;{\mu}molm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and duration (0-70 min) of light treatment. The functionality of PSII was investigated in terms of photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield of $O_2$ evolution, and expressed as a function of photon exposure [$mol\;photons{\cdot}m^{-2}$, the product of irradiance and duration of light treatment (Bell and Rose, 1981)]. Contrary to the linear decline of Fv/Fm ratio showing 50% decreases by absorption of $10\;mol\;photons{\cdot}m^{-2$, quantum yield of $O_2$ evolution decreased biphasically with increasing photon exposure, showing 50% decreases by absorption of $5.5\;mol\;photons{\cdot}m^{-2}$. Treatment of low temperature at $15^{\circ}C$ for 30 min alone did not affect the functionality of PSII, but high temperature ($45^{\circ}C$) significantly inactivated PSII activity. However, when Jeaves of pepper were subjected to low or high temperature in the presence of light, PSII was substantially photoinactivated. These results suggest the presence of different photoinhibitory mechanisms at low and high temperature.rature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1988

This Paper describes technique for the design of system for telemetering the water temperature at sea. This telemetering device adopts FM-FM system, and its main carrier wave is 146.2MHz. The transmission power is about 1W, and the available distance of transmission is 2km. The telemetering time for the transmission and pause is controlled automatically by the CMOS programmable timer. The water temperature is measured by the electronic thermometer, it is varied by V-F converter which is built to a linear voltage controlled oscillator. The results of the experiment at the place where the receiver is off 2km from the transmitter, the water temperature measured with the mercury thermometer well agree with that of the telemetering device.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.416-420
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of shading material on the chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and its any correlations in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer. Fo was higher in polyethylene shade net than in silver-coated shading plate, but this treatment caused a lower Fm in comparison with silver-coated shading plate. Also, Fv/Fm and PhiPS2 showed higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. The relationship between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR (Photosynthetic active radiation) was increased and reached maximum at the $200-400\;{\mu}mol/m^{2}/s$ of PAR in all of leaves, and the higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. A linear equation was obtained between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. SPAD was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.721-728
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• 1994

In this paper, we analyzed the performances of system considering diversity for FH/CPFSK system with limiter-discrimicator detection and integrate-and-dump post-detection filtering. And, we considered thermal noise and partial-band jamming noise, intersymbol interference for all eight of the possible adjacent bit data patterns, FM noise clicks for evaluation systems. In result, the performance of FH/CPFSK system with diversity under the worst-case partial band jamming noise degraded about 5dB rather than that of without diversity when we considered the thermal noise but improved about 16dB rather than of without diversity when we ignored the thermal noise.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2280-2288
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• 2014

The conventional dimming control methods of LED (Light-emitting dioades) include Analog, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), and FM (Frequency Modulation) Control. Analog dimming is controlled by adjusting forward current of Power LED. Although Analog dimming is possible to control linearly the brightness levels on a whole range (0%~100%), it comes into existence a variation of wavelength by changing the Power LED's forward current. PWM dimming has achieved by varying in duty of full current flowing to the Power LED. Generally, PWM dimming doesn't make variation of wavelength but have difficulty with adjusting the linear brightness level between 0% and 10%. FM dimming method is on the same wavelength as PWM dimming, however, it has problem of flickering at low level of dimming. This paper propose a efficient dimming control method of Power LED in order to overcome the disadvantages of the above mentioned methods. We apply to Analog method in low level of dimming control and use PWM method in dimming range from 10% to 100%. For the experiment, we design and implement a circuit and test the proposed method. Consequently, we can control the linear brightness of Power LED across the whole range and get the constant wave at different dimming level. The experimental results show the benefits of the proposed method.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

A CIA analysis (A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary diagram) indicates that, unlike the general granitic hills of the Korean Peninsula, the chemical weathering of the granitic grus (sandy regolith) in the eastern Jincheon basin is variable in geomorphic site except the Chuncheon basin. In the study area, there are three types of hills, such as; inner hills, linear isolated hills, and outer hills. The weathered mantles of the outer hills and linear isolated hills are weakly altered, whereas the inner hill, the Bonghyeon profile, shows a stronger chemical loss of the compositions approximating saprolite. There are small differences between the outer hills and linear isolated hills. The Geumwang site is considered fresh rock due to a low lever of alteration, although its sampling profile shows sandy weathering mantles. In the profiles of the Masan and Mugeuks sites, the lower part of weathering mantles has not experienced a significant level of component loss, but the upper regoliths have substantially been modified. The alteration of the hills occurs by chemical loss of CaO and Na₂O. K₂O exhibited little variation at all sampling suites and it has not changed into saprolite.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.743-748
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• 2022

The garlic chive (Allium tuberosum Rotter) is a prominent herb species in Asia and other nations of the world. Garlic chives is a favorite vegetable and used to garnish noodles in Korea. The effects of various doses of N, P, and K fertilizers and drought stress on the chlorophyll content in the leaves of garlic chives were investigated. The evaluations showed that chlorophyll a content was 0.386 at 10 mg/l N fertilizer and 0.584 at 50 mg/l N fertilizer. The treatment group showed a significant difference with regard to the contents of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll at the 5% level (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) for chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll were 0.940, 0.966, and 0.971, respectively. The highest content of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the leaves was recorded at 40 mg/l P fertilizer, while the values corresponding to 50 mg/l P fertilizer were lower than those for 40 mg/l P fertilizer. The content of total chlorophyll evaluated at 10 mg/l K fertilizer was 0.312 and that at 50 mg/l was 0.589. The simple linear regression showed the relationship between chlorophyll efficiency aand moisture. The slope factors of the dark-level fluorescence yield (Fo), the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), the quenched state (Fv), and the maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) for chlorophyll-efficient indicators were -0.931, 0.972, 972, and 0.950, respectively. NPK fertilizers and drought stress affected the chlorophyll content and efficiency of A. tuberosum.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2023

Background: Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) may aid in understanding the link between painmodulating brain regions and the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) in fibromyalgia (FM). This study investigated whether the differences in rs-FC of the primary somatosensory cortex in responders and non-responders to the conditioned pain modulation test (CPM-test) are related to pain, sleep quality, central sensitization, and the impact of FM on quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 33 females with FM. rs-FC was assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Change in the numerical pain scale during the CPM-test assessed the DPMS function. Subjects were classified either as non-responders (i.e., DPMS dysfunction, n = 13) or responders (n = 20) to CPM-test. A generalized linear model (GLM) and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to check the accuracy of the rs-FC to differentiate each group. Results: Non-responders showed a decreased rs-FC between the left somatosensory cortex (S1) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) (P < 0.001). The GLM analysis revealed that the S1-PAG rs-FC in the left-brain hemisphere was positively correlated with a central sensitization symptom and negatively correlated with sleep quality and pain scores. ROC curve analysis showed that left S1-PAG rs-FC offers a sensitivity and specificity of 85% or higher (area under the curve, 0.78, 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.94) to discriminate who does/does not respond to the CPM-test. Conclusions: These results support using the rs-FC patterns in the left S1-PAG as a marker for predicting CPM-test response, which may aid in treatment individualization in FM patients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.798-804
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• 2013

In this paper, conducted emission from the LDC(Low-Side DC/DC Converter) of a HEV/EV was analyzed using high-frequency circuit modeling in system-level approach. The conducted emission by PWM process(100 kHz; Switching Frequency) can cause RFI(Radio-Frequency Interference) problems in the AM/FM frequency range. In order to mitigate this conducted emission, a high-frequency equivalent circuit model is proposed by analyzing the fundamental circuits, parasitic components in their parts and connections and non-linear characteristics of MOSFETs, high-power capacitors, inverters, motors, high-power cables, and bus bars which are composed of the LDC. Using these circuit models, results of both simulation and measurement were compared and similarities between them were verified. We are looking forward that this approach can be effectively used in the EMC design of HEV/EV.